Aliran Perkembangan dan Perubahan Corak Keganasan (The Flow of Development and Changin Patterns of Terrorism)

Pushpamalar Govindaraju, Mohd Rizal Abd Rahman, Shahrul Mizan Ismail

Abstract


Keganasan atau terrorisme merupakan satu masalah antarabangsa dan tidak semestinya bersifat tempatan. Perkara ini dapat disaksikan melalui serangan-serangan pengganas yang sering berlaku di mana-mana dan pada bila-bila masa dengan pelbagai metod atau strategi baru berikutan kemajuan pesat bidang sains dan teknologi. Bagaimanakah dunia mampu menghadapi dan menangani serangan pengganas yang makin canggih dan mencabar ini? Salah satu caranya adalah dengan meneliti asal usul keganasan dan perkembangannya sehingga kontemporari. Kajian ini terlebih dahulu mencadangkan lima ciri-ciri penting dalam mentafsirkan keganasan. Corak keganasan pula dibahagikan kepada dua iaitu kerajaan intimidasi dan intimidasi ke atas kerajaan. Kelima-lima ciri keganasan digunakan untuk menganalisis modus operandi keganasan bagi mengenal pasti perubahan corak keganasan mengikut zaman. Perbandingan antara ciri-ciri keganasan yang bercorak intimidasi ke atas kerajaan semasa Keganasan Lama dan Keganasan Baru dibuat bagi mengenalpasti perbezaan yang wujud dari segi intipatinya. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah sosio-perundangan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil kajian mendapati corak keganasan berubah mengikut zaman tetapi bersifat berulang. Manakala, kelima-lima ciri keganasan adalah sama sepanjang masa tetapi intipatinya berbeza mengikut kemajuan sains dan teknologi sehingga kemunculan Keganasan Baru. Dapatan ini adalah penting bagi membolehkan sesebuah negara dan juga pertubuhan antarabangsa untuk mengemaskinikan dasar-dasar dan langkah-langkah yang sedia ada mengikut kesesuaian corak keganasan masa kini. Kajian lanjut diperlukan dalam bidang ini bagi mengenal pasti dasar-dasar dan langkah-langkah pembanterasan keganasan yang sesuai dan lebih efektif di peringkat domestik dan juga antarabangsa yang sejajar dengan era globalisasi.

Kata kunci: definisi; kumpulan pengganas; tindakan ganas; perbezaan; internet

 

Abstract

 

Terrorism is an international issue and not necessarily be a domestic problem.This can be witnessed through the recent terrorist attacks at anywhere and anytime with various new methods or strategies following the accelerated advancement of science and technology. How can the world cope with this increasingly sophisticated and challenging terrorist attacks? One of the way by look in to its origins and development to this day. For this purposes, this study proposes five key elements in defining terrorism. The pattern of terrorism divided into two which are government by intimidation and intimidation of government. Five elements of terrorism are used to analyze the modes operandi of terrorism to identify changes in the pattern of terrorism over time as well as the variations between Old and New Terrorism. This study is a legal study that adopts qualitative methods. Thus, library research is used principally to collect data and information for this research. The study found that the pattern of violence changed over time but was repetitive. Meanwhile, the five elements of terrorism are the same all the time but their essence varies by the development of science and technology. This finding is important to enable a country as well as an international organization to update its existing policies and measures according to the current pattern of violence. Further studies are needed in this area to identify appropriate and more effective policies and measures in countering terrorism at domestic and international level in line with the globalization.

Keywords: definition; terrorist groups; violent act; variations; internet


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