Kekeliruan Tanaman Hemp dan Marijuana Dalam Taima Torishimari Hou 1948 Di Jepun (The Confusion of Hemp and Marijuana Crops in the Taima Torishimari Hou 1948 In Japan)

Maszeli Mohammad Wee, Asmadi Hassan, Alias Abdullah

Abstract


Artikel ini bertujuan adalah untuk memperjelaskan kekeliruan berkenaan tanaman hemp yang disamakan dengan marijuana dalam dasar perundangan di Jepun. Kekeliruan ini menyebabkan hemp dihadkan penggunaan dan pengeluarannya di Jepun seperti ditetapkan dalam Taima Torishimari Hou (Akta Kawalan Kanabis) tahun 1948. Secara khususnya, terdapat banyak perbezaan antara tanaman hemp dan marijuana walaupun kedua-duanya datang daripada keluarga kanabis yang sama. Beberapa aspek kekeliruan dalam tanaman hemp dibincangkan iaitu dari segi sejarah dan kebudayaan dalam masyarakat Jepun, kekeliruan dalam keluarga kanabis dari  segi botani dan anotomi pokok secara ringkas, perbezaan bahan kimia dalam tanaman hemp dan marijuana serta dari segi pengistilahan dalam bahasa Jepun yang berbeza dan memberi makna berbeza. Ini kerana terdapat peraturan yang ketat kepada petani yang menanam hemp untuk menghasilkan serat oleh kerajaan Jepun dimana kerajaan Jepun menyangkakan bahawa tanaman hemp sama bahaya dengan marijuana yang dikategorikan sebagai dadah. Kajian ini dijalankan menerusi kaedah kualitatif iaitu analisis dokumen sumber primer dan sekunder untuk menjelaskan kekeliruan dan cabaran tanaman hemp di Jepun. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa kekeliruan yang wujud menyebabkan Jepun terlepas peluang besar untuk mengkomersialkan tanaman ini dan seterusnya kehilangan berpotensi besar dalam ekonomi. Sehubungan itu pada masa sekarang terdapat NGO-NGO yang berusaha untuk memberi kesedaran kepada rakyat tentang penggunaan tanaman hemp disamping mendesak pihak kerajaan supaya melegalisasikan tanaman ini sepenuhnya tanpa sebarang dikriminasi kepada petani.

Kata kunci : Kekeliruan; Tanaman Hemp; Marijuana; Taima Torishimari Hou 1948; Japan

Abstract

This article is to clarify with respect to the confusion regarding the hemp crop being equated with marijuana in legal policy in Japan. This confusion caused hemp to limit its use and production in Japan as stipulated in the Taima Torishimari Hou (Cannabis Control Act) of 1948. Specifically, there are many differences between hemp and cannabis crops while both come from the same cannabis family. Several aspects of confusion in hemp plants are discussed in terms of history and culture in Japanese society, confusion in cannabis family in terms of botany and tree anatomy in brief, chemicals in hemp and cannabis plants as well as in terms of terminology in different Japanese and giving different meanings. This is because there are strict rules to farmers who grow hemp to be made into fiber by the Japanese government when the Japanese government thinks that hemp crops are just as dangerous as marijuana which is categorized as a drug. This study conducted a qualitative method of primary and secondary source analysis to explain the confusion and challenges of hemp crops in Japan. This study finds that the existing confusion exists Japan misses a huge opportunity to commercialize this crop and in turn has huge potential in the economy. In this regard, at present there are NGOs that strive to give awareness to the people on the use of hemp crops as well as urge the government to choose to legalize this crop without having to discriminate against farmers.

Keywords: Confusion; Hemp Crops; Marijuana; Taima Torishimari Hou 1948; Japan


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