Pergerakan Buruh Ladang: Satu Tinjauan Sejarah

P. RAMASAMY (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)

Abstract


British colonialisme in Malaya among other things saw the formation of large plantations and the importation of labour from South India. To realize absolute surplus value, plantation capital organized under the aegis of merchant capital, placed a number of obstacles in the way of labour mobility and freedom. The rise in consciousness among plantation labour in the 1030s and 1040s led to class conflict between labour and capital. The declaration of an emergency rule in 1948 weakened the spirit and strength of plantation labour under the leadership o f the Communist Party o f Malaya. As a result of the declaration of an emergency rule and the implementation of the colonial policy of moderate trade unnionism, the labour movement in the plantations could not play a positive role in the welfare of labour. Presently, plantation labour under the leadership of the conservative and traditional National Union of Plantation Workers (NUPW)faces a number of problems. It appears that the Union places more importance on the need to maintain good industrial relations rather than to champion the welfare and future of its members.

ABSTRAK

Kolonialisme British di Malaya telah memperlihatkan, antara lain, pembentukan ladang secara besar-besaran serta pengimportan buruh dari Selatan India. Untuk mendapat keuntungan yang mutlak, pemilik modal dagangan (merchant capital) telah menyekat mobiliti buruh serta melaksanakan beberapa kawalan untuk membendung kebebasan mereka. Kemunculan kesedaran di kalangan buruh ladang pada tahun-tahun 1930-an dan 1940-an telah mencetuskan konflik kelas antara buruh dan- pemodal. Pengistiharan perintah dharurat pada tahun 1948 telah melemahkan semangat dan kekuatan buruh ladang yang terlibat di dalam pergerakan yang berhaluan kiri yang diketuai oleh Parti Komunis Malaya. Akibat daripada pengistiharan perintah dharurat serta perlaksanaan dasar kolonial untuk mewujudkan kesatuan-kesatuan sekerja yang patuh dan berhaluan sederhana, pergerakan buruh ladang tidak dapat memainkan peranan yang positif untuk membela nasib kaum buruh. Kini, buruh ladang menghadapi pelbagai masalah di bawah kepimpinan Kesatuan Kebangsaan Pekerja-Pekerja yang agak konservatif dan tradisional yang lebih mementingkan soal perdamaian daripada memperjuangkan nasib dan masa depan kaum buruh.



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