Perkembangan Islamisasi di Turki Era Erdoğan (2002-2010): Pendekatan, Usaha dan Cabaran (The Development of Islamization in Turkey During Erdoğan Era (2002-2010): Approaches, Efforts and Challenges)
Abstract
Tekanan yang dikenakan ke atas gerakan-gerakan Islam di Turki menyebabkan munculnya Recep Tayyip Erdoğan bersama inovasi baru gerakan politik Islam melalui wadah AKP. Kajian ini membincangkan mengenai perkembangan islamisasi di Turki pada era Erdoğan bagi fasa 2002-2010 dengan memfokuskan kepada pendekatan yang diambil, usaha-usaha yang telah dijalankan serta cabaran yang terpaksa dihadapi. Keseluruhan kajian ini menggunakan metode penyelidikan perpustakaan dan metode pensejarahan melalui pendekatan analisis kandungan terhadap bahan-bahan yang berkaitan. Kajian mendapati,
Erdoğan menjadikan konservatif-pendemokrasian sebagai pendekatan utama AKP dalam melakukan usaha islamisasi. Bagi fasa 2002-2010, usaha islamisasi Erdoğan dan AKP tertumpu kepada cubaan memansuhkan larangan bertudung, memperkasakan pendidikan yang berasaskan Islam, mempertingkatkan kualiti institusi agama serta mengawal penjualan arak secara berleluasa. Dalam menjalankan usaha islamisasi, Erdoğan terpaksa menghadapi tentangan dari pihak tentera selaku pemelihara sekularisme. Cabaran getir dari pendokong sekularisme mendesak Erdoğan untuk berkompromi dalam menjalankan usaha islamisasi. Kajian ini turut menghujahkan AKP sebagai sebuah entiti yang berada di atas jalur gerakan politik Islam dengan ruang wacananya yang tersendiri. Perkembangan sejarah serta realiti sosial Turki menjadikan AKP sebagai sebuah entiti gerakan politik Islam yang unik dan relevan dengan konteks negara Turki.
Kata kunci: Islamisasi di Turki; Erdoğan; AKP; konservatif-pendemokrasian; gerakan politik Islam
Abstract
The suppression towardsIslamic movements in Turkey contributed to the emergence of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan with the innovation of Islamic political movement through AKP. This study discusses on the development of Islamization in Turkey during Erdoğan era between years 2002-2010 by focusing on some selected approaches, efforts that have be made and encountered challenges. This study was conducted by library research method and historiographical method through content analysis approach towards related sources. This study found that Erdoğan chose conservative-democratization as the main approach in doing Islamization process. For the 2002-2010 phase, Erdoğan and AKP Islamization effortswere focused on lifting headscarf ban, empowered Islamic-based educations, boosted the quality of religious institution as well as controlled the widely sale of alcoholic beverages. In doing Islamization process, Erdoğan had to face resistance from the military as a guardian of secularism. The stiff challenges from pro-secular camp made Erdoğan to compromise in doing Islamization process. This study also argued that AKP as an Islamic political movement entity with its own discourse. Historical development and social reality in Turkey made AKP as a unique and relevant Islamic political movement entity for Turkish context.
Keywords: Islamization in Turkey; Erdoğan; AKP; conservative-democratization; Islamic political movement
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