Pengaruh faktor terpilih terhadap aspirasi kerjaya keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar Kolej Komuniti (The Influence of Selected Factors toward Entrepreneurial Career Aspirations among Students of Community Colleges)
Abstract
Sejak belakangan ini, kerajaan Malaysia telah melaksanakan pelbagai usaha untuk menggalakkan penglibatan pelajar dalam kerjaya keusahawanan. Namun, Laporan Pengesahan Graduan daripada Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia menunjukkan kebanyakan graduan Malaysia lebih cenderung untuk mencari pekerjaan daripada melibatkan diri dalam kerjaya keusahawanan. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengenalpasti pengaruh faktor terpilih terhadap aspirasi kerjaya keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar kolej komuniti. Faktor terpilih dalam kajian ini merangkumi sikap terhadap keusahawanan, norma subjektif, efikasi keusahawanan kendiri, dan pendedahan terhadap keusahawanan. Kaedah persampelan rawak kluster telah digunakan untuk memilih seramai 265 pelajar kolej komuniti dari Kedah, Pahang, dan Perak. Soal-selidik yang digunakan dalam kajian ini diadaptasi daripada kajian-kajian lepas dan telah melalui proses kesahan kandungan. Item-item dalam soal-selidik kajian ini mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan Cronbach α antara 0.75 hingga 0.91. Berdasarkan analisis regresi pelbagai, kombinasi keempat-empat faktor terpilih tersebut menyumbang sebanyak 39% kepada aspirasi kerjaya keusahawanan pelajar kolej komuniti. Ini menunjukkan keempat-empat pembolehubah bebas tersebut mempunyai impak yang sederhana ke atas aspirasi kerjaya keusahawanan pelajar dan terdapat lebih kurang 60% disumbangkan oleh pembolehubah-pembolehubah yang lain. Adalah disarankan kajian masa hadapan dijalankan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pembolehubah-pembolehubah yang lain terhadap aspirasi kerjaya keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar kolej komuniti. Kajian ini juga melaporkan bahawa sikap terhadap keusahawanan mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap aspirasi kerjaya keusahawanan, manakala norma subjektif, efikasi keusahawan kendiri, dan pendedahan terhadap keusahawanan didapati tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap aspirasi kerjaya keusahawanan. Ini menunjukkan jika pelajar mempunyai persepsi positif terhadap faedah dan hasil kerjaya keusahawanan, mereka berkemungkinan besar memilih kerjaya keusahawanan. Kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa dalam usaha melahirkan pelajar yang beraspirasi kerjaya keusahawanan, tumpuan lebih banyak adalah perlu ke arah membangunkan sikap positif terhadap kerjaya keusahawanan dalam kalangan mereka.
Kata kunci: Aspirasi kerjaya keusahawanan; Teori Kerjaya Kognitif Sosial; Teori Tingkah-laku Terancang; kolej komuniti; pendidikan teknik dan vokasional
Abstract
Nowadays, the Malaysian government has implemented various measures towards encouraging student’s participation in entrepreneurship career. The Graduate’s Tracer Study Report by the Ministry of Education, however, indicates that most of the Malaysian graduates prefer to be job seekers than become an entrepreneur. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to identify the influence of the selected factors toward entrepreneurial career aspirations among the students of community colleges. The selected factors in this study are attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norm, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial exposure. Cluster random sampling method was used to select 265 community college students from Kedah, Pahang and Perak. The instrument used was modified based on several sources of past studies and had gone through a content validity process. The instrument has a reliability value with a Cronbach α value between 0.75 to 0.91. Based on the multiple regression analysis, the combination of the four selected factors contributed 39% to the entrepreneurial career aspirations among the students of community colleges. This shows that the all four independent variables has a moderate impact on student entrepreneurship career aspirations and about 60% are contributed by other variables. It is recommended that future studies to be conducted looking into the influence of other variables towards entrepreneurial career aspirations among the students of community colleges. This study also reported that attitude toward entrepreneurship has a significant influence on entrepreneurial career aspirations, whereas subjective norm, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial exposure were found to have no significant influence on entrepreneurial career aspirations. This indicates that if the students have a positive perception toward the benefits and outcomes of entrepreneurial career, they are more likely to choose an entrepreneurial career. This study suggests that in order to produce students with entrepreneurial career aspirations, more focus is needed on developing positive attitudes towards entrepreneurial career among students.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial career aspirations; Social Cognitive Career Theory; Theory of Planned Behaviour; community college; technical and vocational education
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