Batik: Sejarah dan Keistimewaan Tekniknya

ABDULLAH JUMAIN ABDUL SAMAH (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, jumain.samah@ubd.edu.bn)

Abstract


Batik is one of the various techniques of textile decorations. The product or motif produced by this technique is called 'batik'. The technique involves the soaking of cloth in dye and various parts to be protected from the dye were stampedwith wax. The technique of batik making is world-wide. It isfoundin Egypt, Africa, India, Java and other places. The historical origin of this technique is obscured. It is hard to say that this technique originates from one main source and then spreads to other various parts of the world. It is more reliable to say that batik exists in the context of independent origin. The technique of batik has certain excellences. It is able to create beautiful motifs of high quality on both sides of the cloth. In contrast with the direct method, batik produces decorations which become integral to the cloth itself. The dye dissolves into thefabrics and does not merely coated the outside layer. The motif produced by the crackle effects of the wax is considered to be unique and beautiful. There is no other method which run produce the same effect. Batik tulis andbatik ekslusif can be considered as the products of high quality arts. The techniques of batik is a heritage of the past and now it is also used as the medium of fine arts.

ABSTRAK

Batik adalah salah satu variasi teknik mencorak tekstil. Semua motif yang dihasilkan dengan teknik batik disebut sebagai 'batik'. Teknik ini melibatkan proses pencelupan sesehelai kain yang hendak dicorak. Bahagian-bahagian yang tidak dikehendaki terkena warna pencelup, diterapkan dengan lilin terlebih dahulu. Teknik batik tersebar luas. Teknik ini terdapat di Mesir, Afrika. India, Jawa dan tempat-tempat yang lain. Sejarah tentang asal-usul teknik batik adalah kabur. Adalah sukar untuk mengatakan bahawa teknik batik berasal dari suatu punca yang tertentu dun kemudian tersebar ke berbagai-bagai tempat yang lain. Adalah lebih diyakini bahawa teknik batik wujud, sebagai penciptaan bebas. Teknik batik mempunyai banyak keistimewaan. Motif-motif yang tinggi mutunya dapat dilihat pada kedua-dua belah permukaan kain. Berbeza dengan teknik mencorak secara langsung, motif-motif yang menjadi hiasan itu menjadi sebati dengan kain. Warna-warna pencelup tidak cuma menyelaputi bahagian-bahagian luar serat-serat kain. Selain itu, corak-corak retak seribu yang dihasilkan dengan teknik batik adalah unik dan indah. Corak-corak retak seribu tidak dopat dihasilkan oleh sesuatu teknik yang lain. Batik tulis dan batik ekslusifdapat dianggap sebagai hnril-hail seni yang tinggi mutunya. Teknik batik adalah warisan zaman lampau dan kini turut digunakan sebagai media untuk seni halus.


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