The Construction of Local Identities in Korat, Thailand

RUDIGER KORFF (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Ruediger.Korff@Uni-Passau.de)

Abstract


The invention of local identities is becoming an important issue in many parts of the world. Depending on the given circumstances, localism can turn violent as separatist movements, ethnic rioting, civil war unrest or other forms. However in Thailand we can notice a different pattern: the creation of local traditions is a crucial aspect of national integration beyond Bangkok. In this article, the city of Korat in Northeast Thailand is taken as a case study, to indicate how local identities are formed through the revitalization of local traditions and customs. Korat turned into a boom town with increased global integration during the late eighties. This in turn made the region attractive for Bangkok-based strategic groups To be able to compete with this, the local elite had to achieve social cohesion, which was based on local identity. Suprising as it may seem, the case of Korat indicates that globalisation processes tend to strengthen localism combined with the democratisation of the political system in Thailand, this local identity becomes the basis for real national integration.

Key words: local identity, national integration, globalisation, Korat

ABSTRAK

Pembentukun identiti lokal atau tempatan sedang menjadi satu isu penting di banyak negara di dunia. Bergantung kepada keadaan sedia ada, lokalisme boleh berubah menjadi ganas seperti gerakan pemisah, rusuhan etnik, perang saudara atau bentuk-bentuk kekacauan yang lain. Akan tetapi di Thailand, kita dapat menyaksikan satu pola nasional di peluaran Bangkok. Dalam artikel ini, bandar Korat di Timur Laut Thailand diambil sebagai satu kajian kes untuk menunjukkan bagaimana identiti tempatan terbentuk melalui usaha menghidupkan semula tradisi dan adat resam tempatan. Korat menjadi bandar yang maju hasil peningkatan integrasi global yang berlaku pada akhir dekad lapan puluhan. Perkembangan ini menjadikan Korat satu kawasan yang menarik bagi kelompok-kelompok strategik yang berpengkalan di Bangkok. Untuk menyaingi mereka, elit tempatan terpaksa mengkukuhkan perpaduan masyarakat tempatan, yang didasarkan pada identiti lokal mereka. Walaupun ini kelihatan agak menghairankan, kes Korat menunjukkan bahawa proses globalisasi mengukuhkan lokalisme. Bersama-sama dengan pendemokrasian yang berlaku pada sistem politik Thailand, identiti tempatan menjadi asas bagi integrasi nasional yang sebenar.

Kata kunci: identiti tempatan, integrasi nasional, globalisasi, Korat


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