The Relationship between Task Factors and Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Performance in the Printing Industry (Hubungan Antara Faktor Tugas dan Prestasi Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan (KKP) di Industri Percetakan)
Abstract
In Malaysia, studies had shown that the low workers performance occurreddue to Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) related aspects such as occurrences accidents, absenteeism, higher level of sickness and stress at work.The long run of this situation will effect organization performance and reduce the quality of work, increase the cost of worker’s compensation and eventually troubling the development of organization. This study examines the task factors related to work demand in enhancing OSH performance, measured in term of occupational accident, occupational stress, sickness of workers and absenteeism focused in the Malaysian Printing Industry.Two hundred and ninety-five respondents from several printing companies in Malaysia were analyzed through distributed questionnaires. Three dimensions involved as independent variables to measure task factors referred to quantitative demand, emotional demand and sensorial demand, while OSH performance as dependent variables measured by occupational stress, occupational accident, absenteeism and sickness.Higher work demand contributes to worker’s stress and accidents that leads to absenteeism problem. Sickness problem confirmed result in influencing absent issues. Moreover, result concern related behavioural aspect which attention should be given on the developing behavioural intervention in order to enhance worker’s knowledge, attitude, and skill while performing their work.Changes related in practicing Human Resource Management (HRM) aspect especially on OSH factors at work such as balancing working hours, altering work condition and environment, enforcing ergonomic aspects, implementing OSH training and safety culture, will help to ensure employees’ safety and health performance. Future research and limitations of the study is discussed.
Keywords: OSH performance; task factors; quantitative demand; HRM practicing; printing industry
Abstract
Di Malaysia, kajian telah menunjukkan bahawa prestasi pekerja yang rendah berlaku disebabkan aspek berkaitan Keselamatandan Kesihatan Pekerjaan (KKP) seperti kejadian kemalangan, ketidakhadiran, bertambahnya penyakit dan tekanan di tempat kerja. Keadaan yang berpanjangan ini akan mempengaruhi prestasi organisasi dan mengurangkan kualiti kerja, meningkatkan kos pampasan pekerja dan akhirnya mengganggu perkembangan organisasi secara keseluruhannya. Kajian ini mengkaji faktor-faktor tugas yang berkaitan dengan permintaan kerja dalam meningkatkan prestasi KKP, yang berpandukan kepada kemalangan pekerjaan, tekanan kerja, penyakit pekerja dan ketidakhadiran di Industri Printing Malaysia. Dua ratus Sembilan puluh lima responden dari beberapa syarikat percetakan di Malaysia telah dianalisis melalui soal selidik yang diedarkan. Tiga dimensi yang terlibat sebagai pembolehuabh bebas untuk mengukur faktor tugas merujuk kepada permintaan kuantiti, permintaan emosi dan permintaan sensori, sementara prestasi KKP sebagai pembolehubah bersandar diukur melalui tekanan pekerjaan, kemalangan pekerjaan, ketidakhadiran dan penyakit. Permintaan kerja yang lebih tinggi menyumbang kepada tekanan dan kemalangan pekerja yang membawa kepada masalah ketidakhadiran. Masalah penyakit juga dikatakan mempengaruhi isu-isu ketidakhadiran pekerja. Selain itu, hasil kajian menyatakan penekanan kepada aspek tingkah laku, perlu diberi perhatian bagi meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan kemahiran pekerja semasa menjalankan kerja mereka. Penambaikkan amalan aspek Pengurusan SumberManusia (PSM) terutamanya melibatkan faktor-faktor keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan di tempat kerja seperti mengimbangi waktu kerja, mengubah keadaandan persekitaran kerja, menguatkuasakan aspek ergonomik, melaksanakan latihan KKP dan budaya keselamatan, akan membantu untuk memastikan prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerja lebih terjamin. Penyelidikan masa depan dan batasan kajian turut dibincangkan dalam artikel ini.
Kata kunci: Prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan (KKP); faktor tugas; permintaan kuantiti; praktik pengurusan sumber manusia; industri percetakan
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