Peranan Keluarga dalam Kehidupan Kanak-Kanak Kurang Upaya Malaysia (The Role of Family in the Lives of Disabled Malaysian Children)

Aizan Sofia Amin, Jamiah Manap, Noremy Md Akhir

Abstract


Malaysia adalah sebuah masyarakat kolektif yang menekankan kepada penyatuan dan rasa kekitaan kepada keluarga. Artikel ini melihat peranan yang dimainkan oleh keluarga dan bagaimana ia memberi kesan kepada kehidupan kanak-kanak kurang upaya dalam pengalaman ketidakupayaan mereka. Seramai 33 wanita kurang upaya fizikal ditemubual sebanyak dua kali di Malaysia untuk meneroka pengalaman zaman kanak-kanak mereka. Hasil kajian mendapati, keluarga memainkan peranan yang penting dalam membantu kebanyakan peserta penyelidikan kerana ketiadaan bantuan kebajikan yang mencukupi. Walaupun kebanyakan wanita ini bergantung kepada keluarga untuk mendapat penjagaan dan sokongan, ramai daripada mereka terpaksa tinggal jauh daripada keluarga akibat daripada pelbagai faktor termasuk ketiadaan bantuan kebajikan yang menyediakan rumah, pendidikan dan latihan yang boleh diakses. Ini menyebabkan mereka mengalami pengasingan fizikal dan psikologi daripada ahli keluarga mereka sendiri. Konflik keluarga juga timbul akibat daripada kesan ketidakupayaan, persaingan adik-beradik dan bebanan emosi dalam keluarga. Kajian ini membuktikan bahawa sokongan terhadap kanak-kanak kurang upaya dan keluarga mereka amat sedikit dan selalunya tiada. Justeru, kajian ini mencadangkan supaya pelbagai agensi negara bekerjasama dalam membantu kanak-kanak-kurang upaya untuk hidup bersama keluarga mereka dan memenuhi keperluan asas yang melibatkan bantuan kewangan, kediaman yang boleh diakses dan sokongan psiko-sosial. Ibu bapa yang bekerja juga perlu dibantu dengan menyediakan insentif kewangan untuk bayaran khidmat penjagaan anak dan juga bantuan dari segi penawaran pusat jagaan harian yang terlatih dalam mengendalikan kanak-kanak berkeperluan khas. Seterusnya, sokongan psiko-sosial seperti khidmat psikologi dan kaunseling harus diberikan kepada kanak-kanak kurang upaya dan penjaga mereka bagi mengatasi pelbagai isu yang berkaitan dengan ketidakupayaan dalam sesebuah keluarga.

Kata kunci: Keluarga; kanak-kanak kurang upaya; bantuan kewangan; rumah; psiko-sosial

ABSTRACT

Malaysia is a collective society that places emphasis on unity and a sense of belonging to the family. This article sets out the role played by families with disabled children, especially how family impacts on the lives of these children in relation to their disability experiences. Thirty-three Malaysian women with physical impairments were interviewed twice with questions designed to explore their childhood experiences. The findings showed that in the absence of adequate welfare support, the majority of participants were supported by their families and thus family had a pivotal role in their early lives. Ironically however, the inadequacy of the welfare state in terms of support for accessible housing, education and training forced them to live away from their family. This led them to experience both physical and psychological isolation. Additionally, the emotional load resulting from this combination of circumstances contributed to sibling rivalry and conflict within their families. This study therefore concludes that state-led multiagencies should work together in providing supporting mechanisms to enable disabled children to live at home, which would include the provision of financial resources, accessible housing and psycho-social support. Working parents, for example, should be given financial incentives to employ carers, and to have additional support given by daily care centres for special needs children. Likewise, effective psychological and counselling services should be provided for disabled children and their families.

Keywords: Family; disabled children; financial support; housing; psycho-social


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