Hubungan Pengaruh Rakan Sebaya, Estim Diri dan Lokus Kawalan dengan Sikap terhadap Tingkah Laku Seksual (Relationship between Peer Influences, Self Esteem and Locus of Control with Attitude Towards Sexual Behavior)

Nor Jumawaton Shahruddin, Mariani Mansor, Zainal Madon, Hanina Halimatusaadiah Hamsan

Abstract


Memahami faktor luaran dan faktor dalaman yang akan mempengaruhi pembentukan sikap terhadap tingkah laku seksual adalah sangat penting untuk diukur seterusnya membekalkan sumber maklumat untuk merangka intervensi yang bersesuai. Kajian ini menekankan kepada perspektif perkembangan untuk memahami dan menjelaskan perkaitan pemboleh ubah bebas dengan sikap terhadap tingkah laku seksual. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan hubungan di antara pengaruh rakan sebaya, estim diri dan lokus kawalan dengan sikap terhadap tingkah laku seksual dalam kalangan remaja hamil luar nikah di Semenanjung Malaysia. Berdasarkan reka bentuk keratan rentas, sampel kajian melibatkan seramai 130 remaja perempuan yang hamil luar nikah berumur 14 hingga 19 tahun dari empat buah Institusi Perlindungan dan Pemulihan di negeri Selangor, Perak, Johor dan Kelantan terlibat dalam kajian ini. Data kuantitatif telah di kumpul dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik dan pemboleh ubah-pemboleh ubah yang digunakan dalam borang soal selidik telah dikenal pasti melalui Teori Sosial Kognitif. Hipotesis kajian diuji dengan menggunakan analisis bootstrapping. Keputusan kajian mengesahkan a) pengaruh rakan sebaya mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan sikap terhadap tingkah laku seksual, b) estim diri mempunyai hubungan signifikan sikap terhadap tingkah laku seksual, c) lokus kawalan mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan sikap terhadap tingkah laku seksual, d) estim diri bertindak sebagai pengantara kepada hubungan antara pengaruh rakan sebaya dan sikap terhadap tingkah laku seksual dan e) lokus kawalan bertindak sebagai penyederhana kepada hubungan antara pengaruh rakan sebaya sikap terhadap tingkah laku seksual. Kajian ini mengesyorkan program kesihatan seksual dan reproduktif serta program intervensi yang bersifat pencegahan, perlindungan, pemulihan dan integrasi yang mensasarkan kepada faktor pembentukan sikap terhadap tingkah laku seksual yang selamat dipertingkatkan bagi remaja di Malaysia.  

Kata kunci: Pengaruh rakan sebaya; estim diri; lokus kawalan; sikap; tingkah laku seksual

Abstract

Understanding internal and external factors that will influence the formation and cultivation of attitude towards sexual behaviour is extremely important to be measured as it  provides information for appropriate intervention. This study emphasized on developmental perspective in order to understand and explain the relevance of independent variables to the attitude towards sexual behaviour. This study examined the relationship between peer influence, self-esteem and locus of control and attitude towards sexual behaviour among teenagers who were pregnant out of wedlock in Peninsular Malaysia. Based on cross-sectional design, the sample of this study consisted of 130 teenagers  aged between 14 years and 19 years from 4 welfare institutions in the states of Selangor, Perak, Johor and Kelantan. Quantitative data was collected using a self administered questionnaire and variables used in the questionnaire were identified from applying the Social Cognitive Theory. Hypotheses were tested using bootstrapping analyses. Findings revealed that a) peer influence is significantly related to attitude towards sexual behavior, b) self-esteem is significantly related to attitude towards sexual behavior, c) locus of control is significantly related to attitude towards sexual behavior, d) self-esteem mediated the relationship between peer influence and sexual attitude behavior, and e) locus of control moderated the influence of peer influence and sexual attitude behavior. This study recommends the enhancement of sexual and reproductive health programs and intervention programs that are preventive, protective, rehabilitative and integrative, targeting those factors that shape the attitude towards sexual behaviour among teenagers in Malaysia.

Keywords: Peer influence; self-esteem; locus of control; attitude; sexual behavior


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