Kayu sebagai Bahan Binaan di Lembah Bujang dan Perbandingan dengan Tapak-Tapak Yarang, Takuapa dan Batujaya (Wood as Construction Material in the Bujang Valley and Comparisons with Yarang, Takuapa and Batujaya)

Meljev Singh Sidhu

Abstract


Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kepenggunaan kayu sebagai bahan binaan di Lembah Bujang dan membandingkanya dengan beberapa lokasi serantau seperti Yarang dan Takuapa di Thailand dan juga Batujaya di Pulau Jawa. Kayu boleh digunakan dalam pelbagai cara dalam pembinaan dan cara penggunaanya di boleh dibandingkan untuk menentukkan sama ada terdapat perhubungan teknologi di antara tapak-tapak tersebut. Kajian ini penting kerana belum ada kajian yang mengkaji kepenggunaan kayu sebagai bahan binaan di pelabuhan-pelabuhan awal dalam rantau Asia Tenggara. Memandangkan bahawa kayu adalah sebuah bahan binaan yang mudah mereput dan juga kerana tapak-tapak kajian telah terganggu, penulisan-penulisan ahli arkeologis yang lama telah dirujuk untuk mendapat gambaran tentang kepenggunaan kayu di lokasi-lokasi tersebut. Tempoh penggunaan bahan ini telah dicungkil daripada penulisan ahli-ahli arkeologi terdahulu. Artifak buatan kayu tidak dijumpai di Lembah Bujang tetapi kepenggunaan bahan ini dipercayai berlangsung daripada abad kedua sehingga abad kelima belas Masihi berdasarkan kepada penggunaan bahan-bahan binaan lain yang lebih kental. Kayu juga telah digunakan di Yarang dan Takuapa namun tempoh penggunaan bahan ini belum ditentukan dengan tepat. Di Batujaya, bahan ini telah digunakan dari kurun kelima sehingga kurun kesepuluh Masihi. Cara penggunaan kayu sama ada berbeza ataupun tidak dapat ditentukan secara tepat di antara tapak-tapak yang dikaji dan ini menunjukkan bahawa tidak terdapat perhubungan teknologi di antara tapak-tapak tersebut. Dicadangkan bahawa kajian seperti ini dilanjutkan kepada pelabuhan-pelabuhan protosejarah lain di Asia Tenggara untuk memberi gambaran lebih lengkap tentang senibina pada zaman protosejarah.

Kata kunci: kayu, Lembah Bujang, Yarang, Takuapa, Batujaya

 

Abstract 

 

This paper studies wood as a material for construction in the Bujang Valley and makes comparison with other regional settlements such as Yarang and Takuapa in Thailand together with Batujaya in Java. Wood has many uses in construction and is useful to determine whether there existed a technological relationship between the studied sites. This study is important as there has been no study on the usage of wood for construction in early port sites of Southeast Asia. Given that wood is a material that disintegrates easily and that most of the studied sites have already been disturbed, previous writings by archaeologists were consulted to gain a picture about the usage of wood. The period when wood was used was determined from the work of archaeologists. Wooden artefacts were not found in the Bujang Valley but is believed to have been used from the second to the fifteenth century CE based on the use of other, more resilient construction materials. Wood was used in Yarang and Takuapa but the period has not been determined accurately. At Batujaya, it was used from the fifth to tenth century CE. The ways in which wood was used cannot be determined accurately and this suggests that there was no technological transfer between the respective sites. It is suggested here that this study be conducted at other protohistoric port sites in Southeast Asia to give a more complete picture of the type of technologies that existed during the protohistoric period.

Keywords: wood, Bujang Valley, Yarang, Takuapa, Batujaya


Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdul Latif Mohmod & Hilmi Mohamad Tahir. 1990. Comparative Studies on the Suitability of Selected Palms for Flooring. In Journal of Tropical Forest Science 3 (1): 66-71.

Allen, J. 1988. Trade, transportation and tributaries: Exchange, agriculture and settlement distribution in early historic-period Kedah, Malaysia. Unpublished thesis.

Anderson, J. 1824. Political and Commercial Considerations Relative to the Malayan Peninsula and the British Settlements in the Straits of Malacca. Prince of Wales Island Government Press.

Bayard, D. T. 1970. Excavation at Non Nok Tha, Northeastern Thailand, 1968: An Interim Report. Asian Perspectives XIII: 109-143.

Bulley, A. 1992. Free Mariner: John Adolphus Pope in the East Indies 1786-1821. London: British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia.

Directorate of National Mapping Malaysia. 1970. West Malaysia: Sungai Petani Series L7010 Sheet 16 (Scale: 1:63,360). Kuala Lumpur.

Ezrin Arbi. 2008. Austronesian vernacular architecture and the Ise Shrine of Japan: Is there any connection? Journal of Design and the Built Environment. 4(1): 1-12.

Gerke, S. & Evers H. 2011. Selat Melaka: Jalur Sempit Perdagangan Dunia. Akademika 81 (1) : 5-14.

Giesen, W., Wulffraat, S., Zieren, M. & Scholten, L. 2007. Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia. Bangkok: FAO and Wetlands International.

Henriksen, M. A. 1982. The First Excavated Prehistoric House Site in Southeast Asia. In The House in East and Southeast Asia: Anthropological and Architectural Aspects, written by Izikowitz, K. G. & Sorensen, P. Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies Monography Series No. 30. Copenhagen: Curzon Press.

Herault, B., Beauchene, J., Muller, F., Wagner, F., Baraloto, C., Blanc, L. & Martin, J. 2010. Modeling decay rates of dead wood in a neotropical forest. Oecologia 164 (1): 243-251.

Higham, C. F. W. 2004. Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations. New York: Facts on File Inc.

Jacq-Hergoualch, M. 2002. The Malay Peninsula Crossroads of the Maritime Silk Road (100 BC- 1300 AD). Leiden: Brill.

Logan, J. R. 1851. Notes on Pinang, Kidah &c. Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia Vol 5: 53-66.

Low, J. 1849. A Translation of the Keddah Annals termed Marong Mahawangsa. Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia 3: 468-488.

Miksic, J. N. & Y. G. Geok. 2017. Ancient Southeast Asia. Routledge. London and New York.

Mills, J. V. 1997. Eredia’s Description of Malaca, Meriditional India and Cathay. Translated from the Portuguese with Notes by J. V. Mills and New Introduction by Cheah Boon Kheng. MBRAS Reprint 14.

Moavenzadeh, F. 1990. Concise Encyclopedia of Building and Construction Materials. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.

Munro-Hay, S. 2001. Nakhon Sri Thammarat: The Archaeology, History and Legends of a Southern Thai Town. Bangkok: White Lotus.

Nordin Hussin, 2008. Geografi dan perdagangan: Kepentingan Selat Melaka kepada Perdagangan Dunia, Asia dan Dunia Melayu 1700-1800. In Akademika 73 (1): 3-26.

Pamela, S. 1983. The “International Relations” of the Malay Peninsular from the seventh to the fourteenth century. In Akademika 23 (Julai) 1983. Pp. 21-36.

Peacock, B. A. V. 1974. Pillar Base Architecture in Early Kedah. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 47 (1): 66-86.

Pigeaud, T. G. T. 1960. Java in the 14th century: A study in cultural history: The Nagara-kertagama by Rakawi Prapanca of Majapahit, 1365 A.D. Volume III: Translations. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.

Quaritch-Wales, H. G. & Wales, D. C. 1940. Archaeological Research on Ancient Indian Colonization in Malaya. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society V (18) Part 1: 1-47.

Renfrew, C. & Bahn, P. 2018. Archaeology Essentials. New York: Thames & Hudson.

Shaghir Abdullah. 1998. Tarikh Fathani. Kuala Lumpur: Persatuan Pengkajian Khazanah Klasik Nusantara & Khazanah Fathaniyah.

Stargardt, J. 1973. The extent and limitations of Indian influences on the protohistoric civilizations of the Malay Peninsula. In South Asian Archaeology” Papers from the First International Conference of South Asian Archaeologists held in the University of Cambridge. London: Gerald Duckworth and Company Limited.

Sullivan, M. 1957. Raja Bersiong’s Flagpole Base. A Possible Link between Ancient Malaya and Champa. In Artibus Asiae Vol. 20 (4): 289-295.

Teeuw, A. & Wyatt, D. K. 1970. Hikayat Patani: The Story of Patani. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.

Zuliskandar Ramli, Nik Hassan Shuhaimi, Jusoh, A. & Sauman, Y. 2012. Teknologi Pembinaan Candi di Kedah Tua: Perkembangan dan Pentarikhannya. In Isu-Isu Pentarikhan Tapak Warisan & Artifak Budaya Alam Melayu. Bangi: Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ISSN: 0126-5008

eISSN: 0126-8694