Kepimpinan Wanita dalam Sejarah Gerakan Sosial di Malaysia (1900-2020)
Abstract
The historical trajectory is not characterized by a linear progression, thereby providing an opportunity to scrutinize discourses and power dynamics within the hierarchical relationship between men and women concurrently. The role of intersectionality between cultures in leadership has only been discussed since World War II to understand the global impact of globalization on culture and leadership worldwide. It is crucial to note that in the broader field of leadership, existing theories do not recognize diversity and social intersectionality. Therefore, this paper adopts a gender approach with a specific focus on the Leadership Labyrinth coined by Eagly and Carli to dissect the dimensions and challenges of women’s participation and leadership in the public sphere. This article outlines a historically critical background to comprehend the complexity and societal changes that have occurred in Malaysia until now. The historical context is traced from the 2nd century to the 21st century, divided into phases based on significant events, with attention given to women’s leadership, participation and influence. A pertinent question arises: how do women, facing different challenges, not only become subjects of development but also choose diverse avenues and discourses to demonstrate that their parity is not singular. Women have been found to exhibit leadership abilities as leaders of early kingdoms. However, over time, these roles gradually narrowed down to being supporters of movements and homemakers. Subsequently, women successfully led organizations advocating for their rights for equal treatment, ensuring their voices were included in decision-making at both individual and institutional levels, as well as within families and governments.
Key word: Labyrinth leadership, Gender leadership, Matrilineal, Multiethnic Malaysia, Patriarchy
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