Southeast Asian Port Development: Policy and Initiatives Towards Achieving 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development Goals (Pembangunan Pelabuhan di Asia Tenggara: Polisi dan Inisiatif Ke Arah Mencapai Agenda Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan 2030)

Hanizah Idris

Abstract


Ports are catalyst for economic growth and development of countries including in Southeast Asia where more than 90% of cargos are exported by sea. Port of Singapore, Port Klang and Port of Tanjung Pelepas are classified as mega ports in the region while other ports such as Laem Chabang, Manila, Tanjung Priok and Ho Chi Minh ports are classified as national gateway ports. Following the declaration of a new 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development in 2015, the Heads of States and Government and High Representatives are committed to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions; economic, social and environment in a balanced and integrated manner. For Southeast Asian countries, the target under SDG17 that is to strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global for sustainable development is crucial where SDGs can be met within the framework of revitalized global partnership for sustainable development. The aim of this study is to discuss the policy and other initiatives taken by the maritime sector in selective countries in Southeast Asia in order to achieve the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development including its SDG17. Finding indicates that it is crucial for ports globally include in the Southeast Asian region to adopt sustainable development concept in its policy and port management in line with the 2030 agenda on the sustainable development, not only to minimize the impact of ports on environment but also community, safety and security as well as strengthening the port governance in the era of the “new normal”.

Keywords: Port; sustainable development; policy; environment; new normal

 

Abstrak

 

Pelabuhan adalah pemangkin kepada pertumbuhan dan pembangunan negara-negara termasuk di Asia Tenggara di mana lebih daripada 90% kargo dieksport melalui laut. Pelabuhan Singapura, Pelabuhan Kelang dan Pelabuhan Tanjung Pelepas adalah dikategorikan sebagai pelabuhan-pelabuhan mega, manakala pelabuhan-pelabuhan seperti Laem Chabang, Manila, Tanjung Priok dan Ho Chi Minh dikategorikan sebagai pelabuhan ‘gateway’. Berikutan dengan deklarasi Agenda 2030 Pembangunan Mampan pada tahun 2015, semua Ketua-ketua Negara dan Kerajaan dan Perwakilan Tertinggi komited untuk mencapai pembangunan mampan dalam tiga dimensi iaitu ekonomi, sosial dan alam sekitar dengan pendekatan seimbang dan berintegrasi. Bagi negara-negara Asia Tenggara, matlamat pembangunan mampan yang ke 17 (SDG17) iaitu untuk memperkuat kaedah perlaksanaan dan memberi keutamaan kepada matlamat pembangunan mampan, boleh dicapai dalam kerangka kerjasama global untuk pembangunan mampan. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk membincangkan pembentukan polisi dan lain-lain initiatif yang telah diambil oleh sektor maritim di sebahagian daripada negara di Asia Tenggara dalam usaha mencapai Agenda 2030 Pembangunan Mampan termasuk matlamat pembangunan mampan 17 (SDG17). Penemuan penting menunjukkan adalah kritikal bagi sektor pelabuhan untuk mengaplikasikan konsep pembangunan mampan di dalam polisi serta pengurusan pelabuhan yang bukan sahaja dapat mengurangkan impak pelabuhan ke atas alam sekitar, malahan ke atas komuniti, keamanaan dan keselamatan di samping dapat memperkukuhkan lagi tadbir urus pelabuhan terutama dalam era “norma baharu”.

Kata kunci: Pelabuhan; pembangunan mampan; polisi; alam sekitar; norma baharu


Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdul Rahman, A. A.2018. Hubungan Asean-Sino: Antara order Asia atau Dilema “China’s rise”. Akademika 88(3):5-18.

ESCAP. 2012. United Nations. https://www.unescap.org/publications/

ESCAP. April 2021. Facilitating sustainable and resilient port development to support sustainable maritime connectivity in Asia and the Pacfic. United Nations.

Evers, B. A. 2018. Why adopt a sustainable development goals? The case of multinationals in the Colombian coffees and extractive sector: Master Thesis Erasmus University of Rotterdam.

Gray, R. 2010. Is accounting to sustainability actually accounting for sustainability and how would we know? An exploration of narratives of organisations and the planet. Accounting, Organizations and Society

(1): 47-62.

Ang, A.C. 2021. The development of the maritime transportation industry in Malaysia. In Malaysia as a Maritime Nation, edited by Harun, R. & Ja’afar, S. Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Mesbah Sdn.Bhd.

Idris, H. 2021. The social-cultural aspects of maritime Malaysia. In Malaysia as a Maritime Nation, edited by Harun, R. & Ja’afar, S. Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Mesbah Sdn.Bhd.

Idris, H. & Hussin, H. 2018. Improving intra-ASEAN connectivity and inland waterways network for further integration of the coastal shipping and tourism developments. Jati Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 23(1): 75-101.

Idris, H. 2012. Vietnam port development in the 21st Century, “port without bridges, bridges without road”. Jati-Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 17: 43-56. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) Special Report on Global Warming. 2018. http://www.ipcc.org/

International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH). 2019. http://www.iaph.org/

Jansen, M.V., Tulder, R & Afrianto, R. 2018. Exploring the conditions for inclusive port development: the case of Indonesia. Maritime Policy and Management 1-20.

Johor Port Authority, 2020-2024. http://www.johorport.gov.my

Lam, J.S.L., & E.V.D. Voorde. 2012. Green port strategy for sustainable growth and development. Semantic Scholars 1-12.

Lele, S. 1991. Sustainable development a critical Review World Development 19 (6): 607-621.

Maritime Port Authority 2016b. http://www.mpa.gov/

Maritime Sustainability Reporting Guide 2019. http://www.mpa.gov/

Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity 2025, 2016. ASEAN Secretariate. http://www.asean.org/storage/2016/09/Master-Plan-On-Asean-Connectivity-20251.pdf

Mensah, J. & Casadevall, S.R. 2019. Sustainable development: meaning, history, principles, pillars, and implications for human action: literature review. Cogent Social Sciences 5:1653531:1-21.

Ministry of Transport, Singapore. 2021. https://www.mot.gov.sg

Moheildin, M. 2017. The sustainable development goals and private sector opportunity. EAFIT University of Medelline.

Notteboom, T., Pallis, A. & Rofrigue, J-P. 2021. Port economics, management and policy. New York: Routledge. (Forthcoming)

Notteboom, T. & Rodrigue, J-P., 2008. Containerisation, box logistics and global supply chains: the integration of ports and liner shipping networks. Maritime Economics and Logistics 10: 152-174.

Nor Kalsum, M. I., Anuar, A. & Zulkiflee, A. S. 2017. Sustainable Building to the Project Planning Process the Case of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya Press.

Rekan, A.Z .et al. 2019. Peranan konsep ‘Surau Hijau’ dalam membentuk komuniti lestari di sekolah. Akademika 89(3): 99-112.

Roh, S., Thai, V.Vinh and Wong, Y. D. 2016. Towards sustainable ASEAN port development: challenges and opportunities for Vietnamese ports. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics 32(2): 107-118.

Sarah Tan Yen Ling. 2020. Tackling climate change in ASEAN. In Sarah Tan Yen Linget al. (Eds.), Emerging technologies in Malaysia and ASEAN selected legal and policy issues. Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya Press.

Santiago Mila. Sustainable development of port industry, International Association of Ports ad Harbors (IAPH), Ningbo, 11th July 2019.

Sari Wahyuni, Alif, A.T & Felix, K. P. H. 2019. Exploring key variables of port competitiveness: evidence from Indonesian ports. International Business Journal 30(5): 529-553.

Slaughter, A., Ray, S., & Shattuck, T., International Maritime Organisation (IMO) 2020. Strategies in a non-compliant world. Delloitte Development. httpss://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/

Teerawattana, R. & Yang, Y-C. 2019. Environmental performance indicators for green port policy evaluation: case study of Laem Chabang Port. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics 35 (1) 063-

Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 2016. United Nations: New York. https://www.sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030/

OECD, Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India, 2020. https://www.oecd.org

Omidreza Saadatin, Lim Chin Haw, Sohif Bin Mat, Kamarozzaman Sopian, MasodDalman & Elias Salleh. 2016. Sustainable Development in Malaysia-Planning and Initiatives. Chemistry, Biology, Environment and Culture 138-143.

UNCTAD. Review of Maritime Transport, 2017. New York: UNCTAD https://www.unctad.org/pages/publications/Review-of-Martime-Transport

UNCTAD. Review of Maritime Transport, 2018. New York: UNCTADhttps://www.unctad.org/pages/publications/Review-of-Martime-Transport

UNCTAD. Review of Maritime Transport 2019. New York: UNCTAD. https://www.unctad.org/pages/publications/Review-of-Martime-Transport

UNCTAD. Review of Maritime Transport 2020. UNCTAD: New York. https://www.unctad.org/pages/publications/Review-of-Martime-Transport

UNCTAD Policy Brief, 2019, No.7, 2020. https://www.unctad.org/system/files/official- document/ presspb2020d3_en.pdf

UNCTAD, UN Trade Forum, 12-15 June 2021. https://www.unctad.org/meeting/un-trade-forum-2021-towards-green-and-inclusive-recovery

UNCTAD. Port Industry Survey on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation. 2017. UNCTAD Research Paper No.18, December 2017.

World Bank and United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2017. The potential of the blue economy: increasing long-term benefits of the sustainable use of marine resources for small island developing states and coastal least developing countries. World Bank, Washington D.C. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26843

World Ports Sustainability Program (WPSP), 2019.

https://www.sustainableworldport.org/project/

maritime-and-port-authority-of-singapore-singapores-next-generation-port/

World Ports Sustainability Report, 2019. https://www.sustainableworldreports.org

World Ports Sustainability Report, 2020. https://www.sustainableworldreports.org

Xiao, Z. and Lam, J. S. L. 2017. A systems framework for the sustainable developmentof a port city: A case study of Singapore’s policies. Research in Transportation Businessand Management 11: 255-262.

Yusuf, N. & Sarifin, M. R. 2021. Reaksi masyarakat Malaysia terhadap perintah kawalan pergerakan (PKP) semasa penularan wabak covid-19. Akademika 91(12):69-78.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ISSN: 0126-5008

eISSN: 0126-8694