Ethnic Disparities and Socioeconomic Factors in STEM Education in Malaysia: Towards Inclusive Practice

Saras Krishnan

Abstract


The pursuit of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education has become essential for the economic and social advancement of nations in the modern world. However, in multiracial countries such as Malaysia, the impact of ethnicity on access to, engagement with, and success in STEM fields presents significant challenges. Advancing from a previous study, this paper investigates the relationship between ethnicity and STEM education in Malaysia, with a specific focus on the influence of parents’ socio-economic status and its effects on students’ performance in STEM subjects. This study finds that students from different ethnic backgrounds are affected by socio-economic factors in different ways, particularly in science and mathematics subjects. Ethnic disparities not only in terms of parents’ socio-economic status but including access to educational resources, financial support, and school environments contribute to differences in STEM performance. In light of Malaysia's declining performance in international assessments, these findings offer valuable insights into the underlying reasons for such outcomes and highlight potential areas for strategic intervention. To address these issues, the paper recommends some strategies aimed at promoting inclusivity and ensuring equitable opportunities for all students, regardless of their ethnic background. These strategies are crucial for fostering a more balanced and fair educational landscape in STEM disciplines across Malaysia, and in improving every student’s performance in the STEM subjects.


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