e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities
ABOUT THIS JOURNAL e-Bangi Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities is an international, peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes articles of social and behavioral sciences, and the humanities. It is a quality refereed multidisciplinary journal which is published by the UKM Press, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). e-Bangi publishes original findings or empirical articles (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods), literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, theoretical articles, and methodological articles. E-Bangi does not consider the following types of articles: essays, brief reports, case studies, and book reviews. e-Bangi is an official journal of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) that was first published in 2004. Starting 2023, the journal will be published 4 times a year, in February, May, August, and November. It is published in English and Bahasa Malaysia, and it is open for submission by authors from all over the world. The journal follows COPE Core Practices for publication ethics. The journal accepts submission through its online submission system. To submit a manuscript please click here.
Systematic Literature Review on Influencing Factors on Involvement of The Minorities in The Deviant Acts
Deviant acts such as murder, sexual victimization, bullying, mental health issues, substance use, violent crimes and theft represent behaviors outside of social norms. These acts are often closely associated with minority, youth and marginalized groups, who may be subjected to such behaviors due to systemic discrimination, exclusion and adverse social conditions. This systematic discrimination, exclusion or adverse social conditions. This systematic literature review examined 31 articles focusing on deviant acts experienced or committed by these groups. Thematic analysis categorized deviant behaviors into five main types which is substance use and HIV/AIDS, sexual crimes, criminal offenses, bullying victimization and discrimination. The review also identified the communities most frequently represented, including African Americans, Hispanic, LGBTQ, Palestinian Arab, Russian, homeless, and Latino. Findings reveals that deviant acts occur at a disproportionately high rate among these groups, particularly in urban contexts such as United States where its often driven by structural inequalities and marginalization. This paper highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between minority status and deviant behavior to foster safer environments and promote equity. The study concludes by outlining directions for future research in criminology and minority as well as youth studies. References Anderberg, M., Dahlberg, M. & Wennberg, P. (2022). Criminality among Young People with Substance Use Problems in Sweden: A One-year Follow-up Study. Journal of Drug Issue, 52(3), 406-420. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426211046596 Anthony, A.A. & Brunson, R.K. (2015). The police and public discourse on “Black-on-black” Violence.https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/248588.pdf Australian Bureau of Statistics (2023). 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Meneroka Strategi Daya Tindak Ibu Tunggal Dalam Menangani Tekanan Kewangan (Exploring Single Mothers’ Coping Strategies in Dealing with Financial Stress)
Ibu tunggal berpendapatan rendah di Malaysia menghadapi tekanan kewangan berterusan akibat keterbatasan sumber ekonomi, yang menjejaskan kesejahteraan diri serta kestabilan sosioekonomi keluarga. Tekanan ini merangkumi kesukaran memenuhi keperluan asas seperti makanan, tempat tinggal, pendidikan anak, serta tanggungjawab berganda sebagai pencari nafkah dan penjaga. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan bagi meneroka strategi daya tindak yang digunakan oleh ibu tunggal berpendapatan rendah dalam menangani tekanan kewangan. Kerangka konseptual kajian berasaskan lima teori utama iaitu Model Tekanan Keluarga, Teori Pemuliharaan Sumber, Teori Stres dan Daya Tindak, Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang, dan Teori Ketahanan, yang secara kolektif menjelaskan kesan tekanan ekonomi, kehilangan sumber, mekanisme penilaian kognitif, pembentukan tingkah laku kewangan, serta keupayaan bangkit semula. Reka bentuk kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan temu bual separa berstruktur melibatkan 19 informan dari Pulau Pinang dan Perak, disokong oleh penggunaan Skala InCharge Financial Distress/Financial Well-Being (IFDFW) untuk menilai tahap kesejahteraan kewangan. Data dianalisis melalui analisis tematik menggunakan perisian NVivo 12/14. Dapatan kajian mengenal pasti tiga strategi utama iaitu sokongan formal (agensi kerajaan, NGO, zakat), sokongan tidak formal (keluarga, rakan, komuniti), dan usaha kendiri/ kerohanian (pengurusan bajet, kerja tambahan, kekuatan kerohanian). Implikasi kajian menekankan keperluan dasar sosial yang responsif, intervensi komuniti yang inklusif, literasi kewangan, serta sokongan psikososial bagi meningkatkan daya tahan kewangan ibu tunggal di Malaysia. Abstract: Low-income single mothers in Malaysia experience persistent financial stress due to limited resources, which directly affects personal well-being and family stability. This stress encompasses challenges in meeting basic needs, including food, housing, children’s education, and balancing dual responsibilities as both breadwinner and caregiver. Hence, this study explores the coping strategies employed by low-income single mothers in dealing with financial stress. The conceptual framework integrates five theories namely the Family Stress Model, Conservation of Resources Theory, Stress and Coping Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Resilience Theory. Together, these frameworks explain the effects of economic hardship, resource loss, cognitive appraisal, financial behavior formation, and resilience in overcoming adversity. A qualitative design was adopted using semi-structured interviews with 19 informants from Penang and Perak, supported by the use of the InCharge Financial Distress/Financial Well-Being (IFDFW) Scale to assess financial well-being. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo 12/14 software to identify patterns and thematic categories. The study’s findings revealed three primary coping strategies, namely formal support (government agencies, NGOs, zakat institutions), informal support (family, friends, community), and self-driven/spiritual efforts (budgeting, supplementary work, spiritual strength). The study underscores the need for responsive social policies, inclusive community interventions, financial literacy initiatives, and psychosocial support to strengthen financial resilience among low-income single mothers in Malaysia. References Abdullah, N. (2021). Stigma sosial terhadap ibu tunggal dan implikasinya terhadap kesejahteraan psikologi. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Ahmad, S. Y., Sabri, M. F., Rahim, H. A., & Osman, S. (2016). Mediating effect of self-coping mechanisms on associations between financial practices and financial security of female headed households. 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Digital Workforce Screening: A SWOT Perspective on IT Program Readiness in Malaysian Vocational Education
Screening assessments in vocational colleges are a strategic innovation in educational evaluation, designed to identify the cognitive and technical readiness of students entering program-specific courses. In Malaysia, the Information Technology (IT) program within Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) plays a pivotal role in equipping students with programming, computational thinking (CT), and digital skills essential for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) and the digital economy. However, cognitive screening assessments tailored to IT programs in vocational colleges remain underexplored, leading to inconsistencies in student intake quality and misalignment between curriculum expectations and industry demands. This study employs a SWOT analysis framework to examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of integrating screening assessments for programming and CT in vocational IT education. Data were collected through a literature review from major databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on empirical studies in programming and CT. Findings highlight several strengths: improved problem-solving abilities, industry relevance, and enhanced employability for graduates. Weaknesses include limited institutional resources, insufficient teacher training, and uneven student readiness. Opportunities emerge through government initiatives, educational technologies, and industry collaborations, while threats stem from rapid technological change and persistent digital divides. The study underscores the need for program-specific screening tools that ensure equitable access, enhance employability, and align vocational IT programs with evolving industry standards, thereby supporting Malaysia’s digital transformation and competitiveness. References Afzal, A., Khan, S., Daud, S., Ahmad, Z., & Butt, A. (2023). 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The COVID Stress Scale in a Malaysian population: Psychometric properties
The COVID Stress Scales (CSS) were used to assess distress related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In line with Malaysia's epidemic prevention and control policies during the pandemic, a Malay version of the CSS was developed. This study validated the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the CSS in a Malaysian sample of 686 adults (431 females, 255 males; aged 18–65 years), addressing the lack of culturally specific tools to measure pandemic-related distress in Malaysia. Using rigorous translation and confirmatory factor analysis, the CSS demonstrated strong internal consistency. The results showed that a six-factor model encompassing danger, socioeconomic impact, xenophobia, contamination, traumatic stress, and compulsive checking for the Malay adaptation of the CSS was a good fit with the data. Concurrent validity was confirmed through significant correlations with established measures of COVID-19 fear, PTSD symptoms, and depression. The novelty of this research lies in providing the first comprehensive validation of the Malay CSS, ensuring its cultural relevance and accuracy for assessing COVID-19 stress within the Malaysian sociocultural context. These findings position the CSS as a reliable, multidimensional instrument with practical applications for mental health research and targeted public health interventions to address pandemic-related psychological distress in Malaysia. References Adamczyk, K., Clark, D. A., & Pradelok, J. (2021). The Polish COVID Stress Scales: Considerations of psychometric functioning, measurement invariance, and validity. PloS One, 16(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260459 Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20, 1537–1545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8 American Psychiatric Association. 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Wu Zhong and The Governance of The Tonghui Canal During The Ming Dynasty
Wu Zhong (吴仲) played a pivotal yet underexplored role in the restoration and governance of the Tonghui Canal during the Ming dynasty. This study critically examines his multifaceted contributions as a hydraulic engineer, policymaker, and historiographer. It explores how he led the technical and administrative efforts in restoring the Tonghui Canal and evaluates his intellectual legacy, especially through his authorship of the Gazetteer of the Tonghui Canal (通惠河志), which offers valuable insights into the canal’s history and governance. Addressing the scholarly gap concerning Wu Zhong’s historical significance, this research employs library research and qualitative textual analysis to reconstruct the historical, technical, and institutional dimensions of his work. The findings demonstrate that Wu Zhong’s engineering initiatives significantly enhanced transportation efficiency, reinforced political stability, and stimulated economic growth in the Beijing region. His policy advocacy, conveyed through strategic memorials and institutional reforms, contributed to long-term improvements in water conservancy and urban logistics. Furthermore, his compilation of the Gazetteer of the Tonghui Canal provided an enduring epistemic foundation for subsequent hydraulic governance and historiography. By reassessing Wu Zhong’s contributions, this study offers a more comprehensive understanding of the intersection between technology, statecraft, and knowledge production in the Ming dynasty. It concludes that Wu Zhong’s leadership and intellectual legacy generated lasting societal and scholarly impacts, positioning him as a central figure in the development of Ming dynasty infrastructure and governance. References Cai Fan. (1985). Beijing Tonghui He Kao (A Study of the Tonghui Canal in Beijing), 北京通惠河考. Zhongyuan Geographical Research, 4(1), 49-57. Cao Rong. (1920). Ming Caoyun Zhi (Gazetteer of Water Transport of the Ming Dynasty), 明漕运志, Vol.33. Chen Jiude. (2000). Huangming Mingchen Jingji Lu (Records of Economic Activities of Renowned Officials of the Ming Dynasty), 皇明名臣经济录. Collection of Banned Books from the Siku Quanshu, Vol.9. reprint. Beijing Publishing House. Chen Xibo. (2018). Caoyun Shidai Beiyunhe Zhili Yu Bianqian (Governance and Transformation of the Northern Grand Canal in the Grain Transport Era), 漕运时代北运河治理与变迁. The Commercial Press. Editorial Team of a Military History of China. (1986). Zhongguo Junshi Shi - Fujuan Lidai Zhanzheng Nianbiao(Xia) (A Military History of China - a Chronological Table of Wars Throughout the Ages (Vol.II) ), 中国军事史-附卷历代战争年表-下. People’s Liberation Army Publishing House. Gao Shouxian. (2013). Jianhao Zunao Yihuo Jishu Zhang’ai: Mingdai Xiufu Tonghuihe De Quzhe Guocheng (Obstruction by the Villains or Technical Obstacles - The Tortuous Process of Restoring the Tonghui Canal in the Ming Dynasty), 奸豪阻挠抑或技术障碍: 明代修复通惠河的曲折过程. Ming Dynasty National and Social Research Series, 11, 16-31. He Shijin. (2013). Gongbu Changku Xuzhi (Essentials of Factories and Granaries under the Ministry of Works), 工部厂库须知, Vol.3. reprint. People’s Publishing House. Hu Jixun. (2015). Tonghuihe De Xiujun Ji Zheng yi: Jianlun Mingdai Chaoting Juece Zhong De Liyi Quanheng (The Dredging and Controversy of the Tonghui Canal: Also, on Interest Trade-offs in Decision-Making by the Ming Dynasty Court), 通惠河的修浚及争议- 论明代朝廷决策中的利益权衡. Ancient Civilizations, 9(2), pp.74-80. Hu Kecheng. (2018). Miaotang Yu Hegong: Jiajing Qinian Yunhe Zhiyi Tanwei (The study of Canalology - The Court and River Engineering: An Exploration of the Discussions on the Grand Canal in the Seventh Year of the Jiajing Era) 庙堂与河工: 嘉靖七年运河之议探微. Li Quan eds. Canal Studies, Vol.2. Social Sciences Academic Press. Hu Mangquan. (2008). Tan Wuzhong Chongxiu Tonghuihe Dui Tongzhou Fanrong Fazhan De Lishi Yiyi (On the Historical Significance of Wu Zhong’s Reconstruction of the Tonghui Canal to the Prosperity of Tongzhou), 谈吴仲重修通惠河对通州繁荣发展的历史意义. Beijing Water Affairs, no.6. pp. 56-58. Hucker, C. O. (1985). Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. Stanford University Press. Needham, J. (1971). Science and Civilisation in China-Vol.4: Physics and Physical Technology. Cambridge University Press. Lu Jishu. (1610). Chongxiu Tonghuihe Zhi (Revised Gazetteer of the Tonghui Canal - Annals of Official Positions: Ministry Envoys), 重修通惠河志, Vol.2. Ming Chengzu Shilu (Veritable Records of Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty), 明成祖实录, Vol.78, vol.122. (1962). Reprint. Institute of History and Philology Academia Sinica. Ming Taizu Shilu (Veritable Records of the Taizu Emperor of Ming), 明太祖实录, Vol.207. (1962). Reprint. Institute of History and Philology Academia Sinica. Ming Shizong Shilu (Veritable Records of Emperor Shizong of Ming), 明世宗实录, Vol.89, Vol.90, Vol.96. (1962). Reprint. Institute of History and Philology Academia Sinica. Shen Shixing. (1989). Ming Huidian (Ming Huidian), 明会典, Vol.27. Reprint. Zhonghua Book Company. Shi Weinan. (2022). Mingdai Tonghuihe Hezheng Guanli Tizhi Yanjiu (Study on the River Administration System of Tonghui Canal in Ming dynasty), 明代通惠河河政管理体制研究. [Unpublished master’s dissertation]. Liaocheng University. Wang Qiqi. (2017). Chengzhen Gongshui Zhuanxiang Guihua Wenti Yanjiu (Research on Special Planning Issues for Urban Water Supply), 城镇供水专项规划问题研究. [Unpublished master’s dissertation]. Chongqing University. Yang Xingzhong. (2007). Jiajing Tongzhou Zhilüe ((Jiajing) Gazetteer of Tongzhou), 嘉靖通州志略. Reprint. China Bookstore. Wang Yun. (2019). Zhongguo Yunhezhi - Renwu (Gazetteer of the Canals of China: Figures), 中国运河志-人物. Jiangsu Phoenix Science and Technology Publishing House. Lu Maoteng. (2002). Kangxi Tongzhou Zhi (Kangx Reign’s Canal Transportation Records in Tongzhou Gazetteer), 康熙通州志. Reprint. Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House. Wu Zhong. (2015). Zhongguo Shuili Shi Dian - Yunhe Juan - Tonghui He Zhi (Chinese Water History Classics - Canal Volume - Gazetteer of the Tonghui Canal), 中国水利史典-运河卷-通惠河志. Reprint. China Water & Power Press. Xie Bingchao. (1985). Beihe Ji - Hechen Ji (Chronicles of the North River - Records of River Officials), 北河纪-河臣纪, Vol.6. Reprint. The Commercial Press, Ltd. Zhang Tingyu. (1974). Ming Shi - Gongchen (History of the Ming Dynasty- Meritorious Officials), 明史-功臣. Vol.105-107. Reprint. Zhonghua Book Company. Zhang Yanfang. (2009). Mingdai Jiaotong Sheshi Guanli Yanjiu (Management of Transportation Infrastructure in the Ming Dynasty), 明代交通设施管理研究. Tianjin People’s Publishing House. Zhang Zhidong. (1889). Guangxu Shuntian Fu Records (Guangxu Annals of Shuntian Prefecture), 光绪顺天府志. Zhou Zhihan. (2019). Wanli Tongliangting Zhi - Beikao Zhi (Wanli Reign’s Records of the Tongliang Hall - Preparation Diary), 万历通粮厅志 - 备考志, Vol.12. Reprint. Beijing Publishing House.
Narratives from Malaysian Healthcare Workers: A Window into their Community of Practice
In Malaysia’s complex healthcare environment, understanding the lived experiences of healthcare workers in a collective manner is vital to addressing challenges in service delivery. To this end, this study examines narratives from healthcare workers in a public hospital in Sabah as a way-in to explore the structure and functions of their Community of Practice (CoP). Narratives, collected through two online focus group discussions with eight participants, were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically to identify recurring patterns and meanings. The research significance lies in demonstrating how storytelling functions as both a mirror and mechanism of a CoP. It makes visible norms and emotional dynamics that underpin collaborative practice. Findings reveal four thematic areas: hierarchical boundary negotiation, mentorship and cultural induction, emotional expression and coping, and identity formation with collective memory. These themes illuminated how members navigate professional hierarchies, introduce newcomers through culturally embedded advice, share emotionally charged experiences for mutual support, and preserve institutional memory through repeated stories. The results show that in a high-pressure, hierarchical healthcare setting, narratives provide crucial emotional and professional scaffolding, strengthening team cohesion and resilience while transmitting context-specific, practice-based knowledge. The study concludes that recognising and facilitating narrative exchange within healthcare CoPs can support workplace cohesion, mitigate burnout, and indirectly improve patient care quality. For the Malaysian context, this approach offers culturally attuned insights into sustaining professional communities amid structural and emotional challenges. Future research should extend narrative-based inquiry across diverse institutions and explore longitudinal changes in narrative repertoires. 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Chong (Ed.), Qualitative research in Malaysia: Bringing voices from the margins to the mainstream (pp. 99–116). Routledge. Dousin, O., Collins, N., & Kler, B. K. (2022). The experience of work‐life balance for women doctors and nurses in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 60(2), 362–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12282 Delgado, J., de Groot, J., McCaffrey, G., Dimitropoulos, G., Sitter, K. C., & Austin, W. (2021). Communities of practice: Acknowledging vulnerability to improve resilience in healthcare teams. Journal of Medical Ethics, 47(7), 488–493. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105865 Findyartini, A., Greviana, N., Felaza, E., Faruqi, M., Zahratul Afifah, T., & Auliya Firdausy, M. (2022). Professional identity formation of medical students: A mixed-methods study in a hierarchical and collectivist culture. BMC Medical Education, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03393-9 Geampana, A., & Perrotta, M. (2025). Using interview excerpts to facilitate focus group discussion. Qualitative Research, 25(1), 130–146. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687941241234283 Gonçalves, L., Parker, M., Luguetti, C., & Carbinatto, M. (2022). ‘We united to defend ourselves and face our struggles’: Nurturing a physical education teachers’ community of practice in a precarious context. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 27(4), 339–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2021.1891212 Gordon, L. J., Rees, C. E., Ker, J. S., & Cleland, J. (2015). Leadership and followership in the healthcare workplace: exploring medical trainees’ experiences through narrative inquiry. BMJ Open, 5(12). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008898 Henderson, H. (2017). Difficult questions of difficult questions: The role of the researcher and transcription styles. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 31(2), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2017.1379615 Janjang, J. M., Mohd Nor, M. Y., & Hamid, A. H. (2023). Parents’ challenges against the intention of the implementation of the 12-year compulsory education policy in Malaysia. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. 20(4), 116–128. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.10 Jiménez-Zarco, A. I., González-González, I., Saigí-Rubió, F., & Torrent-Sellens, J. (2015). The co-learning process in healthcare professionals: Assessing user satisfaction in virtual communities of practice. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 1303–1313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.057 Jørgensen, R., Edwards, K., Scarso, E., & Ipsen, C. (2021). Improving public sector knowledge sharing through communities of practice. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 51(2), 318–332. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-08-2019-0115 Keir, A., Bamat, N., Hennebry, B., King, B., Patel, R., Wright, C., Scrivens, A., Elkhateeb, O., Mitra, S., & Roland, D. (2021). Building a community of practice through social media using the hashtag# neoEBM. PloS One, 16(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252472 Kennie-Kaulbach, N., Crespo, K., Janke, K. K., Davies, H., Whelan, A. M., Bishop, A., & Price, S. (2024). A narrative inquiry of critical events supporting professional identity formation in introductory pharmacy practice experiences. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 88(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100614 Kislov, R., Harvey, G., & Walshe, K. (2011). Collaborations for leadership in applied health research and care: Lessons from the theory of communities of practice. Implementation Science, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-6-64 McGrath, R. (2021). Journalling and memoing: Reflexive qualitative research tools. In J. Crossman & S. Bordia (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research methodologies in workplace contexts (pp. 245–262). Edward Elgar Publishing. Noar, A. P., Jeffery, H. E., Subbiah Ponniah, H., & Jaffer, U. (2023). The aims and effectiveness of communities of practice in healthcare: A systematic review. Plos One, 18(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292343 Portoghese, I., Galletta, M., Sardu, C., Mereu, A., Contu, P., & Campagna, M. (2014). Community of practice in healthcare: An investigation on nursing students’ perceived respect. Nurse Education in Practice, 14(4), 417–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2014.01.002 Ranmuthugala, G., Plumb, J. J., Cunningham, F. C., Georgiou, A., Westbrook, J. I., & Braithwaite, J. (2011). How and why are communities of practice established in the healthcare sector? A systematic review of the literature. BMC Health Services Research, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-11-273 Rezuan, N. A., Jalil, A. A. A., & Noordin, Z. M. (2025). Prevalence of and coping mechanisms against mental and psychological burnout among healthcare professionals in a Malaysian public hospital: A cross-sectional study. 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A Conceptual Framework on Climate Change Sensitivity and Technology Adoption Among Farmers
This conceptual paper investigates how economic, political, cultural, and institutional responses to climate change influence farmers' use of adaptive technologies. Drawing on interdisciplinary theories and contextual literature, it proposes an integrative framework in which these sensitivities act as interconnected factors that either promote or impede innovation. Economic sensitivity determines farmers' financial capacity and their willingness to invest in climate-related risk-mitigation technologies. Political sensitivity refers to the role of policies, governance, and resource allocation in creating enabling environments for trust and adoption. Cultural sensitivity emphasises the impact of local knowledge, traditions, and collective practices on farmers' perceptions of technological change, demonstrating that technologies that align with established norms are more likely to be adopted. Institutional sensitivity focusses on the role of research organisations, agricultural extension services, and financing mechanisms in providing the knowledge and support required for successful adoption. The paper contends that climate-smart agricultural systems necessitate adaptive strategies that combine technological solutions with socially grounded and context-specific methods. This paper addresses a gap in prior research, which has typically treated these sensitivities separately, by proposing an integrative framework. By situating adoption decisions within these interconnected sensitivities, the framework improves understanding of how social, economic, and institutional dimensions interact to shape farmers' reactions. It also provides useful insights for developing inclusive policies and practices that boost resilience and enable long-term agricultural transformation. References Abadie, A., & Gardeazabal, J. (2003). 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E-Komik sebagai Kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sinopsis dalam Novel Naratif Ogonshoto (E-Comics as a Teaching and Learning Method for Synopsis in the Narrative Novel Ogonshoto)
Komik merupakan media yang menyampaikan naratif melalui gabungan gambar dan teks yang menarik. Namun, dengan perkembangan teknologi, kini wujud e-komik yang dibangunkan menggunakan teknologi digital. E-komik digunakan secara meluas di dalam bidang pendidikan pada masa kini. Walaupun begitu, pengaplikasian e-komik terhadap sesuatu karya dalam bidang Kesusasteraan Melayu Komunikatif masih tidak mendapat penyertaan yang memberangsangkan daripada guru sastera. Justeru, guru sastera seharusnya sebagai nadi penggerak untuk memulakan e-komik sebagai kaedah pengajaran dalam sesuatu sub topik. Oleh hal yang demikian, kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi menyelesaikan isu berkenaan sikap negatif murid yang kurang minat dalam pembacaan yang kian menjadi barah dalam dunia pendidikan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti keperluan aplikasi multimedia dalam PdP serta mengaplikasikan e-komik dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran sinopsis novel Naratif Ogonshoto berteraskan Teori Konstruktivisme. Kajian dijalankan di salah sebuah sekolah di daerah Bachok, Kelantan. Seramai 31 Orang Murid Tingkatan 4 dan seorang guru KMK telah dipilih sebagai responden. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengaplikasian e-komik membawa perubahan yang positif dalam meningkatkan kefahaman murid serta mampu meningkatkan minat dan motivasi murid dalam pembacaan terhadap sesuatu karya. Kajian ini dapat membantu guru dalam menyediakan bahan interaktif yang menarik dan kreatif sekali gus menyediakan suasana pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang lebih aktif serta bermakna. Oleh itu, penggunaan e-komik yang berteraskan elemen multimedia seperti grafik, audio, animasi kartun dan dialog mampu membuka ruang kepada murid untuk menyelami karya dengan lebih mudah. Malah, pendekatan ini dapat meningkatkan pemahaman murid berbanding pengajaran yang hanya bergantung pada bahan maujud seperti buku teks semata-mata. Abstract: Comics are a narrative medium that combines text and visuals in an engaging way. With technological advancements, e-comics developed through digital applications have emerged and are now widely used in education. However, their application in Kesusasteraan Melayu Komunikatif (KMK) remains limited and has not gained significant attention from literature teachers. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the need for multimedia applications in teaching and learning (PdP) and to examine the effectiveness of e-comics in teaching the synopsis of the novel Naratif Ogonshoto, based on Constructivist Theory. The study was carried out in a secondary school in Bachok, Kelantan, involving 31 Form Four students and one KMK teacher as respondents. The findings reveal that the use of e-comics enhances students’ comprehension of literary texts while fostering greater interest and motivation in reading. Multimedia elements in e-comics, such as graphics, audio, animations, and dialogues, create a more interactive, creative, and meaningful learning environment compared to teaching that relies solely on textbooks. This study highlights the potential of e-comics as an alternative medium that supports teachers in delivering literature lessons more effectively, thereby strengthening students’ engagement and understanding of literary works. References Ali, A.H. (2011). Konsep keindahan dalam kesusasteraan Melayu tradisional. PENDETA: Journal of Malay Language, Education and Literature, 2, 1–12. https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/PENDETA/article/view/1109 Abd Karim, M. M. F., & Wahid, A. (2025). Pengurusan pembinaan insan dalam teks Naratif Ogonshoto. EDUCATUM Journal of Social Sciences, 11(2), 10–32. https://doi.org/10.37134/ejoss.vol11.2.2.2025 Ahmad, M. A., Bakar, E. W., & Juhary, J. (2022). 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Asian Journal of Education, 15(3), 123–138. https://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/12295 Mohamad, R., Yusof, N., & Hamid, S. (2022). Impact of digital games on preschool learning: An exploratory study. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(3), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2203.01 Mohd Radzi, W. R. (2020). Penerapan bahan pendidikan komik dalam pembelajaran dan pemudahcaraan prosa tradisional KOMSAS [Tesis sarjana muda, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris]. UPSI Institutional Repository. Roni, N. S., & Mahamod, Z. (2024). Pengetahuan teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran guru Kesusasteraan Melayu. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 14(1), 51–61. https://spaj.ukm.my/jpbm/index.php/jpbm/article/view/369/249 Kamaruzaman, N.K.H., Osman, K. & Arsad, N. M. (2025). A systematic literature review on the role of e-learning in enhancing environmental literacy among primary school students. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(2), 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2203.31 Raja Krishnan, C. D., Radin A. R. S. A., & Othman, N. (2022). Keberkesanan modul komik mata pelajaran perniagaan tingkatan 4. Akademika, 92 (Isu Khas), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2022-92IK1-13 Sapian, N. A., Mahamod, Z., & Mahad, I. (2021). Penglibatan murid-murid sekolah kebangsaan di kawasan bandar dalam pembelajaran bahasa Melayu dalam talian daripada persepsi guru bahasa Melayu. PENDETA: Journal of Malay Language, Education and Literature, 12 (2), 80–97. https://doi.org/10.37134/pendeta.vol12.2.7.2021 Subramaniam, G. & Mahmud, M. S. (2022). Pelaksanaan pendekatan sosial konstruktivisme menggunakan google jamboard dalam PdP Matematik terhadap pelajar tahun 4. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(12), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i12.1923 Voon, S. H., & Amran, M. S. (2021). Pengaplikasian teori pembelajaran konstruktivisme dalam pembelajaran matematik. Sains Insani, 6(2), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol6no2.285 Zabir, A. (2025). The Malay translations of children’s books during the Covid-19 period: An overview. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(3), 247–258. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2203.20 Zulkifli, N. A., & Latiff, A. H. A. (2021). E-komik dalam pendidikan: Satu pendekatan inovatif dalam PdPR. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.17220/mojet.2021.02.002
From Batu Gajah to Tokyo: Translating and Publishing Lat’s Budak Kampung for the Global Market
The globalisation of knowledge and information has positioned translation institutions and publishers as key agents in spreading cultural and linguistic diversity worldwide. Beyond economic exchange, translation and publishing activities enable local works to cross borders, promoting cultural dialogue and intellectual sharing. This paper discusses the role of the Malaysian Institute of Translation and Books (ITBM) as both publisher and translation institution in promoting Malaysian works to the international market. Using the Japanese edition of Lat’s graphic novel Budak Kampung as the study material, the paper highlights ITBM’s functions in (i) selection and evaluation, (ii) production and design, and (iii) marketing and distribution. The research, based on manual data collection and descriptive analysis, shows that the decision to translate Budak Kampung into Japanese was driven by three factors, Lat’s prominence as an author, the collaborative practices among publishers, and the credibility of the story, which has been translated into 13 world languages. The findings also reveal that changes were made to the content, design and book size to align with the Japanese market. TUFS Press Tokyo was identified as the partner responsible for marketing and distribution in Japan. The implications of this study indicate that publishers are not only mediators of texts but also active cultural agents, promoting local works internationally through translation and publishing while strengthening Malaysian cultural identity in the global arena. References Abdelrauof Alharahsheh, Mohamed Abdou Moindjie, & Lin, A. (2023). Cultural references translation norms in the Queue from Arabic to English. E-BANGI. Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2003.13. Atikah Zabir. (2025). The Malay translations of children’s books during the Covid-19 period: An overview. E-BANGI. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2203.20. Batchelor, K. (2018). Translation and paratexts (translation theories explored). Taylor and Francis. Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge University Press. Even-Zohar, Itamar. (2012). The position of translated literature within the literary polysystem. In Venuti, L. (Ed.s). The translation studies reader 3rd edition, (pp. 162-167). Routledge. Fortune Business Insights. (2024). Comic book market size, share & trends | Analysis [2021-2028]. www.fortunebusinessinsights.com.https//www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/comic-book-market-103903. Gennete, Genette, G. (1997). Paratexts: Thresholds of interpretation (J.E. Lewin, Trans.). Cambridge University Press Genette, G. (1997). Paratexts: Thresholds of interpretation (J.E. Lewin, Trans.). Cambridge University Press Genette, G. (1997). Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation (J.E.Lewin, Trans.). Cambridge University Press. Gouadec, D. (2007). Translation as a profession. John Benjamins. Hanafi Mohd Tahir, Normah Mustaffa & Wan Amizah Wan Mahmud. (2018). Peranan visual reka bentuk kulit buku terhadap kemudahbacaan khalayak. Jurnal Komunikasi, 34(4), 271-284. Hieda, N. (2024). Skopos dan strategi terjemahan semula Kampung Boy dalam bahasa Jepun. Jurnal Bahasa, 24(2), 243–266. https://doi.org/10.37052/jb24(2)no3. Johanson, K., Rutherford, L., & Reddan, B. (2022). Beyond the “good story” and sales history: where is the reader in the publishing process? Cultural Trends, 32(2), 91–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/09548963.2022.2045864. Kang, J.H. (2014). Institutions translated: discourse, identity and power in institutional mediation, Perspectives: Studies in Translation Theory and Practice, 22(4), 469-478. Koskinen, K. (2008). Translating institutions. An etnographic study of EU translation. St. Jerome. Milton, J., & Bandia, P. F. (Eds.). (2009). Agents of translation. Benjamins. Moeran, B. (2011). The book fair as a tournament of values. In Moeran. B, & Pedersen, J.S. (Eds.). Negotiating values in the creative industries fairs, festivals and competitive events (pp. 119-144). Cambridge University Press. Mossop, B. (1988). Translating institutions: A missing factor in translation theory. TTR: traduction, terminologie, rédaction, 1(2), 55-71. Muliyadi, M. (2001). The history of Malaysian animated cartoons. In. John. A.L (Ed.). Animation in Asia and the Pacific (pp. 131–152). Indiana University Press. Muliyadi, M. (2012). The role of cartoon in the formation of Asian community: Art history analysis. HISTORIA: International Journal of History Education, 13(1), 119-130. Neavill, G. B. (1975). Role of the publisher in the dissemination of knowledge. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 421(1), 23-31. Norhazlina Husin, Nur Anisah Tan Abdullah & Aini Aziz. (2020). Analisis kesalahan tulisan Hiragana dan Katakana dalam pembelajaran bahasa Jepun sebagai bahasa ketiga di UiTM. International Journal of Modern Languages and Applied Linguistics, 4(3), 46-64. Norzaliza Ghazali, Ainal Akmar Haji Ahmad, Maizatul Azura Yahya & Fatinah Zainon. (2018). Perpaduan dalam seni lukis Kartun: Analisis semiotik. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling. 2(2), 1-12. Norzaliza Ghazali, Zeety Kartini Abdul Hamid & Nurul Imtiaz Abd Gani. (2020). Analisis Kampung Boy (Edisi Bahasa Jepun): Satu kajian penggunaan bahasa dan nilai budaya tradisi. The 17th International Conference on Japanese Language Education in Malaysia. 1-5. Roslina Mamat, Normaliza Abd Rahim, Nik Rafidah Nik Muhamad Affendi & Roswati Abdul Rashid. (2019). Perkembangan komik dan animasi: Satu kajian perbandingan antara Melayu dan Jepun. Jurnal Komunikasi. 35(2), 260-276. Schulte, R. (1990). Translation and the publishing world. Translation Review, 34–35(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1080/07374836.1991.10523498. Sarinah Sharif & Saliza Ismail. (2021). Translation strategy of cultural aspects in Lat cartoons: The Kampung Boy. International Journal of Modern Languages and Applied Linguistics, 5(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v5i2.13204. Siti Haliza Yusop. (2014, July 3). Kampung Boy modul mengajar IPT Jepun. Berita Harian. https://www.klik.com.my/item/document/11116942/bh---thu-07-2014-main-section-030191-c-tengah. Soon Li. (2021, April 23). Memperkaya ilmu pengetahuan menerusi karya terjemahan. Utusan Borneo.https://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/utusan-borneo-sabah/20210423/281861531345280. Tamaki, Y. (2009). Contemporary publishing strategies in Japan: The role of the literary agent. TTR, 22(1), 119–146. https://doi.org/10.7202/044784ar. Thompson, J. (2005). Books in the digital age. the transformation of academic and higher education publishing in Britain and the United States. Polity. Venuti, L. (1998). The scandals of translation: towards an ethics of difference. Routledge.
Artificial Intelligence Integration among Design Students in Malaysia
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping the creative industry, yet little is known on how Malaysian design students cope with it. Existing studies on AI literacy tend to focus on science and technology fields, leaving a significant gap of the creative arts. This study tackles that gap by exploring how thirty final-year undergraduate graphic design students from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam weave AI into their academic work. Framed by Expectancy–Value Theory (EVT), this study captured student perspectives through six focus group discussions (each 60–90 minutes long), probing their experiences, attitudes, and the perceived costs and benefits of using AI. The findings reveal selective adoption. For instance, while 93% of participants use ChatGPT to spark ideas, few explored design-specific tools like Adobe Firefly or Photoshop Beta. Students consistently praised AI for boosting efficiency and aiding brainstorming but expressed heavy reservations about its impact on authenticity and originality. A clear disconnect presented, with institutional policies lagging behind the rapid realities of the design industry, forcing students to depend on other sources for guidance. From these discussions, four central themes emerged: authenticity concerns, perceived benefits and costs, institutional misalignment, and demand for guidance. The study highlights the need for immediate AI literacy initiatives supported by workshops and ethical guidelines, as well as longer-term curriculum reform and lecturer training. A discipline-specific model of critical AI integration is recommended to ensure that student preparedness for industry demands while safeguarding the originality and cultural heritage central to the design profession. References Ahmad, M. F., & Ghapar, W. R. G. W. A. (2019). The Era of Artificial Intelligence in Malaysian Higher Education: Impact and Challenges in Tangible Mixed-Reality Learning System toward Self Exploration Education (SEE). Procedia Computer Science, 163, 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.12.079 Alarie, B., & Cockfield, A. (2021). Will machines replace us? Machine-Authored Texts and the future of Scholarship. Law Technology and Humans, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.5204/lthj.2089 Berger, R. (2013). Now I see it, now I don’t: researcher’s position and reflexivity in qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 15(2), 219–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794112468475 Bong, M. (2001). Role of Self-Efficacy and Task-Value in Predicting College Students’ Course Performance and Future Enrollment Intentions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 26(4), 553–570. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.2000.1048 Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa Cetindamar, D., Kitto, K., Wu, M., Zhang, Y., Abedin, B., & Knight, S. (2022). Explicating AI literacy of employees at digital workplaces. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 71, 810–823. https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2021.3138503 Chan, C. K. Y., & Hu, W. (2023). Students’ voices on generative AI: perceptions, benefits, and challenges in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00411-8 Chan, C. K. Y., & Zhou, W. (2023). Deconstructing Student Perceptions of Generative AI (GenAI) through an Expectancy Value Theory (EVT)-based Instrument. arXiv (Cornell University). https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2305.01186 Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed). Thousand Oaks: SAGE. Dehouche, N., & Dehouche, K. (2023). What’s in a text-to-image prompt? The potential of stable diffusion in visual arts education. Heliyon, 9(6), e16757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16757 Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational Beliefs, Values, and Goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 109–132. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135153 Fathallah, R. (2021). Pedagogies for Democratic Participation in Design Studios: Towards More Inclusive Group Work among Interior Design Students. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 40(4), 736–747. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12385 Fleischmann, K. (2024). Generative Artificial Intelligence in Graphic Design Education: A Student perspective. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 50(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.21432/cjlt28618 Gilster, P. (1997). Digital Literacy. Wiley Computer. Hennink, M., & Kaiser, B. N. (2021). Sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research: A systematic review of empirical tests. Social Science & Medicine, 292, 114523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114523 Kim, J., Lee, H., & Cho, Y. H. (2022). Learning design to support student-AI collaboration: perspectives of leading teachers for AI in education. Education and Information Technologies, 27(5), 6069–6104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10831-6 Liang, J. (2024). Enhanced Art Design Education: Integrating Artificial Intelligence for Resource Optimization and Innovative Teaching. Atlantis Highlights in Social Sciences, Education and Humanities/Atlantis Highlights in Social Sciences, Education and Humanities, 239–247. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-560-7_29 Liao, J., Kumar, S., & Furuoka, F. (2025). Bridging the Digital Divide: How Internet Access Shapes Human Capital Development and Economic Inequality. E-Bangi Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2202.03 Long, D., & Magerko, B. (2020). What is AI literacy? Competencies and design considerations. Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376727 Ministry of Digital. (2025). National AI Office. Ai.gov.my. https://ai.gov.my Mocănașu, D. R. (2020). Determining the Sample Size in Qualitative Research. International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on the Dialogue between Sciences & Arts, Religion & Education, 4(1), 181–187. https://doi.org/10.26520/mcdsare.2020.4.181-187 MyDIGITAL. (2025). AI untuk Rakyat | Self learning online program. Ai.gov.my. https://aiur.ai.gov.my/#/home Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, S. K. W., & Shen, M. Q. (2021). Conceptualizing AI literacy: An exploratory review. Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100041 Perpustakaan Tun Abdul Razak, Jabatan Arkib Universiti. (2018). Sejarah fakulti –Kajian Seni Lukis & Seni Reka - UiTM Institutional Repository. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/61497/1/61497.pdf Putwain, D., Sander, P., & Larkin, D. (2012). Academic self‐efficacy in research‐related skills and behaviours: Relations with learning‐related emotions and academic success. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(4), 633–650. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.2012.02084.x Russell, S., & Norvig, P. (2021). Artificial intelligence: A Modern approach (4th ed.). Prentice Hall. Tien, Y. T., & Chen, R. (2024, March). Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Design Education. In Proceedings of the 2024 15th International Conference on E-Education, E-Business, E-Management and E-Learning (pp. 123-126). https://doi.org/10.1145/3670013.3670044 Touretzky, D., Gardner-McCune, C., Martin, F., & Seehorn, D. (2019). Envisioning AI for K-12: What Should Every Child Know about AI? Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 33(01), 9795–9799. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019795 Vartiainen, H., & Tedre, M. (2023). Using artificial intelligence in craft education: crafting with text-to-image generative models. Digital Creativity, 34(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/14626268.2023.2174557 Wang, F., King, R. B., Chai, C. S., & Zhou, Y. (2023). University students’ intentions to learn artificial intelligence: the roles of supportive environments and expectancy–value beliefs. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00417-2 Xu, J., Wan Mahmud, W. A., Hassim, N., & Li, C. (2025). Reasons for Establishing Film Festivals: A Systematic Literature Review. E-Bangi Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2202.07 Yusoff, S. M., Marzaini, A. F. M., Hao, L., Zainuddin, Z., & Basal, M. H. (2025). Understanding the role of AI in Malaysian higher education curricula: an analysis of student perceptions. Discover Computing, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09567-5 Zailuddin, M. F. N. O., Harun, N. A. N., Rahim, H.A. A., Kamaruzaman, A. F., Berahim, M. H., Harun, M. H., & Ibrahim, Y. (2024). Redefining creative education: a case research analysis of AI in design courses. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 17(2), 282–296. https://doi.org/10.1108/jrit-01-2024-0019
Transmedia News Production: Bridging Traditional TV Authority with Digital Agility of Metro TV
This study examines the evolution and implementation of transmedia journalism within the Indonesian news media landscape, focusing specifically on Metro TV, Indonesia’s first news television station. As journalism globally adapts to rapid technological advancements and shifting audience behaviors, transmedia storytelling has emerged as a critical strategy for integrating multiple digital platforms to create cohesive, immersive news narratives. Metro TV’s adoption of a transmedia news model reflects broader trends in media convergence and audience engagement, leveraging social media alongside traditional broadcast to enhance reach and interactivity. Despite its potential, the transition to transmedia journalism presents challenges including technological constraints, audience fragmentation, and the need for coordinated cross-platform content production. Through qualitative methods, including semi- structured interviews with key personnel in Metro TV’s news production and social media divisions, this research explores the newsroom’s strategies, workflows, and the practical realities of implementing transmedia practices. The findings highlight the dynamic interplay between traditional journalistic values and innovative digital storytelling techniques, underscoring the importance of adaptability and digital skill acquisition among journalists. This study contributes to the understanding of how legacy media organizations in emerging markets navigate the complexities of digital transformation, offering insights into the opportunities and obstacles inherent in transmedia journalism’s evolution. References Aggarwal, N., Arthofer, F., Rose, J., Rosenzweig, J., & Stephan, J. (2016). The Digital Revolution Is Disrupting the TV Industry. Boston Consulting Group. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2016/media-entertainment-digital-revolution-disrupting-tv-industry Akhter, S. (2022). Key informants’ interviews. In R. Islam, M.R., Khan, N.A., Baikady (Ed.), Principles of social research methodology. Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5441-2_27 Alzamora, G., & Gambarato, R. (2018). Transmedia Journalism in the Digital Age. IGI-GLOBAL, 1, 16–22. https://www.igi-global.com/pdf.aspx?tid=198017&ptid=181513&ctid=15&t=Preface&isxn=9781522537816 Aunul, S., Fauzy, A., & Aisyah, S. (2024). Data journalism practice in Indonesia. E-Bangi Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(73), 2024. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2103.50 Aziz, J., Mustaffa, N., & Hamzah, N. (2021). Proposing Transmedia Storytelling for Malaysian Film Industry: Thematic Considerations. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 37(4), 56–69. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2021-3704-04 Cammaerts, B., & Couldry, N. (2016). Digital Journalism as Practice. In : Witschge, Tamara, Anderson, Chris W., Domingo, David and Hermida, Martin (Ed.), The SAGE Handbook of Digital Journalism (pp. 1–30). SAGE. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/67067/ Canavilhas, J. (2014). Jornalismo Transmedia: um desafio ao velho ecossistema mediático [Transmedia Journalism: A Challenge to Old Media Ecosystem]. Periodismo Transmedia: Miradas Múltiples, 53–67. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3488.4802. Canavilhas, J. (2018a). Journalism in the twenty- first century: to be or not to be transmedia? In R. R. Gambarato & G. C. Alzamora (Eds.), Exploring transmedia journalism in the digital age (pp. 1–14). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3781-6 Canavilhas, J. (2018b). Journalism in the twenty-first century: To be or not to be transmedia? Exploring Transmedia Journalism in the Digital Age, i, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3781-6.ch001 Casero-Ripollés, A., Marcos-García, S., & Alonso-Muñoz, L. (2020). New formats for local journalism in the era of social media and big data: From transmedia to storytelling. In J. Vázquez-Herrero, S. Direito-Rebollal, & A. S.-R. X. López-García (Eds.), Journalistic metamorphosis media transformation in the digital age: Studies in big data (pp. 69–83). Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36315-4_12 Chalikiopoulou, E., & Veglis, A. (2024). Transfictionality, extensions and transmedia journalism: Expanding the storyworld of slavery of the 1619 project. Journalism and Media, 5(3), 892–914. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030057 Cohen, N. S. (2019). At Work in the Digital Newsroom. Digital Journalism, 7(5), 571–591. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1419821 de-Lima-Santos, M. F. (2024). The entanglements between data journalism, collaboration and business models: A systematic literature review. Digital Journalism, 12(2), 256–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2023.2247449 Degen, M., Olgemöller, M., & Zabel, C. (2024). Quality journalism in social media–What we know and where we need to dig deeper. Journalism Studies, 25(4), 399–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2024.2314204 Diana, L. (2018). De-Konvergensi ruang media di Indonesia. Jurnal ULTIMA Comm, 9(2), 15–45. https://doi.org/10.31937/ultimacomm.v9i2.808 Edwardsson, M. P., Al-Saqaf, W., & Nygren, G. (2021). Verification of Digital Sources in Swedish Newsrooms — A Technical Issue or a Question of Newsroom Culture? Journalism Practice, 0(0), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.2004200 Eskiadi, I. G., & Panagiotou, N. (2024). Embracing immersive journalism: Adoption and integration by news media producers. Journalism and Media, 5(4), 1494–1508. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040093 Fernandes, E., Moro, S., & Cortez, P. (2023). Data science, machine learning and big data in digital journalism: A survey of state-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities. Expert Systems with Applications, 221(March), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.119795 Gamaleri, G. (2019). Media ecology, Neil Postman’s legacy. Church, Communication and Culture, 4(2), 238–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/23753234.2019.1616585 Gambarato, R. R., & Tárcia, L. P. T. (2017). Transmedia Strategies in Journalism: An analytical model for the news coverage of planned events. Journalism Studies, 18(11), 1381–1399. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2015.1127769 García-Avilés, J. A. (2020). Reinventing television news: Innovative formats in a social media environment. In J. Vázquez-Herrero, S. Direito-Rebollal, A. Silva-Rodríguez, & X. 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Caregiving Challenges among Frail Elderly Who Have Lost Their Only Child: A Qualitative Study in Urban Chongqing
The loss of an only child ((in Chinese, Shidu) creates profound emotional trauma and structural vulnerabilities for elderly parents in China, especially those who are frail and living without reliable family-based care. Despite growing recognition of their plight, little is known about the multidimensional caregiving challenges they face in urban contexts. This study aims to explore the lived experiences and caregiving difficulties of frail elderly who have lost their only child in Chongqing, a rapidly aging municipality. A qualitative phenomenological approach was adopted to capture the subjective realities of this vulnerable group. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 11 frail elderly who have lost their only child from two urban communities, and data were collected through in-depth interviews. The transcripts were thematically analysed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step framework. The findings reveal five interrelated caregiving challenges: economic stability with lingering risks, physical decline and chronic illness, emotional loss and psychological trauma, social withdrawal and shrinking life space, care deficits and future anxiety. The study underscores the importance of developing affordable long-term care schemes, expanding psychosocial interventions, and strengthening community safety mechanisms for frail elderly who have lost their only child. These findings provide critical insights for policymakers, community workers, and social organizations seeking to improve eldercare models and design more inclusive, culturally sensitive interventions for vulnerable older adults. References Ahmad, M., & Wilkins, S. (2025). Purposive sampling in qualitative research: A framework for the entire journey. Quality & Quantity, 59(2), 1461–1479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-024-02022-5 Alavi, K., Sail, R. M., Idris, K., Samah, A. A., & Omar, M. (2011). 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Issues and Challenges in the Implementation of the Harakah Islamiah (HIKMAH) Da’wah Program for Muslim Converts (Muallaf) in the Rural Area of Sarawak
This study aims to examine the key issues and challenges in the implementation of the da’wah programs by the Harakah Islamiah (HIKMAH) for Muslim converts in the rural areas of Sarawak. A qualitative approach was employed through document analysis and content analysis of journals, conference proceedings, program implementation reports, policy documents and relevant HIKMAH publications. The findings reveal that the implementation of these programs faces various challenges, including logistical constraints due to difficult geographical access, shortage of trained da’wah personnel, cultural and language gaps, as well as limited financial resources and basic infrastructure. Furthermore, social pressure from the converts’ original communities and the absence of a structured support system have also affected the process of religious internalization and commitment among the converts. Despite the importance of rural da’wah, limited scholarly focus has been given to the contextual and structural challenges Islamic institutions in Sarawak face in serving diverse muallaf communities. This study fills that gap by examining internal programmatic limitations through institutional documents. The study suggests that a more holistic, inclusive and locally grounded da’wah approach should be strengthened through cross-agency collaboration involving religious departments, higher education institutions, NGOs and local community leaders. The findings of this study provide important implications for the development of more realistic, contextual and impactful da’wah strategies in enhancing Islamic identity and the overall well-being of Muslim converts in the rural regions of Sarawak. Abdul Ghani, Z. & Jaya, J. (2018). Peranan tokoh agama dalam mengorganisasikan dakwah di Sarawak sebelum merdeka. In Mat Zin, F. & Mat Resad, I. S. (Eds.), Ulama dan perkembangan Islam di Sarawak dan Sabah (pp. 82-100). Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Abdul Jalil, J., Hamzah, M. I. & Lubis, M. A. (2017). Tahap pengetahuan dan amalan fardhu ain anak-anak muallaf sekolah menengah di bahagian Sri Aman Sarawak. ASEAN Comparative Educational Research Journal on Islam and Civilization, 1, 107-123 Abdul Kadir, A. R. (2010). Sejarah perkembangan dakwah Islamiah di Sarawak (1968-1985). In Seminar Antarabangsa Agama dan Pembangunan IV. Sulawesi: UIN Alauddin Makassar. Abdul Kadir, A. R., Bujang, S. Awang Ahmad, A. N. Z., & Towpek, H. (2023). Perkembangan institusi Islam di Sarawak sebelum pembentukan Malaysia. Journal of Al-Tamaddun, 18 (1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.22452/JAT.vol18no1.1 Abdul Mutalib, N. (2017). Peranan Pertubuhan Bukan Kerajaan (NGO) Islam terhadap pelaksanaan aktiviti Islam di Bintulu, Sarawak. In Embong, R., Mat @ Mohamad, M. Z., Md Lateh @ Junid, H., Adam, F. & Syed Omar, S. H. 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Museum Text Translation through Multimodal Discourse Analysis: A Case Study of the Wooden Screen at Guangzhou Museum
With the increasing prominence of multimodality in museum exhibitions, museum text translation is no longer simply an interlingual transformation but rather a complex process involving multiple semiotic resources and modalities. However, museum translation practice has yet to fully respond to the new trend, and previous studies have largely followed a monomodal, language-oriented paradigm centered on source–target equivalence, while scholarly engagement with multimodal discourse analysis in museum translation remains scarce. Against this background, this study aims to investigate the multimodal dimensions that shape museum text translation by drawing on the five-layered analytical framework proposed by Zhang Delu in his Synthetic Framework for Multimodal Discourse Analysis. This study selects a carved wooden screen at the entrance of a permanent exhibition in Guangzhou Museum (China) as the single case for qualitative analysis. The findings demonstrate that museum text translation is not solely a linguistic act but a multimodally situated practice shaped by layered semiotic dimensions: cultural narratives, semantic choices, visual conventions, spatial constraints, and material affordances. This study carries significant theoretical implications in that it bridges multimodal discourse analysis and translation studies, advancing their integration and offering a structured lens for examining museum text translation within multimodal environments. On a practical level, the findings inform curators and designers working to enhance intercultural accessibility and coherence in multimodal museums. References Bahrudin, H., & Bakar, K. A. (2022). Dissent by Design: A Multimodal Study of 2019 Women's March MY Protest Signs. Theory & Practice in Language Studies (TPLS), 12(6), 1076-1086. https:// doi. org/10. 17507/tpls. 1206.07 El Muarrifa, Z. (2016). 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A multimodal analysis of the trans-editing of museum texts [in Chinese]. East Journal of Translation, 6, 26–33. China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Martinec, R., & Salway, A. (2005). A system for image-text relations in new (and old) media. Visual Communication, 4(3), 337–371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470357205055928 Randaccio, M. (2018). Museum Audio Description: Multimodal and “Multisensory” Translation: A Case Study from the British Museum. Linguistics and Literature Studies, 6(6), 285-297. https:// doi.org/1 0.13189/lls.20 18.060604 Neather, R. (2008). Translating tea: On the semiotics of interlingual practice in the Hong Kong Museum of Teaware. Meta, 53(1), 218–240. https://doi.org/10.7202/017984ar Neather, R. (2012a). Non-Expert Translators in a Professional Community: Identity, Anxiety and Perceptions of Translator Expertise in the Chinese Museum Community. The Translator, 18(2), 245–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2012.10799510 Neather, R. (2012b). Intertextuality, translation, and the semiotics of museum presentation: The case of bilingual texts in Chinese museums. Semiotica, 2012(192), 197–218. https://doi.org/10.1515/sem-2012-0082 Neather, R. (2024). Translating for Museums, Galleries and Heritage Sites. Taylor & Francis: London, UK. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203702505 O’Halloran, K.L., & Smith, B. (2011). Multimodal Studies: Exploring Issues and Domains. Routledge: London, UK. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203828847 Pan, L., Wu, X., Luo, T., & Qian, H. (2023). Multimodality in Translation Studies: Media, Models, and Trends in China. Taylor & Francis: London, UK. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032650975 Turnbull, J.A. (2018). Museum communication: the role of translation in disseminating culture. Token: A Journal of English Linguistics, 7, 193–217. https://europub.co.uk/articles/-A-537452 Wan Abdul Halim, W. F. S., Zainudin, I. S., & Mohd Nor, N. F. (2022). Multimodal Communicative Acts of Thailand’s Private Hospital Website Promoting Medical Tourism. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 22(2). http://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2022-2202-05 Xu, X.Y. & Mo, F.F. (2021). Theory and practice of museum texts translation from a multimodal perspective-A Case Study on Anji Branch of Zhejiang Museum of Natural History [in Chinese]. Research of Natural History and Museum, 6, 107–116. China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Yu Z., & Hirzel T. (2022). Museum text translation in the Chinese context: the museum role and text production. Museum Management and Curatorship, 39(2), 188–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/096477 75. 2022.2132992 Yu, Z., Mansor, S., & Enh, A. M. (2024). The Reasons and Influence of the Establishment of One Port Trade System in Guangzhou during Qing Dynasty. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(1), 265-272. https://doi.org/10.17576 /ebangi.2024.2101.23 Zhang, D.L. (2018). 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A Systematic Review of Factors Influencing Women's Sports Participation
With the continuous rise in global chronic diseases, public health issues have attracted more attention. Women's health is particularly prominent in this regard. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that "regular engagement in physical exercise is fundamental to health maintenance." However, recent research indicates that approximately one-third of women worldwide fail to meet the physical activity levels recommended by health experts. This situation has made women mass sports participation an important topic in academic research. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), individual behavior is directly influenced by behavioral intention. Behavioral intention is shaped by several interrelated factors. Using this theoretical framework, this study employs a systematic review to identify factors influencing women's intentions to participate in mass sports and align them within the TPB model. This provides a theoretical basis for promoting female engagement in sports. Based on a qualitative analysis of the 30 included studies, this research identifies four categories of factors influencing women's intention to participate in mass sports: attitude toward sports participation, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and other relevant factors. Among these, perceived behavioral control demonstrates the most significant association with women's intention to engage in mass sports. To advance this field, future research should use theory-driven longitudinal designs to improve the accuracy of participation predictions. Mixed-methods approaches are also recommended to gain a deeper understanding of women's experiences and their subjective views on influencing factors. References Ajeel, I. H., Lin, D. T. A., & Fatah, F. A. (2024). An Analysis of Media Representation of Arab Female Athletes: The Case of Al-Jazeera. e-BANGI, 21(1), 339-350. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. 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Christian, T. J. (2012). Trade-offs between commuting time and health-related activities. Journal of urban health, 89(5), 746-757. Cohen, J. (1990). Things I have learned (so far). American psychologist, 45(12), 1304. Daniels, E. A. (2012). Sexy versus strong: What girls and women think of female athletes. Journal of applied developmental psychology, 33(2), 79-90. Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 10(1), 98. Foster, S., Giles-Corti, B., & Knuiman, M. (2014). Does fear of crime discourage walkers? A social-ecological exploration of fear as a deterrent to walking. Environment and behavior, 46(6), 698-717. Foundation, W. s. S. (2020). 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Pendekatan Terapi Syukur dalam Mengurus Tekanan Emosi Ibu Tunggal Menurut Perspektif Psikospiritual Islam (The Approach of Gratitude Therapy in Managing Emotional Stress of Single Mothers from The Perspective of Islamic Psychospirituality)
Tekanan emosi merupakan antara isu kesihatan mental yang kian meningkat, termasuk dalam kalangan ibu tunggal yang sering berdepan dengan cabaran seperti kekangan kewangan, stigma sosial dan beban pengurusan anak secara bersendirian. Pendekatan terapi syukur menurut perspektif psikospiritual Islam menawarkan penyelesaian holistik dengan mengintegrasikan dimensi spiritual dan psikologi dalam mengurus tekanan emosi tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti komponen terapi syukur, mekanisme pengurusannya, serta mencadangkan modul intervensi berasaskan Islam khusus bagi golongan ibu tunggal. Dari segi metodologi, kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kualitatif melalui analisis kandungan terhadap sumber primer seperti al-Quran, al-Hadis, serta karya tokoh sarjana Muslim terdahulu. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terapi syukur berfungsi sebagai elemen spiritual yang membawa kepada ketenangan jiwa, penerimaan terhadap takdir, dan pengukuhan hubungan dengan Allah, sekali gus meningkatkan daya tahan emosi dan spiritual. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini mencadangkan agar terapi syukur diintegrasikan ke dalam program sokongan psikososial berteraskan Islam bagi memperkasakan kesejahteraan ibu tunggal secara menyeluruh dan holistik. Abstract: Emotional stress is an increasingly prevalent mental health issue, including among single mothers who frequently face challenges such as financial constraints, social stigma and the burden of raising children alone. The gratitude therapy approach, grounded in the Islamic psychospiritual perspective offers a holistic solution by integrating spiritual and psychological dimensions to manage emotional stress. This study aims to identify the components of gratitude therapy, the management mechanisms and propose an Islamic-based intervention module for single mothers. This study employs a metode of qualitative design through content analysis of primary sources including the Quran, Hadis and works of previous Muslim scholars. The findings indicate that gratitude therapy serves as a spiritual element that fosters inner peace, acceptance of divine decree and a strengthened relationship with Allah, thereby enhancing emotional and spiritual resilience. Conclusion, the study recommends the integration of gratitude therapy into Islamic-based psychosocial support programs to holistically empower the well-being of single mothers. References Abd al-Karim al-Qusyairi. (2008). Al-Risalah al-Qusyairiyyah. Darul-Khayr. Abdullah, N., Ismail, N., & Hamjah, S. H. (2023). Gratitude and mental well-being among Muslims: spiritual psychology perspective. Journal of Religion and Health, 62(5), 2310–2324. 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Digital Platforms and Promotion of Ethnic Chauvinism: Implication for Social Cohesion and Online Discourse
In multi-ethnic societies, sentiments cannot be overruled as ideas and issues are perceived and interpreted based on ethnic opinions and positions of the people. This study seeks to unravel the usage of social media in bantering and bullying an ethnic group based on previous events undertaken by some members of that particular group. Some social media users transfer ethnic sentiments to the media space and perceive the outcome of societal occurrences based on the success or failure of actions that one ethnic group had taken in recent times. The study examines how ethnic sentiments influence further engagements in the digital space. Social media comments that ensued as a result of the fallout from the 2023 presidential election where each of Nigeria’s three major ethnic groups presented presidential candidates formed the data for this study. Qualitative content analysis was adopted as the methodology to analyse user-generated content in the study. Thirty-eight online tweets with two hundred and twenty comments on X (formerly Twitter) were purposively selected to unravel ethnic jingoism and banters expressed by users. Uses and Gratifications Theory provides the theoretical grounding for proper analysis of the study. The study reveals that motives, choices and needs shape the interest of media users and consequently determine their devotion for the achievement of intended satisfactions. Issues that threaten national cohesion and peaceful coexistence among social media audience should be strictly avoided by users because they constitute nuisance to the sociological and psychological wellbeing of the audience. Reference Adeyeye, B. & Salawu, A. (2025). Local voices, global impact: The changing trend of indigenous languages in transforming MTN Nigeria's advertising. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 22 (1), 357-370. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2201.29 Aliede, J. E. & Oyelakun, O. O. (2023). Use of social media by Peter Obi for political mobilisation during Nigeria's 2023 presidential election in Lagos state. Nasarawa Journal of Multimedia and Communication Studies, 5(1), 142-152. Alolade, A. O. (2021). Code interface in Nigeria’s sociolinguistic environment. Linguistics, Literary Studies and Communication: A Digital Perspective. Society for Science and Education. https://doi.org/10.14738/eb.164.2021 Altay, S. Berriche, M. & Acerbi, A. (2023). Misinformation on misinformation: Conceptual and methodological challenges. Social Media + Society, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051221150412 An, J., Wanner, P. J., Yu, J. & Ono, N. (2017). Ethnic identity, language use and language attitude of the Pumi in Yunnan, China. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 4(4), 259-267. Ashibogwu, M. (2023, March 9). Nigerian Elections and the appropriateness of insults. Quick News Africa. https://quicknews-africa.net/nigerian-elections-and-the appropriateness-of-insults/ Ayantayo, J. S. (2021). Language and ethnic sentiments in readers’ comments on Facebook pages of selected socio-cultural groups in Nigeria, Ghana Journal of Linguistics, 10(2), 125-150. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjl.v10i2.6 Ayanwale, O. E., Alolade, A. O. & Bakenne, N. A. (2025). Exploring the interplay of political jargons and marriage narratives in contemporary Nigerian society on digital platforms. Journal of Global Perspectives in Communication and Media, 1, 64-85. Ayobolu, O.O. (2024). An examination of violence on elections: A case study of the 2023 presidential and national assembly elections in Lagos state. Nigerian Journal of Arts and Humanities (NJAH), 4(1), 83-87. Babatunde, V. O. & Ayanwale, O. E. (2023). Influence of social media usage on news consumption among undergraduates in Ilorin. Wukari International Studies Journal, 7(4), 84–96. Bakenne, N. A. & Salawu, A. (2025). BBC news Yorùbá and digital public sphere: Promoting Yorùbá cultural traditions among youths of south-west Nigeria. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 22(1), 382-394. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2201.31 Bakshy, E., Messing, S., & Adamic, L. A. (2015). Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. Science, 348(6239), 1130-1132. BBC News Pidgin (2023, February 27). Nigeria presidential election results 2023: State by state breakdown of presidential result as INEC announce Bola Tinubu as president-elect. https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-64780492 Blumler, J. G., & Katz, E. (1974). The uses of mass communications: Current perspectives on gratifications research. Sage Annual Reviews of Communication Research, 3. Christian-Achinihu, M. C. (2024, November). Discursive (De) construction of Identity in Ethno-Religious Crisis Discourses on Online Citizen Media in Nigeria. In AUN International Conference, 2(1), 298-311. Craith, M. N. (2007). Languages and power: Accommodation and resistance. Language, Power and Identity Politics, 1-20. Palgrave Macmillan. Del Vicario, M., Vespignani, A., Bessi, A., Zollo, F., Caldarelli, G., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2016). Mapping the spread of fake news on Facebook. Science, 359, 1146-1151. Dubinsky, S. & Harvey S. (2022). Weaponizing language: Linguistic vectors of ethnic oppression. Global Studies Quarterly, 2, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/isagsq/ksab051 Egede, E. A. (2013). Uses and gratification theory and the optimization of the media in the privatization of state owned enterprises in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(16), 202-213. Falgoust, G., Winterland, E., Moon, P., Parker, A., Zinzow, H. & Madathil, K. (2022). Applying the uses and gratifications theory to identify motivational factors behind young adult’s participation in viral social media challenges on TikTok. 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China-Taiwan Relation During Tsai’s Presidency and Her Efforts in Maintaining Taiwan As Self-Governing Region
Tensions between China and Taiwan have escalated, particularly during President Tsai’s tenure. Following World War II, China endured the Chinese Civil War between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Kuomintang (KMT). The KMT’s defeat in 1949 marked the end of the conflict, after which it retreated to Taiwan and became an opponent force to Beijing. Since then, Cross-Strait relations have remained tense. Under President Tsai, the issue has become more apparent as she consistently rejects China’s reunification agenda while strengthening Taiwan’s ties with Southeast Asian countries and the United States (U.S.) in particular. This paper also adopts a qualitative desktop research, relying on secondary data collection method which includes treaties, white papers, policy documents, defense reports, and news articles. This paper is also significance because Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) prioritizes safeguarding Taiwan’s autonomy and democratic values and the Kuomintang (KMT) advocates for closer ties with China. Concurrently, scholarly attention to the contemporary dynamics of Cross-Strait relations remains insufficient. Existing studies often focus on outdated analyses, such as the deficiencies in Taiwan’s 2012 elections, rather than the policies and developments under Tsai Ing-wen’s administration (2016–2024). Therefore, this paper examines China-Taiwan relationship during Tsai’s presidency demonstrates the significance of defending Taiwan’s democracy and maintaining its status quo as an autonomous territory within China. References An, D. (2019). Assessing Xi’s “One Country, Two Systems” Promise for Taiwan | Global Taiwan Institute. Global Taiwan Institute, 4(12). https://globaltaiwan.org/2019/01/assessing-xis-one-country-two-systems-promise-for-taiwan/ Ashley, R. (2021, November 23). Japan’s Revolution on Taiwan Affairs. War on the Rocks. https://warontherocks.com/2021/11/japans-revolution-on-taiwan-affairs/ BBC. (2020, January 18). President Tsai interviewed by BBC. English.president.gov.tw. https://english.president.gov.tw/News/5962 BBC News. (2021, October 10). China-Taiwan tensions: We will not bow to Beijing pressure, says leader. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58860365 Blanchard, B., & Baptista, E. (2022). Guatemala pledges support for Taiwan, China accuses island of “political manipulation.” Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/guatemala-says-it-will-always-support-taiwan-2022-08-30/ Browne, R. (2019, July 8). US approves major arms sale to Taiwan amid trade tensions with Beijing. CNN; CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2019/07/08/politics/us-arms-sale-taiwan/index.html Bush, R. C. (2021, January 22). Taiwan’s democracy and the China challenge. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/taiwans-democracy-and-the-china-challenge/ Chao, W. (2018). Opportunities and Challenges of Taiwan’s “New Southbound Policy” under Mainland China’s “One Belt, One Road” Initiative. The Prospect Foundation. https://www.pf.org.tw/wSite/public/Attachment/003/f1646809655521.pdf Chen, Y.-J., & Cohen, J. (2019). China-Taiwan Relations Re-examined: The “1992 Consensus” and Cross-Strait Agreement. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1039&context=alr Cheung, E. (2023, March 25). China thinks it’s diplomatically isolating Taiwan. It isn’t. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/03/24/asia/taiwan-diplomatic-allies-support-analysis-intl-hnk-dst/index.html. CRS Report. (2024). Taiwan: Background and U.S. Relations. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10275 Dotson, J. (2023, September 20). Taiwan Announces an Increased Defense Budget for 2024. 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The Collapse of One China. Www.csis.org. https://www.csis.org/analysis/collapse-one-china Klare, M. T. (2022). China Reacts Aggressively to Pelosi’s Taiwan Visit | Arms Control Association. Www.armscontrol.org. https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2022-09/news/china-reacts-aggressively-pelosis-taiwan-visit Kurilla, M. (2024, April 29). What Is the CHIPS Act? Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/what-chips-act Lee, Y. (2019, October 10). Taiwan leader rejects China’s “one country, two systems” offer. Reuters. http://reuters.com/article/world/taiwan-leader-rejects-chinas-one-country-two-systems-offer-idUSKBN1WP0A2/ Lewis, B. (2023, March 23). 2022 in ADIZ Violations: China Dials Up the Pressure on Taiwan. China Power Project. https://chinapower.csis.org/analysis/2022-adiz-violations-china-dials-up-pressure-on-taiwan/ Lim, L. H. (2025). Media Portrayal of Donald Trump in the Post-2024 United States Presidential Election: A Content Analysis of News Reports and Opinion Columns in The Star Online, Malaysia. E-Bangi, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2203.04 Lin, F. (2019). The 2018 Constitutional Amendments Significance and Impact on the Theories of Party-State Relationship in China. China Perspectives, 11–21. https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.8646 Liu, Q., Mansor, S., & Mat Enh, A. (2025). The Bombing of Sino-Italian National Aircraft Works (SINAW) in Nanchang －The End of Relations between Italy and the Kuomintang (KMT). E-Bangi Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2203.33 Mainland Affairs Council. (2011, August 29). President Ma holds a press conference on the 1992 Consensus. https://www.mac.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=8476E33768D2266B&sms=2A725F666F2160C6&s=8A26D7A84A1698A8 Maizland, L., & Fong, C. (2024, March 20). China and Russia: Exploring Ties Between Two Authoritarian Powers. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-russia-relationship-xi-putin-taiwan-ukraine Maizland, L., & Fong, C. (2025, March 19). Why China-Taiwan Relations Are So Tense. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-taiwan-relations-tension-us-policy-trump McCartney, M. (2024, March 19). Taiwan Confirms US Troops on Front-Line Islands Near China. Newsweek. http://newsweek.com/taiwan-confirms-us-troops-front-line-islands-near-china-1880865 MOFA. (2020). Diplomatic Allies. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://en.mofa.gov.tw/AlliesIndex.aspx?n=1294&sms=1007#Accesskey_U NCUSCR. (2023, October 18). Ma Ying-jeou Reflects on Cross-Strait and U.S.-China Relations. NCUSCR. https://www.ncuscr.org/podcast/ma-ying-jeou/ Office of the President Republic of China (Taiwan). (2020, January 18). President Tsai interviewed by BBC. 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Rethinking Taiwan’s Diplomatic Relations: Beyond the Term “Diplomatic Allies.” Global Taiwan Institute, 8(14). Saballa, J. (2023, November 6). Taiwan Procures 10,000 Domestic Kestrel Anti-Tank Missiles. The Defense Post. https://www.thedefensepost.com/2023/11/06/taiwan-domestic-kestrel-missiles/ Sanchez, J. (2023). Belize reaffirms ties with Taipei as Taiwanese president visits. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/belize-reaffirms-ties-with-taipei-taiwanese-president-visits-2023-04-03/ Selby-Green, M. (2018, September 25). US-Taiwan $330 million arms deal escalates trade war spat amid claims of “a knife” to China’s neck. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/us-taiwan-330-million-arms-deal-escalates-trade-war-spat-amid-claims-of-a-knife-to-chinas-neck-2018-9 Singleton, C., Montgomery, M., & Jensen, B. (2024). Targeting Taiwan: Beijing’s Playbook for Economic and Cyber Warfare. In FDD. CSIS. https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2024/10/04/targeting-taiwan/ Teng, P. (2024, August 7). Taiwan planning 6% increase in defense spending in 2025 - Focus Taiwan. Focus Taiwan. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202408070009 Tien, H., & Kao, E. (2024, October 24). European Parliament passes resolution in support of Taiwan. Focus Taiwan. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202410240019 Tung, C.-Y. (2023a). Taiwan and the Global Semiconductor Supply Chain. Taipei Representative Office in Singapore. Tung, C.-Y. (2023b). Taiwan and the Global Semiconductor Supply Chain. Taipei Representative Office in Singapore. Tung, C.-Y. (2023c). Taiwan and the Global Semiconductor Supply Chain. Taipei Representative Office in Singapore. Tung, C.-Y. (2024). Taiwan and the Global Semiconductor Supply Chian. ROC Taiwan.org; Taipei Representative Office in Singapore. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/uploads/sites/86/2024/04/2024_April___May_Issue.pdf Valentine, A. (2022, December 30). Taiwanese young people have mixed feelings about increased military service. 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World History Edu. https://worldhistoryedu.com/chinese-civil-war-history-causes-effects/ Wu, H. (2022, December 28). Taiwan extends compulsory military service to 1 year. AP News. https://apnews.com/article/taiwan-politics-china-tsai-ing-wen-7a5cef695fa4b3585411921c19d91606 Wu, H. (2023, March 21). Former Taiwan President Ma Ying-jeou Will Visit China. Thediplomat.com. https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/former-taiwan-president-ma-ying-jeou-will-visit-china/ Yu, C.-K., & Klingler-Vidra, R. (2021, February 16). Post-COVID-19 Taiwan in the Global Semiconductor Industry: The Context of the New U.S. Administration. Taiwan Insight. https://taiwaninsight.org/2021/02/16/post-covid-19-taiwan-in-the-global-semiconductor-industry-the-context-of-the-new-u-s-administration/
Quran Memorisation in Education : A Bibliometric Analysis
Quran memorisation (hifz) remains a foundational component of Islamic education, historically preserved through oral tradition and now increasingly examined for its educational, cognitive, and spiritual benefits. Despite its significance, the academic discourse on Quran memorisation remains fragmented, with limited bibliometric studies mapping its scholarly development. This study addresses this gap by conducting a bibliometric analysis of Scopus-indexed, English-language publications on Quran memorisation between January 2015 and May 2025. Using VOSviewer 1.6.19, the analysis applied full counting with a minimum keyword occurrence threshold of 5. A total of 104 peer-reviewed journal articles met the inclusion criteria (as of May 2025) after systematic filtering. The analysis examined publication trends, document types, source distribution, authorship patterns, country and institutional contributions, and keyword co-occurrence networks. Results indicate a steady rise in research output, with the highest number of publica-tions recorded in 2024. Southeast Asian countries, particularly Malaysia and Indonesia, emerged as domi-nant contributors, supported by institutions such as IIUM and USIM. Most documents were journal arti-cles, with limited review studies, suggesting a need for theoretical consolidation. Authorship patterns re-vealed moderate collaboration, while keyword mapping identified “students” and “e-learning” as central themes, reflecting the increasing integration of digital technology in Quranic education. This analysis highlights both the growth and the structural limitations of the field. To advance the scholarship on Quran memorisation, future research should prioritise systematic reviews, cross-regional collaboration, and in-terdisciplinary approaches that bridge pedagogy, cognitive science, and Islamic studies. References Ahmad, H., Mohd., M., Che, R., Mohd, F., & Azlan, W. (2019). Augmented Reality Model to Aid Al-Quran Memorization for Hearing Impaired Students. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 447–457. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6031-2_12 Al-Khoury, A., Hussein, S. A., Abdulwhab, M., Aljuboori, Z. M., Haddad, H., Ali, M. A., Abed, I. A., & Flayyih, H. H. (2022). Intellectual Capital History and Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis Using Scopus Database. Sustainability, 14(18), 11615. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811615 Allahverdiyev, M., Yucesoy, Y., & Baglama, B. (2017). An Overview of Arts Education and Reflections on Special Education. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 19(2-3), 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2017.1393956 ‌Al-Mosallam, E. A., Alawadh, M. M., Alhasani, R. S., Almansour, S. M., Altamimi, W., & Yasmeen Altujjar. (2015). ITQAN: A Mobile Based Assistant for Mastering Quran Memorization. https://doi.org/10.1109/econf.2015.42 Alves, J. L., Borges, I. B., & Nadae, J. de. (2021). Sustainability in complex projects of civil construction: bibliometric and bibliographic review. Gestão & Produção, 28(4). https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9649-2020v28e5389 Appio, F. P., Fabrizio Cesaroni, & Minin, A. D. (2014). Visualizing the structure and bridges of the intellectual property management and strategy literature: a document co-citation analysis. Scientometrics, 101(1), 623–661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-014-1329-0 Ardiansyah, W., Waston, Mahmudulhassan, Daud, Z., Salleh, N. M., Nirwana, A. A. N., & Muthoifin. (2024). Tracing Trends in Quran Memorization and Cognitive Learning: A Bibliometric Analysis from the Scopus Database. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS), 22(2). https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.2.00105 Assyakur, D. S., & Rosa, E. M. (2022). Spiritual leadership in healthcare: A bibliometric analysis. Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v7i2.914 Baas, J., Schotten, M., Plume, A., Côté, W., & Karimi, R. (2020). Scopus as a curated, high-quality bibliometric data source for academic research in quantitative science studies. Quantitative Science Studies, 1(1), 377–386. https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00019 Bai, Y., Li, H., & Liu, Y. (2020). Visualizing research trends and research theme evolution in E-learning field: 1999–2018. Scientometrics, 126(2), 1389–1414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03760-7 Eck, N. J. van, & Waltman, L. (2007). Bibliometric mapping of the computational intelligence field. International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems, 15(5), 625–645. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218488507004911 Eck, N. J. van, & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3 Eck, N. J. van, & Waltman, L. (2017). Citation-based clustering of publications using CitNetExplorer and VOSviewer. Scientometrics, 111(2), 1053–1070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2300-7 Fahimnia, B., Sarkis, J., & Davarzani, H. (2015). Green supply chain management: A review and bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Production Economics, 162, 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.01.003 Gu, D., Li, T., Wang, X., Yang, X., & Yu, Z. (2019). Visualizing the intellectual structure and evolution of electronic health and telemedicine research. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.08.007 Hanafi, M., Jumiatmoko, M., Muhammad, F., Wiyono, N., & Ardyanto, T. D. (2021). Quran memorization and early childhood development: A case-control with neuroscience approach. Bali Medical Journal, 10(2), 697-700, https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v10i2.2265 Hassan, S. H. C., et al. (2023). Towards designing a framework for adaptive gamification learning analytics in Quranic memorisation. Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 31(1), 257–278. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.1.16 Ishak, I., Shaidin, A., Harun, D., Warif, M., Vanitha Mariappan, Arimi Fitri, Ludin, M., Ghazali, A., Wahida, F., & Din, C. (2021). Does Quran Memorization Influence Adolescents’ Intelligence Quotient and Memory Level?: A Cross-Sectional Study in Malaysia. Makara Journal of Health Research. https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v25i3.1299. Khiste, G. P., & Paithankar, R. R. (2017). Analysis of bibliometric term in Scopus. International Research Journal, 1(32), 78–83. Ku Fatahiyah, K. A., Hanis Najwa, S., Farah Nur-Rashida, R., & Wazzainab, I. (2019). Pengajaran dan pembelajaran Bahasa Arab dalam kalangan pelajar Tahfiz wal Qiraat. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 16(2), 1–15. https://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/article/view/31377 Moed, H. F., de Moya-Anegón, F., Guerrero-Bote, V., & López-Illescas, C. (2021). Bibliometric assessment of national scientific journals. Proceedings of the Scientometrics Conference. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-03883-5 Mustafa, N. M., Mohd Zaki, Z., Mohamad, K. A., Basri, M., & Ariffin, S. (2021). Development and Alpha Testing of EzHifz Application: Al-Quran Memorization Tool. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 2021, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5567001 Nazmus Saquib, Saquib, J., Abdulrahman Alhadlag, Mohamad Anas Albakour, Bader Aljumah, Sughayyir, M., Ziad Alhomidan, Alminderej, O., Aljaser, M., Al-Dhlawiy, A. M., & Abdulrahman Al-Mazrou. (2017). Health benefits of Quran memorization for older men. SAGE Open Medicine, 5. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312117740990 Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Asbjørn Hróbjartsson, Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., & McGuinness, L. A. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. International Journal of Surgery, 88, 105906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906 Pham, X.-L., & Le, T. T. (2024). Bibliometric analysis and systematic review of research on expert finding: A PRISMA-guided approach. International Arab Journal of Information Technology, 21(4), 661–674. https://doi.org/10.34028/iajit/21/4/9 Pilotti, M. A. E., Alaoui, K. E., & Al Kuhayli, H. A. (2020). A verbatim learning past is not destiny. International Journal of Learning in Higher Education, 28(1), 49-64. https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-7955/CGP/v28i01/51-64 Pranata, S., Suhada, H., Aini, Q., Rahardja, U., & Amrikhasanah, O. G. (2020). I learning management system using shari'a gamification method for Quran hafiz. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 12(2), 2532-2540. https://doi.org/10.5373/JARDCS/V12I2/S20201301 Rahman, M. A., Aribisala, B. S., Ullah, I., & Omer, H. (2020). Association between scripture memorization and brain atrophy using magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, 80(1), 90-97. https://doi.org/10.21307/ane-2020-009 Rajagede, R. A., & Hastuti, R. P. (2021). Al-Quran recitation verification for memorization test using Siamese LSTM network. Communications in Science and Technology, 6(1), 35-40. https://doi.org/0.21924/CST.6.1.2021.344 Sidek, H. M., Saleh, M. H., & Husin, H. (2020). Thematic-based text structure analysis as a function of text memorization: Surah Yasin. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 28(3), 2405-2425. Siti Mastura, B., Adura Hani, A. H., Nurul Fazzuan, K., & Muhammad Zuhair, Z. (2021). Keberkesanan aplikasi al-Quran m-pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan pencapaian Hifz al-Quran dalam kalangan pelajar Tahfiz Model Ulul Albab (TMUA). e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 18(9), 122–133. Stefano, G. D., M. Peteraf, & Verona, G. (2010). Dynamic capabilities deconstructed : a bibliographic investigation into the origins, development, and future directions of the research domain. Industrial and Corporate Change, 19(4), 1187–1204. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtq027 Suryana, T., Oktaviany, I., & Dewi, N. P. (2021). Website-based Al-Quran memorization monitoring and evaluation system design. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1764 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1764/1/012188 Verbeek, A., Debackere, K., Luwel, M., & Zimmermann, E. (2002). Measuring progress and evolution in science and technology I: The multiple uses of bibliometric indicators. International Journal of Management Reviews, 4(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00083 Wu, Y. C. J., & Wu, T. (2017). A decade of entrepreneurship education in the Asia Pacific for future directions in theory and practice. Management Decision, 55(7), 1333–1350. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2017-0518 Zhang, T., Zhang, B., Tian, W., Ma, X., Wang, F., Wang, P., Wei, Y., Liu, L., & Tang, X. (2022). A Bibliometric Analysis of Atrophic Gastritis From 2011 to 2021. Frontiers in Medicine, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.843395 ‌
Faktor Penggunaan Media Sosial Dalam Kalangan Pekebun Kecil Sawit (Factors Influencing Social Media Use Among Small Palm Oil Farmers)
Media sosial merupakan platform untuk penyebaran pengetahuan dan komunikasi dalam semua bidang termasuklah industri sawit. Namun, penggunaan media sosial bagi pengurusan kebun sawit masih rendah dalam kalangan pekebun kecil. Justeru, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan media sosial di kalangan pekebun kecil. Bagi tujuan tersebut, temubual dilakukan bersama kumpulan pekebun kecil yang menguruskan sendiri ladang sawit dan pekebun kecil yang berada di bawah pengurusan Felda. Data daripada temubual dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan perisian Nvivo. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan maklumat berkaitan sawit daripada media sosial dapat menjimatkan kos, meningkatkan hasil serta menambah produktiviti. Malah, maklumat pengeluaran produk lain daripada media sosial juga digunakan oleh pekebun kecil bagi menjana pendapatan sampingan. Media sosial juga dapat membantu pekebun kecil menyelesaikan sebarang masalah tentang pengurusan kebun sawit. Namun yang penting, media sosial juga dilihat meningkatkan kesetiaan pelanggan, membolehkan pekebun mendapat maklum balas daripada pelanggan serta menggalakkan pekebun melakukan inovasi. Ini dapat menjamin perkembangan industri sawit yang mapan. Justeru, kesedaran pekebun kecil berkaitan penggunaan media sosial dalam pengurusan kebun sawit perlu dipertingkatkan terutama menerusi dasar yang dibuat oleh kerajaan dan badan bukan kerajaan. Ini penting untuk menggalakkan penggunaan media sosial ke arah menambah pengeluaran dan pendapatan dalam industri sawit terutama dalam kalangan pekebun kecil. Abstract: Social media is a platform for the dissemination of knowledge and communication in all fields, including the palm oil industry. However, the use of social media for managing oil palm plantations is still low among smallholders. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the factors influencing the use of social media among smallholders. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with a group of smallholders who manage their own oil palm plantations and smallholders who are under Felda management. Data from the interviews were analysed qualitatively using Nvivo software. The study findings show that information related to oil palm from social media can save costs, increase yields, and improve productivity. In fact, information on the production of other products from social media is also used by smallholders to generate additional income. Social media can also help smallholders solve any problems they have regarding palm oil plantation management. However, importantly, social media is also seen as increasing customer loyalty, allowing farmers to receive feedback from customers, and encouraging farmers to innovate. This can ensure the sustainable development of the palm oil industry. Therefore, awareness among smallholders regarding the use of social media in managing oil palm plantations needs to be increased, especially through policies made by the government and non-governmental organisations. This is important for encouraging the use of social media towards increasing production and income in the palm oil industry, especially among smallholders. References Ab Rahman, A. H. A., Abdullah, A., Johari, M. L., Yusoff, S., & Rasli, F. N. (2024). Social media usage and social capital as determinants of oil palm integration practices among smallholders in East Malaysia. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 11(10), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.1110.17665 Abu Hassim, O., Zulkepli, J., Omar, D., Muhamad, M. R., Ibrahim, M. H., Khair, N., & Yusof, N. M. (2024). Navigating the path to equitable and sustainable digital agriculture among small farmers in Malaysia: A comprehensive review. International Multidisciplinary Business Review, 15(1), 19–31. https://ojs.amhinternational.com/index.php/imbr/article/view/3795/2479 Ariyanto, A., Syaukat, Y., Hartoyo, S., & Sinaga, B. M. (2020). Technology adoption and technical efficiency of oil palm smallholder plantation in Riau and West Kalimantan. Jurnal Manajemen dan Agribisnis, 17(3), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.17358/jma.17.3.239 Bernama. (2024, Mei 15). India import 285,829 tan minyak sawit Malaysia bulan lalu. Berita Harian. https://www.bharian.com.my/bisnes/lain-lain/2024/05/1247220/india-import-285829- tan- minyak-sawit-malaysia-bulan-lalu Bernama. (2025, May 5). Palm oil exports reach RM114 bln in 2024. Selangor Journal. https://selangorjournal.my/2025/05/palm-oil-exports-reach-rm114-bln-in-2024/ Filyntiana, T.A., Zurinah, T. & Arvin Raj, D.M. (2021). Persepsi terhadap penggunaan teknologi moden dalam penanaman kelapa sawit. e-Bangi Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 18(9), 176-194. Hicks, R. (2024, Oktober 10). Can regenerative agriculture save Southeast Asia’s rainforests from palm oil? Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/land-use-biodiversity/can-regenerative-agriculture-save-southeast-asias-rainforests-palm-oil-2024-10-10/ International Labour Organization. (2023). Data employment-Palm oil sector Malaysia. https://webapps.ilo.org/ievaldiscovery/files/file/1537140 Loladze, A. (2024). Improving smallholder oil palm practices with precision agriculture. Agri Global Solutions. https://www.agriglobalsolutions.com/updates-insights/improving-smallholder-oil-palm-practices-with-precision-agriculture Mohd Hamizi. (2023). Penggunaan media sosial sebagai media baharu dan impaknya terhadap masyarakat Malaysia. Jurnal Perspektif, 15, 24–37. https://ojs.upsi.edu.my/index.php/PERS/article/view/8877 Nurul Hanis Izmir. (2023, November 16). Eksport minyak sawit Malaysia ke China meningkat pada 2023. TPM Fadhilah. Bernama. https://www.bernama.com/bm/news.php?id=2245072 Oyza, I., & Edwin, A. M. (2015). Effectiveness of social media networks as a strategic tool for organizational marketing management. The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 01(S2). https://doi.org/10.4172/1204-5357.S2-006 Peng, T. S., Lyndon, N., Hashim, K., & Aman, Z. (2021). The role of social media applications in palm oil extension services in Malaysia. Akademika, 91, 145–156. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/18483/ Peng, T. S., Lyndon, N., Humaira Ma Taib, Basaruddin, N. H., Aman, Z., Gan, S., & Tahir, Z. (2024). How does information and communication technology (ICT) affect oil palm agricultural practices? Geografia - Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2024-2003-07 Phung, A. (2025, Mei 5). Malaysia’s RM114 billion palm oil industry charts path to profitable sustainability. Business Today. https://www.businesstoday.com.my/2025/05/05/malaysias-rm114-billion-palm-oil-industry-charts-path-to-profitable-sustainability/ Rahim, A. A., Lee, P., & Basri, R. (2023). Early detection of red palm weevil using UAV and deep learning models. arXiv Preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.16862 Rahman, A. H. A., Abdullah, A., Selvadurai, S., Zakaria, S. Z. S., Lyndon, N., & Abidin, K. (2021). Social media literacy among oil palm smallholders in East Malaysia and association with oil palm integration practices. Sustainability, 13(24), 13802. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413802 Rizal, A. R. A., Nordin, S. M., & Rashid, R. A. (2023). Adoption of sustainability practices by smallholders: Examining social structure as determinants. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 39(2), 227–247. https://doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2023-3902-13 Salman, A., Saad, S., Abdullah, M. Y., Mohamad Salleh, M. A., & M. S., S. (2020). Diffusion of oil palm farming innovation amongst smallholders. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 7(3), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2020.03.006 Sharma, D. (2023, Disember 2). Regenerative agriculture for palm oil smallholders. Musim Mas. https://www.musimmas.com/resources/blogs/regenerative-agriculture/ Soelaiman, L., & Ekawati, S. (2022). The role of social media in enhancing business performance. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 653, 400–404. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220501.060 Stella, N., Ginting, B., Saidin, O. K., & Azwar, T. K. D. (2021). Oil palm industry digitalization for sustainable plantation production in community economic development. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 782(3), 032066. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/782/3/032066 Sum, S. M., Omar, M. Y., Ramli, Z., Manaf, A. A., & Zainol, R. M. (2023). Hubungan modal sosial terhadap aktiviti ekonomi pekebun kecil sawit. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2023-1904-15 Suraiya, I., Ahmad Raflis, C.O., & Azima, A.M. (2022). Faktor Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Sawit: Perspektif Pekebun Kecil. e-Bangi Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 19(6), 1-14. Tran, C. U., Limnirankul, B., Kramol, P., Sen, L. T. H., Hung, H. G., Kanjina, S., & Sirisunyaluck, R. (2024). Social media adoption for agricultural development: Insights from smallholders in Central Vietnam. Information Development, 40(1), 1-10 https://doi.org/10.1177/02666669241261355 Widiastuti, R. (2021). Digital agriculture development: Case study from TaniHub in Indonesia. FAO Digital Agriculture Report. https://www.fao.org/3/cb7213en/cb7213en.pdf Yusoff, N. H., Er, A. C., Tambi, N., & Abas, A. (2021). A scoping review of wellbeing and quality of life among oil palm smallholders. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 18(Special Issue 2), 11. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350004615
The Elderly's Self-Presentation on Social Media: An Examination of How it Influences Subjective Well-Being
The widespread adoption of social media has created new avenues for self-presentation. Advances in digital technology and the widespread adoption of smartphones have significantly increased the convenience of online social interaction. With the aging of China's population, an increasing number of the elderly are using social media platforms to enhance their social engagement and well-being. A widely accepted study by Korean scholars Kim and Lee on the relationship between online self-presentation and subjective well-being primarily examined the impact of positive and honest self-presentation, number of friends, and perceived social support on the subjective well-being of American college students. Based on the existing literature, this paper examines whether the original influencing factors have a positive impact on subjective well-being from different target groups and social media platforms. This study used this as a framework to examine whether these factors also apply to older users. Furthermore, positive self-presentation indirectly influenced well-being through perceived social support, with perceived social support serving as a mediator of this relationship. Honest self-presentation reflects authentic needs and promotes inner coherence, while a larger social network provides social capital and support, further enhancing well-being. These insights contribute to understanding how digital self-presentation strategies support healthy aging and offer practical implications for designing social media features tailored to the health needs of older users. References Annamori, A. (2024). Contribution of psychological well-being to online self-presentation in active Instagram user students. Trend: International Journal of Trends in Global Psychological Science and Education, 2(1), 10–19. Bao, J., Wang, X. Y., Chen, C. H., & Zou, L. T. (2023). 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Games of Aging: A Literature Review on Traditional Tabletop Games as a Site of Physical Maintenance, Mental Vitality and Social Continuity
This study systematically examines the potential of traditional tabletop games as a low-cost, non-invasive psychosocial intervention to promote active and healthy aging. Against the backdrop of global population aging, older adults increasingly face challenges such as cognitive decline, social isolation and reduced physical mobility. While existing research acknowledges the value of tabletop games, it often focuses on isolated outcomes and suffers from methodological limitations-including non-standardized measurement tools, small sample sizes and short intervention durations-which restrict comprehensive conclusions. To address these gaps, this review adopts an interdisciplinary approach, integrating evidence from gerontology, cognitive psychology, public health and game studies. We propose a conceptual model that links specific game mechanics to health-promoting behaviours and aging-related outcomes, framing tabletop gaming not merely as leisure but as a culturally embedded practice with psychosocial benefits. Findings indicate that regular engagement with such games can enhance fine motor skills and hand and eye coordination, slow the progression of cognitive decline, particularly in memory and executive functions and strengthen social connections, thereby reducing feelings of loneliness. The study concludes that traditional tabletop games represent a highly accessible, enjoyable and scalable intervention that can effectively complement formal health and social services. They offer a practical, sustainable strategy to mitigate complex aging-related challenges, especially in resource-limited settings and community-based care environments. Alavi, K., Sail, R. M., Idris, K., Abu Samah, A., & Chan, C. (2011). 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The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 73(suppl_1), S38-S47. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx147
Financial Involvement of Ethnic Youth in Malaysia towards Increasing Human Capital
Youth are the catalyst for national development. The rise and fall of a country depends on quality youth in leading the country and is a determinant of the direction of national development and progress. This study aims to identify aspects of the level of financial involvement and quality of human capital among youth in Malaysia. This study was conducted as a survey using a questionnaire instrument involving 847 youth of various ethnicities, namely Malays, Chinese and Indians, in Peninsular Malaysia. The sample was selected according to geographical zones (north, south, central and east) in a stratified and simple random manner. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 software to produce descriptive statistical analysis. The study found that the level of financial involvement of ethnic youth was at a moderately high level, while the level of human capital quality in terms of personal financial stability was moderately high. This finding highlights that ethnic youth generally demonstrate a fairly strong level of financial involvement and stability, suggesting that while they possess a good foundation in managing personal finances, there is still room for improvement to reach a high or optimal level of financial capability. Therefore, this study shows the need to increase involvement in economic activities to increase income, which can have a positive impact on individuals' ability to manage urban life more effectively. References Adiputra, I. G., Suprastha, N., & Tania, L. (2021). The influence of financial knowledge, financial attitude and locus of control on financial behavior of e-wallet users in Jakarta. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 27(1). https://cibg.org.au/3318 Akbar, R. P., & Armansyah, R. F. (2023). Perilaku keuangan generasi Z berdasarkan literasi keuangan, efikasi diri, dan gender. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis (JIMBis), 2(2), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.24034/jimbis.v2i2.5836 Akpur, U. (2020). Critical, reflective, creative thinking and their reflections on academic achievement. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 37, 100683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100683 Asih, S. W., & Khafid, M. (2020). Pengaruh financial knowledge, financial attitude dan income terhadap personal financial management behavior melalui locus of control sebagai variabel intervening. Economic Education Analysis Journal, 9(3), 748–767. https://doi.org/10.15294/eeaj.v9i1.42349 Atari, R., & Soleha, E. (2023). Pengaruh financial literacy, locus of control, dan self-efficacy terhadap financial behavior. JPEKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Keuangan, 7(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.26740/jpeka.v7n1.p1-17 Chen, F., Yu, D., & Sun, Z. (2023). Investigating the associations of consumer financial knowledge and financial behaviors of credit card use. 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(2020). School banding effects on student financial literacy acquisition in a standardised financial literacy curriculum. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-019-00491-z Huang, W., Liao, X., Li, F., & Yao, P. (2023). Does enrolling in finance-related majors improve financial habits? A case study of China’s college students. Asia Pacific Education Review, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-023-09856-y Jabatan Insolvensi Malaysia. (2023). Laporan statistik kebankrapan 2023. https://www.mdi.gov.my Jamil, M., Muhammad, D. Y., & Qureshi, D. N. (2021). Critical thinking skills development: Secondary school science teachers’ perceptions and practices. SJESR, 4(2), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss2 Karpagam, K., & Bansal, D. (2023). Financial literacy: A key to financial inclusion – A study. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8297677 Khalisharani, H. (2022). The influence of financial literacy and attitude towards financial behaviour amongst undergraduate students: A cross-country evidence. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.30.2.03 Kircaburun, S., Alhabash, S. B., Tosuntaş, M. D., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Uses and gratifications of problematic social media use among university students: A simultaneous examination of the Big Five personality traits, social media platforms, and social media use motivations. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18(3), 525–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9940-6 Kotera, Y., & Ting, S.-H. (2021). Positive psychology of Malaysian university students: Impacts of engagement, motivation, self-compassion, and well-being on mental health. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(1), 227–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00169-z Li, Y., Zuiker, V. S., Mendenhall, T. J., & Montalto, C. P. (2021). Parental financial socialization, financial experiences, and financial behaviors: Comparing Asian American and international Asian college students. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 32(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1891/JFCP-19-00008 Mohd, A. Y., Norazah, A. R., Nurul, S. A. M., & Nooraslinda, A. A. (2020). Determinants of debt management among Malaysian youth. Journal of Business and Social Development, 8(1), 45–55. Moreno-García, E., Salazar, N. L., & García-Santillán, A. (2022). Financial education in school of business students: Case study from Veracruz, Mexico. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 11(4), 1164–1175. https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2022.4.1164 Nair, D. S. (2023). Positive psychology: An effective strategy to combat stress. In Perspectives on stress and wellness management in times of crisis (pp. 126–141). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8565-1.ch008 Nisa, F. K., & Haryono, N. A. (2022). Pengaruh financial knowledge, financial attitude, financial self-efficacy, income, locus of control, dan lifestyle terhadap financial management behavior generasi Z di Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 10(1), 82–97. https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v10n1.p82-97 Noh, M. (2022). Effect of parental financial teaching on college students’ financial attitude and behavior: The mediating role of self-esteem. Journal of Business Research, 143, 298–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.054 Nuradli, R. S., Anuar, S. B. M., & Ahmad, A. A. (2020). Implications of COVID-19 on household financial well-being in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Society, 21(S1), 77–91. Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ... & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. The BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71 Parulian, B. (2022). Peran demografi sebagai variabel moderasi pada pengaruh literasi keuangan dan teknologi informasi terhadap perilaku keuangan. Jurnal Ilmiah, 11*(3). Pohan, M., Gunawan, A., Arif, M., & Jufrizen, J. (2021). Pengujian konstruk literasi keuangan mahasiswa. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 22(2), 291–303. https://doi.org/10.30596/jimb.v22i2.7080 Popovich, J. J., Loibl, C., Zirkle, C., & Whittington, M. S. (2020). Community college students’ response to a financial literacy intervention: An exploratory study. International Review of Economics Education, 34, 100182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iree.2020.100182 Pramitasari, M., Syarah, E. S., Risnawati, E., & Tanjung, K. S. (2023). Early childhood financial literacy: A systematic literature review. Journal of Islamic Early Childhood Education, 6(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.32505/atfaluna.v6i1.5724 Rachman, C., & Rochmawati. (2021). Dampak financial literacy, financial attitude, financial self-efficacy, social economic status, locus of control pada perilaku manajemen keuangan. Inovasi, 17(3), 417–429. Rahma, F. A., & Susanti, S. (2022). Pengaruh literasi keuangan, financial self-efficacy dan fintech payment terhadap manajemen keuangan pribadi mahasiswa. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(3), 3236–3247. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i3.2690 Ramos-Hernández, J. J., García-Santillán, A., & Molchanova, V. (2020). Financial literacy level on college students: A comparative descriptive analysis between Mexico and Colombia. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 9(1), 126–144. https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2020.1.126 Sahabuddin, Z. A., & Hadianto, B. (2023). Gender, financial literacy, and financial behavior among students. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 11(2), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.18488/73.v11i2.3367 Salas-Velasco, M. (2022). 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Digitalization and artificial knowledge for accountability in SCM: A systematic literature review. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-08-2022-0275 Wong, C. Y., & Tan, L. Y. (2020). Financial management practices and financial well-being among university students. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 25(1), 24–39. Lee, S. N., & Ogawa, C. (2021). Online teaching self-efficacy: How English teachers feel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Indonesian TESOL Journal, 3(1). Wu, Y. T., Chai, C. S., & Wang, L. J. (2022). Exploring secondary school teachers’ TPACK for video-based flipped learning: The role of pedagogical beliefs. Education and Information Technologies. Yap, C. S., & Abdullah, M. N. L. Y. (2022). Factors that influence primary school teachers’ self-efficacy in online teaching. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers and Teacher Education, 12(2), 12–28. Zulkifli, N., Ismail, M. N., Osman, G., & Yusoff, Z. (2022). A systematic literature review on waqf governance. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 19(4), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2022.1904.03
Penilaian Kualiti Perkhidmatan dan Kepuasan Pengadu dalam Penguatkuasaan Undang-undang Lalu Lintas: Kajian Kes di Kajang, Selangor (Assessing Service Quality and Complainant Satisfaction in Traffic Law Enforcement: A Case Study of Kajang, Selangor)
Tanggungjawab memastikan keselamatan dan ketenteraman awam memerlukan Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) menjalinkan hubungan yang kukuh dengan masyarakat, membolehkan penyampaian perkhidmatan berkesan yang memenuhi harapan rakyat. Antara perkhidmatan awam penting yang disediakan oleh PDRM ialah kaunter pertanyaan di balai polis, termasuk jabatan polis trafik, yang berfungsi sebagai titik hubungan kritikal antara orang ramai dan penguatkuasa undang-undang. Kualiti perkhidmatan di kaunter ini secara signifikan membentuk imej dan kepercayaan orang ramai terhadap organisasi. Maka, isu kajian yang ini adalah berkaitan kualiti perkhidmatan di kaunter pejabat pertanyaan di balai polis, khususnya balai polis trafik, yang berpotensi menjejaskan imej Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) serta kepuasan masyarakat dalam mendapatkan bantuan dan menyelesaikan urusan keselamatan dan ketenteraman rakyat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kepuasan pengadu dalam melaporkan kemalangan jalan raya dengan mengadaptasi model SERVQUAL. Pendekatan kuantitatif telah digunakan menggunakan soal selidik berstruktur, dengan maklum balas daripada 380 individu yang membuat laporan kemalangan jalan raya di Bahagian Siasatan Penguatkuasaan Trafik Daerah (BSPTD) Kajang. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensi. Oleh itu, dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap kepuasan yang tinggi dalam kalangan pengadu terhadap kualiti perkhidmatan yang diberikan, dan hubungan positif yang signifikan didapati antara dimensi kualiti perkhidmatan dan kepuasan pengadu. Kesimpulannya, kepuasan pengadu sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualiti perkhidmatan barisan hadapan yang disampaikan oleh pegawai polis dan anggota pentadbiran. Kajian itu mencadangkan bahawa penambahbaikan berterusan dalam penyampaian perkhidmatan di BSPTD Kajang dapat meningkatkan lagi kepercayaan orang ramai dan kualiti keseluruhan hubungan polis-masyarakat. Wawasan ini penting untuk membimbing penambahbaikan strategik dalam penyampaian perkhidmatan awam PDRM. Abstract: The responsibility of ensuring public safety and order requires the Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM) to establish strong relationships with the community, enabling effective service delivery that meets citizens' expectations. Among the essential public-facing services provided by PDRM is the inquiry counter at police stations, including traffic police departments, which serve as critical points of contact between the public and law enforcement. The quality of service at these counters significantly shapes the public image and trust in the organization. Therefore, the research issue concerns the quality of service at the inquiry counters in police stations, particularly the traffic police stations, which has the potential to affect the image of the Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM) as well as the public’s satisfaction in receiving assistance and resolving matters related to public safety and security. This study aims to assess complainant satisfaction in reporting road accidents by adapting the SERVQUAL model. A quantitative approach was employed using a structured questionnaire, with responses from 380 individuals who lodged traffic accident reports at Kajang District Traffic Enforcement Investigation Division (BSPTD). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicate a high level of satisfaction among complainants with the service quality provided, and a significant positive relationship was found between service quality dimensions and complainant satisfaction. In conclusion, complainant satisfaction is strongly influenced by the quality of frontline services delivered by police officers and administrative personnel. The study suggests that continuous improvements in service delivery at Kajang BSPTD could further enhance public trust and the overall quality of police-community relations. These insights are crucial for guiding strategic improvements in PDRM's public service delivery. Ali Shafiq, Md Imtiaz Mostafiz & Mutsumi Taniguchi. (2019). Using SERVQUAL to determine Generation Y’s satisfaction towards hoteling industry in Malaysia. Journal of Tourism Futures, 5(1), 62–74, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-01-2018-0004 Azizan, M. F., Daud, S., & Hamil, J. (2024). Kecekapan dan keberkesanan pengurusan perolehan kerajaan di Malaysia ke arah tadbir urus baik (Efficiency and effectiveness in Malaysian public procurement towards good governance). e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2103.28 Azman Ismail, Nurhayati Abd Rahman & Sulaiman Mohammed Khalid. (2018). Menilai kesan kualiti interaksi terhadap kepuasan pelanggan di kafetaria kolej kediaman UKM. Journal of Quality Measurement and Analysis, 14(2), 67-79. Azwar, H., Yudistira, S. & Edmizal, E. (2020). Improving Local Community Knowledge and Skills in Homestay Management. In 1st Progress in Social Science, Humanities and Education Research Symposium (PSSHERS 2019). (pp.6-9). https://doi.org/0.2991/assehr.k.200824.002 Brown, B. & Benedict, W.R. (2002). Perception of the police: Past findings, methodological issues, conceptual issues and policy implications. Policing: An International Journal, 25(3), 543-580. Caggiani, L., Camporeale, R., Marinelli, M., & Ottomanelli, M. (2018). User satisfaction based model for resource allocation in bike-sharing systems. Transport Policy, 80(1), 117–126. Eboli, L. & Mazzulla, G. (2015). Relationships between rail passengers’ satisfaction and service quality: a framework for identifying key service factors. Public Transport, 7(2): 185-201. Haghighat, N. (2017). Airline service quality evaluation: A review on concepts and models. Economic, Management and Sustainability, 2(1), 31–47. Kleisari, L. & Markaki, E.N. (2019). The impact of the perceived service quality on revisit intention in the tourism industry: A conceptual framework of strategic approach and analysis. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, (3): 30-40. Kotler, P. & Keller, K.L. (2012). Marketing Management. Edisi ke-14. United State: Prentice Hall. Krejcie, R.V. & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. 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N., Saad, R., & Mokhtar, S. S. M. (2022). Examining industry-specific after-sales service quality towards the level of customer loyalty: A case of Malaysian national carmakers. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 19(4), 70–93. Saumi, M. F., & Zolkepli, I. A. (2017). Kelestarian kualiti perkhidmatan ekopelancongan: Aplikasi model analisa ‘gap’ bagi memahami kepuasan pelancong zoo Malaysia. Jurnal Pengurusan, 49, 141–154. Shakeerah Mohd Shukri, Mohd Shukri Ab Yajid, JacqulineTham (2020) Role of Responsiveness, Reliability and Tangibility on Customer Satisfaction. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(1), 1007-1013. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.127 Sigit Sugiarto, & Vivi Octaviana. (2021). Service quality (SERVQUAL) dimensions on customer satisfaction: Empirical evidence from bank study. Golden Ratio of Marketing and Applied Psychology of Business, 1(2), 93-106. Tang, R. Q., Tan, Y. J., Tan, Z. X., Tan, Y. T., Almawad, G., & Alosaimi, A. (2022). A study of courier service quality and customer satisfaction. International Journal of Applied Business and International Management (IJABIM), 7(1), 137–150. Tzavlopoulos, I., Gotzamani, K., Andronikidis, A., & Vassiliadis, C. (2019). Determining the impact of e-commerce quality on customers’ perceived risk, satisfaction, value and loyalty. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 11(4), 576–587. Wirtz, J., & Lovelock, C. (2022). Services marketing (9th ed.). World Scientific Publishing Co. Wulan, E. R., & Husaeni, U. A. (2015). Analysis of the variables that affect bookstore customer satisfaction. International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 3(2), 27–36. Zainuddin, M. B., & Syed Ismail al-Qudsy, S. H. B. (2020). Aduan awam terhadap pengurusan halal: Analisis pencapaian piagam pelanggan di JAKIM (Public complaint on halal management: Client charter’s achievement by JAKIM). e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 17(2), 119–135. Zulfamy Mat Udi. (2018). Faktor kepuasan pelanggan terhadap perkhidmatan Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Koperasi Dan Kepenggunaan Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya dan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Tesis Dr. Fal, Ekologi Manusia], Universiti Putra Malaysia
Systematic Literature Review on the Influence of Social Media on Women’s Consumption in China
The rapid advancement of digital technology has facilitated the convergence of commerce and social media, transforming patterns of consumer behaviour worldwide. In China, this transformation has given rise to the so-called “Her economy,” reflecting women’s growing purchasing power and influence in shaping market trends. This study systematically reviews the literature on the influence of social media on women’s consumption by applying the PRISMA framework to identify, screen, and select relevant studies. A total of 43 articles published between 2020 and 2025 were examined through thematic analysis to synthesise key findings. The review shows that social media provides women with new spaces for self-expression, product evaluation, and more informed decision-making, thereby contributing to consumer empowerment. At the same time, however, women remain subject to gendered marketing strategies that risk reinforcing stereotypes and alienating their diverse needs and desires. Findings further indicate that the dynamics of women’s consumption in China are shaped by the interplay between digital platforms, consumer agency, and commercial practices, which reflects both empowerment and constraint. Despite these insights, current studies display limited engagement with post-feminist perspectives that could illuminate how gender norms continue to influence digital consumption. Methodologically, most research relies heavily on self-reported data, overlooking digital traces that capture consumers’ immediate responses to social media content. Future studies should therefore integrate survey methods with digital content analysis to provide a more comprehensive understanding of women’s consumption patterns in the digital era. References Bläse, R., Filser, M., Kraus, S., Puumalainen, K., & Moog, P. (2024). Non‐sustainable buying behavior: How the fear of missing out drives purchase intentions in the fast fashion industry. 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The roles of emotional responses, gender, materialism and self-control. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1011337 Fan, J., Peng, L., Chen, T., & Cong, G. (2024). Mining the impact of social media information on public green consumption attitudes: A framework based on ELM and text data mining. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02649-7 Fang, Y., & Chan, K. L. G. (2024). A Review of Literature on Women Employment Discrimination in China. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(3), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2103.04 Halim, T. M., & Kiatkawsin, K. (2021). Beauty and celebrity: Korean entertainment and its impacts on female indonesian viewers’ consumption intentions. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(3), 1–19. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031405 Hu, L., Filipescu, D. A., & Pergelova, A. (2024). Understanding SMEs’ internationalization through digital platforms: The role of knowledge sharing and consumer education. International Marketing Review, 41(5), 1044–1073. https://doi.org/10.1108/imr-09-2023-0252 Huang, G., Guo, F., Liu, L., Taksa, L., Cheng, Z., Tani, M., Zimmermann, K. F., Franklin, M., & Silva, S. S. M. (2024). Changing impact of COVID-19 on life expectancy 2019–2023 and its decomposition: Findings from 27 countries. SSM - Population Health, 25. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101568 Li, H., & Pan, Y. (2023). Impact of interaction effects between visual and auditory signs on consumer purchasing behavior based on the AISAS Model. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 18(3), 1548–1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer18030078 Li, Y., Yu, X., Qi, R., & Petrick, J. (2025). Women empowerment in restaurants: Effects of femvertising, purplewashing and feminist identity on consumers’ willingness to pay a premium. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 37(2), 580–601. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2024-0398 Liu, Y. (2024). “I want to be a bridge”? The digital identity positioning of transnational bloggers on Chinese social media platforms: Between ethnic differences and cultural affinities. Media, Culture & Society, 46(1), 130–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437231188451 Molinar, I. (2023). The Patriarchy Becomes That Girl: Tiktok And The Mediatization Of Hegemonic Femininity. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/1644 Rathee, S., Banker, S., Mishra, A., & Mishra, H. (2023). Algorithms propagate gender bias in the marketplace—With consumers’ cooperation. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 33(4), 621–631. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1351 Santos, Z. R., Cheung, C. M., Coelho, P. S., & Rita, P. (2022). Consumer engagement in social media brand communities: A literature review. 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International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 19(4), 2013–2036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-023-00869-y Wang, S., Chan, K. L. G., & Abdullah, A. (2024). A Critical Review of Women’s Consumption and Empowerment in China. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2101.44 Witt, U. (2010). Symbolic consumption and the social construction of product characteristics. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 21(1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2009.11.008 Xiao, Y., Liu, M., & Wu, B. (2023). The Effect of Social Appearance Anxiety on the Online Impulse Purchases of Fashionable Outfits Among Female College Students During Pandemic Periods: The Mediating Role of Self-Control and the Moderating Role of Subjective Socioeconomic Status. Psychology Research and Behavior ManagemenT, 16, 303–318. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S392414 Xu, M., Rosario-Williams, B., Kline, E. A., & Miranda, R. (2022). Social Cognitive Mechanisms Between Psychological Maltreatment and Adolescent Suicide Ideation: Race/Ethnicity and Gender as Moderators. Psychology of Violence, 12(6), 393–402. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000447 Zhang, Z., & Li, W. (2022). Customer Engagement Around Cultural and Creative Products: The Role of Social Identity. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.874851a
The Impact of Online Advertising Exposure on Buying Decisions in Facebook Marketplace among Postgraduate Students: A Case Study of UiTM’s Mass Communication Students
Online advertising is becoming more important in marketing due to platforms like Facebook Marketplace that facilitate interaction between businesses and customers. Focusing on postgraduate Mass Communication students at Malaysia's Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), this study contributes significant theoretical and practical insights of online advertising on the tendency of customers to make purchases. This study investigates how online advertising may impact the purchase behavior of these students at a time when social media plays an increasingly important role in product discovery and transactions. The study used a quantitative technique and surveyed 170 postgraduate students from UiTM's Shah Alam campus. Ad recall, and attitudes toward online advertisements are important elements affecting purchase decisions. The results show that these parameters are positively correlated with purchase intentions, which means that students' interaction with Facebook Marketplace advertisements greatly influences their purchasing choices. Considering these results, companies and marketers should tailor their online advertising campaigns to appeal to the tastes and habits of tech-savvy youth. Furthermore, Facebook Marketplace can improve its platform to meet the increasing demand for online buying. By zeroing in on a particular audience and medium, our study adds to what is already known and contributes significant theoretical and practical insights on how digital advertising is changing. The study also contributes to theoretical understanding by confirming the AIDA model's relevance in modern digital advertising ecosystems. References Alhalaybeh, A., & Althunibat, A. (2023). Measuring acceptance of adoption Metaverse in eLearning by using the TAM model. 2023 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT), 361–366. https://doi.org/10.1109/icit58056.2023.10226171 Alshehri, M., Alamri, A., Cristea, A. I., & Stewart, C. D. (2021). Towards designing profitable courses: Predicting student purchasing behaviour in MOOCs. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 31(2), 215–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00246-2 Baines, P., Rosengren, S., & Antonetti, P. (2022). Digital and social media marketing. Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1093/hebz/9780192893468.003.0019 Bhagat, M. (2022). Consumer buying behaviour towards online shopping. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 11(6), 180–185. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr22602152524 Bleier, A., & Eisenbeiss, M. (2015). Personalized online advertising effectiveness: The interplay of what, when, and where. Marketing Science, 34(5), 669–688. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0930 Budiman, S. (2021). The effects of social media on brand image and brand loyalty in generation Y. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 1339–1347. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no3.1339 Celebi, S. I. (2015). How do motives affect attitudes and behaviors toward online advertising and Facebook advertising? Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 312–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.011 Choi, H., Mela, C. F., Balseiro, S. R., & Leary, A. (2020). Online display advertising markets: A literature review and future directions. Information Systems Research, 31(2), 556–575. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2019.0902 Content strategy of digital marketing. (2020). In Marketing strategy in the digital age (pp. 293–316). https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811216985_0008 Yanich, D. (2020). Political ads. In Buying reality (pp. 75–97). https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv102bj14.7 Deepak, R. (2020). The Internet’s potential: A study of Indian news sites. SEARCH Journal of Media and Communication Research, 51. Einstein, M. (2017). From advertising to marketing. In Advertising. https://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190625887.003.0001 Ferguson, C. J., Van Den Broek, E. L., & Van Oostendorp, H. (2020). On the role of interaction mode and story structure in virtual reality serious games. Computers & Education, 143, 103671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103671 Forecasting methodology (provided by Statista). (2021). In UNCTAD ICT policy review and national e-commerce strategy for Botswana (pp. 154–156). https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210058636c011 Guixeres, J., Bigné, E., Ausín Azofra, J. M., Alcañiz Raya, M., Colomer Granero, A., Fuentes Hurtado, F., & Naranjo Ornedo, V. (2017). Consumer neuroscience-based metrics predict recall, liking, and viewing rates in online advertising. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01808 Gwinn, R., & Krajbich, I. (2020). Attitudes and attention. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 86, 103892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103892 Harrigan, P., Daly, T. M., Coussement, K., Lee, J. A., Soutar, G. N., & Evers, U. (2021). Identifying influencers on social media. International Journal of Information Management, 56, 102246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102246 Ibrahim, Bujang, Bibi, Sadikin, Bujang, & Ambi. (2023). The impact of ICT in empowering Sarawak women in home-based business communities. e-Bangi: Jurnal Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, 20(4), 381. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.33 Lammenett, E. (2019). Facebook. In Praxiswissen online-marketing (pp. 361–378). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25135-2_13 MacRury, I. (2024). Digital advertising histories and futures. In Digital advertising evolution (pp. 23–39). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003168485-3 Marketing environment in the digital transformation. (2020). In Marketing strategy in the digital age (pp. 3–45). https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811216985_0001 Mgoduka, S., Kaseeram, I., & Heeralal, S. (2024). An investigation on the extent of usage and challenges faced by tourism SMEs concerning e-marketing: Empowering co-creation of value. e-Bangi: Jurnal Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, 21(2), 477. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/23784/1/469-481%2074714-246006-1-PB.pdf Nikhashemi, P. S. R., Paim, L., & Sharifi, S. (2013). The effectiveness of e-advertisement towards customer purchase intention: Malaysian perspective. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 10(3), 93–104. Poniatowski, M. (2023). How displaying the purchase count of online shops in online review systems affects purchase intention. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4602697 Tanha, M. A. (2020). Exploring the credibility and self-presentation of Insta micro-celebrities in influencing the purchasing decisions of Bangladeshi users. 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Representation of the Citizen-initiated White Flag movement in Malaysian newspapers
This study analysed Malaysian English and Malay newspaper coverage of the citizen-led White Flag (WF) movement using the Discourse Historical Approach. The movement involved people in need hanging a white cloth to request community aid. Analysis of 87 articles in 10 newspapers published in June–July 2021 showed that Malays were most frequently portrayed as needing help, followed by Chinese, Indians, Indigenous people and foreigners. Malay newspapers tended to depict more female recipients and male helpers compared to English newspapers. Across all newspapers, aid was mostly attributed to politicians, government agencies and individuals, and recipients were commonly framed as grateful but distressed rather than exploitative. Most articles legitimised WF as a timely citizen response, while a few highlighted abuse of aid. Minor counter-arguments questioned faith, government capability or personal resilience. Helper perspectives dominated over the voices of those in need. Newspapers used direct speech to personalise suffering and indirect speech to generalise collective responsibility. Modal verbs expressing mitigation and intensification appeared in almost equal measure, with Malay articles stressing duty while English reports conveyed contingency. The findings show how newspapers framed need, aid and responsibility through ethnic, gendered and moral lenses. References Arai, S. M., & Pedlar, A. M. (1997). Building communities through leisure: Citizen participation in a healthy communities initiative. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(2), 167-182. https://doi:10.1080/00222216.1997.11949792 Arandas, M. F., Chang, P. K., Mohamad, E. M. W., & Idid, S. A. (2018). Framing the reaction of President Abbas on the issue of moving the US embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 15(5), 181-192. https://doi: 10.17613/9n0x-bc95 Auethavornpipat, R., & Tanyag, M. (2021). Protests and pandemics: civil society mobilisation in Thailand and the Philippines during COVID-19. New Mandala. https://www.newmandala.org/protests-and-pandemics-civil-society-mobilisation-in-thailand-and-the-philippine/ Bhowmik, M. K., Kennedy, K. J., Chan, A. H. T., & Gube, J. C. C. (2025). “Heroes and Villains”: Media constructions of minoritized groups in Hong Kong’s season of discontent. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 60(3), 1353-1371. https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096231192326 Dermawan, A. (2021, January 7). Signature campaign to reinstate 4 infrastructure projects for Penang [NSTTV]. https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2021/01/655316/signature-campaign-reinstate-4-infrastructure-projects-penang-nsttv Dumitrica, D., & Achterberg, E. (2017). Digital activism and the civic subject position: A study of the Ons Geld (Our Money) citizen initiative in the Netherlands. 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Asian Social Science, 10(6), 81–88. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n6p81. Jeffreys, E., & Xu, J. (2017): Celebrity-inspired, Fan-driven: Doing philanthropy through social media in Mainland China. Asian Studies Review, 41(2), 244-262. https://doi: 10.1080/10357823.2017.1294145 Kwan, J. Y. (2022). ‘Democracy and active citizenship are not just about the elections’: Youth civic and political participation during and beyond Singapore’s nine-day pandemic election (GE2020). Young, 30(3), 247-264. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/11033088211059595 Lai, K. M. L., Ong, T. W. S., & Ting, S. H. (2022). Sign of the times: Framing the grievances of the 2019-2020 Hong Kong protests. International Journal of Language Studies, 16(3), 61-82. http://www.ijls.net/pages/volume/vol16no3.html Michael, E. (2025). Aung San Suu Kyi & The speech at Shwedagon Pagoda. Pepperdine Journal of Communication Research, 13(1), Article 18. Noinam, S., Piaseu, N., Junda, T., Tantiprasoplap, S., Kraithaworn, P., Krongthaeo, S., ... & Srisuk, W. (2024). Civil society involvement in managing the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of a large and congested urban community in Bangkok, Thailand. Health Equity, 8(1), 269-278. https://doi: 10.1089/heq.2023.0215 Pongutta, S., Kantamaturapoj, K., Phakdeesettakun, K., & Phonsuk, P. (2021). The social impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on urban slums and the response of civil society organisations: A case study in Bangkok, Thailand. Heliyon, 7(5), e07161. https://doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07161 Prasetyo, K., & Arif, L. (2021). Civil society participation in efforts to prevent the spread COVID-19. Jurnal Administrasi Publik (Public Administration Journal), 11(1), 22-31. https://doi.org/10.31289/jap.v11i1.4118 Reisigl, M., & Wodak, R. (2017). The discourse-historical approach. In J. Flowerdew, & J. E. Richardson (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of critical discourse studies (pp. 87-121). Routledge. The World Factbook. (2024, July 8). Explore all countries: Malaysia. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malaysia/#people-and-society Wang, Y., Sannusi, S. N., & Abd Kadir, S. (2024). News framing of the 2022 Russian-Ukrainian conflict: A comparative analysis of CNN (USA) and CCTV (China) from a war and peace journalism perspective. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(4), 346-356. Yuen, S., Cheng, E. W., Or, N. H., Grépin, K. A., Fu, K. W., Yung, K. C., & Yue, R. P. (2021). A tale of two city-states: A comparison of the state-led vs civil society-led responses to COVID-19 in Singapore and Hong Kong. Global Public Health, 16(8-9), 1283-1303. https://doi: 10.1080/17441692.2021.1877769 Zulkifli, A. M. (2023, March 7). Most hardcore poor from Bumiputera community, says Rafizi. https://www.malaysianow.com/news/2023/03/07/most-hardcore-poor-from-bumiputera-community-says-rafizi
The Roots of Islamophobia: Christian Polemical Texts and the Formation of Fear
This paper explores the historical origins of Islamophobia by examining Christian polemical and apologetic texts produced between the 7th and 14th centuries. While the definition and contemporary application of Islamophobia remain debated in modern scholarship, this study contends that its conceptual and discursive roots can be traced to early Christian reactions to the rise and expansion of Islam. In response to the rapid Muslim conquest of traditionally Christian territories, Christian authors articulated a persistent image of Islam as a religious and civilizational threat. Through theological denunciation, cultural anxiety, and rhetorical hostility, these texts constructed Islam as the archetypal “Other.” Employing a comparative textual analysis, the study analyses central themes such as the denial of Islam’s legitimacy, the vilification of the Prophet Muhammad, accusations of idolatry, and depictions of Muslims as inherently violent or irrational. These representations functioned not only as theological critiques but also as cultural strategies of resistance, particularly in frontier regions such as 9th-century Al-Andalus, where Muslim dominance challenged Christian identity and authority. By situating medieval Christian discourses within a longue durée framework, the paper demonstrates how these early portrayals established narrative patterns that persist in contemporary forms of anti-Muslim sentiment. Drawing on key primary sources and interdisciplinary secondary literature, the study reveals the deep historical continuities that inform modern Islamophobia, underscoring its embeddedness in Western intellectual and cultural traditions. References Allen, C. (2010). Islamophobia. Ashgate. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10417825 Arjana, S. R. (2015). Muslims in the Western imagination. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199324927.001.0001 Berger, M. (2014). A brief history of Islam in Europe: Thirteen centuries of creed, conflict and coexistence. Amsterdam University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9789400601505 Bravo López, F. (2011). Towards a definition of Islamophobia: Approximations of the early twentieth century. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 34(4), 556–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2010.528440 Bukhtawer Pervaz, & Tahama Asad. (2022). Muslims’ coherent strategy against the rise of Islamophobia in France. Islamophobia Studies Journal, 7(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.13169/islastudj.7.1.0056 Constable, O. R. (2010). Medieval encounters: Muslim-Jewish-Christian relations in the Middle Ages. Routledge. Daniel, N. (1993). Islam and the West: The making of an image. Oneworld Publications. Francisco, A. (2007). Martin Luther and Islam: A study in sixteenth-century polemics and apologetics. Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004160439.i-260 Fulcher of Chartres. (1969). A history of the expedition to Jerusalem, 1095-1127. University of Tennessee Press. Hafez, F. (2018). Schools of Thought in Islamophobia Studies: Prejudice, Racism, and Decoloniality. Islamophobia Studies Journal, 4(2), 210–225. https://doi.org/10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0210 Garner, S., & Selod, S. (2015). The racialization of Muslims: Empirical studies of Islamophobia. Critical Sociology, 41(1), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920514531606 Green, T. H. (2015). The fear of Islam: An introduction to Islamophobia in the West. Fortress Press. http://site.ebrary.com/id/11047132 Griffith, S. H. (2008). The church in the shadow of the mosque: Christians and Muslims in the world of Islam. Princeton University Press. Hargreaves, A. G. (2016). Multi-ethnic France: Immigration, politics, culture and society. Routledge. Hill, R. (1979). Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolymitanorum = The deeds of the Franks and the other pilgrims to Jerusalem. Clarendon Press Oxford. Hoon, Lim Lai (2021). Media framing on Muslims and Islam in Christchurch Mosque attack: A content analysis of The Press and New York Times online news. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 18(5), 157–174. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2203.04 Hoyland, R. G. (2001). Seeing Islam as others saw it: A survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian writings on early Islam. Darwin Press. Janosik, D., & Riddell, P. G. (2016). John of Damascus, first apologist to the Muslims: The Trinity and Christian apologetics in the early Islamic period. Pickwick Publications. Kepel, G., & Jardin, A. (2017). Terror in France: The rise of jihad in the West. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400884643 Khoury, A. T. (1969). Les théologiens byzantins et l’Islam. Éditions Nauwelaerts Louvain. Lulle, R. (1992). Le livre du gentil et des trois sages. Éditions de l’Éclat. Mabvurira, V., & Yasin, A. (2023). Islamophobia and the challenge of being Muslim in institutions of higher learning in Zimbabwe. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 20(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2002.01 Menocal, M. R. (2002). The ornament of the world: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians created a culture of tolerance in medieval Spain. Little, Brown. Quellien, A. (1910). La Politique musulmane dans l’Afrique occidentale française (Larose). Rhodes, D. Bryan. (2009). John Damascene in Context: An Examination of “The Heresy of the Ishmaelites” with special consideration given to the Religious, Political, and Social Contexts during the Seventh and Eighth Century Arab Conquests Ma. Thesis, Liberty University. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/masters/71 Riley-Smith, J. (2005). The Crusades: A history (2nd ed.). Yale University Press. Runnymede Trust. (1997). Islamophobia: A challenge for us all. Runnymede Trust. Runnymede Trust. (2017). Islamophobia: Still a challenge for us all. Runnymede Trust. https://assets.website-files.com/61488f992b58e687f1108c7c/61bcd30e26cca7688f7a5808_Islamophobia%20Report%202018%20FINAL.pdf Saga, C. M. (2007). Paul Albar of Cordoba: studies on his life and writings. Kessinger Publishing. Sahas, D. J. (1972). John of Damascus on Islam: The “Heresy of the Ishmaelites”. Brill. Sarti, L. (2023). Byzantine History and Stories in the Frankish »Chronicle of Fredegar« (c. 613–662). Francia, 3-22 Seiten. https://doi.org/10.11588/FR.2021.1.93851 Shahîd, I. (1984). Rome and the Arabs: A prolegomenon to the study of Byzantium and the Arabs. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. Southern, R. W. (1962). Western views of Islam in the Middle Ages. Harvard University Press. Sweetenham, C. (2005). Robert the Monk’s History of the First Crusade = Historia Iherosolimitana. Ashgate. Theophanes, approximately 818, & Turtledove, H. (1982). The chronicle of Theophanes: An English translation of anni mundi 6095-6305 (A.D. 602-813). University of Pennsylvania Press. Thobani, S. (2021). Contesting Islam, constructing race and sexuality: The inordinate desire of the West. Bloomsbury Academic. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=2653507 Thomas, D. (2018). Christian-Muslim relations: A bibliographical history (Vols. 1–12). Leiden: Brill. Tieszen, C. L. (2013). Christian identity amid Islam in medieval Spain. Boston : Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004192294. Tolan, J. (2009). L’Europe latine et le monde arabe au Moyen Âge : Cultures en conflit et en convergence. Presses universitaires de Rennes. Tolan, J. V., Veinstein, G., Laurens, H., & Todd, J. M. (2013). Europe and the Islamic world: A history. Princeton University Press Princeton. Tolan, J. V. (2002). Saracens: Islam in the medieval European imagination. Columbia University Press. Turtledove, H. (1982). The Chronicle of Theophanes: An English translation of anni mundi 6095-6305 (A.D. 602-813). University of Pennsylvania Press.
Konvensyen Perlindungan Fizikal Bahan Nuklear (CPPNM) dan Pindaan (CPPNM/A): Di Manakah Malaysia? (Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) and its Amendment (CPPNM /A): Where does Malaysia Stand?)
Malaysia telah menunjukkan usaha ke arah meratifikasi Konvensyen Perlindungan Fizikal Bahan Nuklear (CPPNM) dan Pindaan 2005 (CPPNM/A), termasuk semasa penyertaannya dalam Sidang Kemuncak Keselamatan Nuklear 2010–2016, serta meluluskan Rang Undang-Undang Perlesenan Tenaga Atom (Pindaan) 2025. Rang Undang-Undang Perlesenan Tenaga Atom (Pindaan) 2025 ini memodenkan Akta 304 dan mewujudkan asas perundangan bagi Malaysia untuk menyertai CPPNM dan pindaannya. Namun begitu, sehingga kini Malaysia masih belum konvensyen tersebut. Kajian terdahulu lebih banyak menumpukan kepada tren serantau dalam pelaksanaan dan ratifikasi CPPNM dan CPPNM/A. Artikel ini menyumbang kepada wacana sedia ada dalam dua cara yang signifikan. Pertama, ia mengaplikasikan pendekatan berfokus dengan meneliti Malaysia secara khusus, termasuk cabaran undang-undang, institusi dan dasar yang menghalang proses ratifikasinya. Kedua,dengan mengambil iktibar daripada pengalaman negara-negara lain yang telah berjaya meratifikasi Konvensyen ini, kajian ini mengemukakan cadangan dasar yang bersasar bagi mengatasi halangan dalam negeri serta mempercepatkan usaha Malaysia ke arah ratifikasi. Antara langkah konkrit yang boleh diambil termasuklah mendapatkan komitmen politik pada peringkat tertinggi, memastikan terdapat penyelarasan yang efektif dan padu antara agensi berkepentingan dan perlaksanaan penilaian objektif antara jurang yang masih wujud antara undang-undang sedia ada dan peraturan konvensyen, serta pelaksanaan undang-undang secara berperingkat. Seterusnya, libat urus yang bermakna dengan pihak berkepentingan, termasuklah dengan pihak bukan kerajaan serta komunikasi awam adalah penting untuk mendapatkan ‘buy-in’ menyeluruh bagi kejayaan proses tersebut. Tambahan lagi, Malaysia perlu terus bergiat dalam program serantau seperti program semakan rakan setara, latihan dan pembangunan keupayaan serantau. Abstract: Malaysia has taken steps toward ratifying the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) and its 2005 Amendment (CPPNM/A), including through its participation in the 2010–2016 Nuclear Security Summits and the passage of the Atomic Energy Licensing (Amendment) Bill 2025. This Bill modernises Act 304 and establishes the legal basis for Malaysia to accede to the CPPNM and its amendment. However, Malaysia has yet to ratify the convention. Prior studies have largely focused on regional trends in the implementation and ratification of the CPPNM and CPPNM/A. This article contributes to the existing discourse in two significant ways. First, it adopts a focused approach by examining Malaysia specifically, including the legal, institutional, and policy challenges that hinder its ratification process. Second, drawing lessons from countries that have successfully ratified the Convention, the study proposes targeted policy recommendations to overcome domestic obstacles and accelerate Malaysia’s path to ratification. Concrete measures include securing political commitment at the highest level; ensuring effective, cohesive inter-agency coordination; conducting an objective assessment of gaps between current legislation and the Convention’s requirements; and implementing legal measures in phases. In addition, meaningful stakeholder engagement, including with non-governmental actors, as well as public communication, is essential to build broad-based buy-in for the process. Finally, Malaysia should continue to participate actively in regional programmes such as peer reviews, training, and capacity-building initiatives. References Abdul Kareem, M. S. A. (2016). Implementation and enforcement of strategic trade controls in Malaysia. 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Hubungan Antara Amalan Pengurusan Keperluan Murid dengan Kemenjadian Murid Orang Asli (The Relationship Between the Practice of Managing Students Needs and the Outcomes of Orang Asli Students)
Kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneliti permasalahan berkaitan amalan pengurusan keperluan murid dalam kalangan guru besar sekolah rendah di penempatan Orang Asli yang masih kurang diberi perhatian dalam literatur pendidikan arus perdana. Dalam konteks pendidikan komuniti marginal, keperluan murid perlu diurus secara holistik oleh pemimpin sekolah agar potensi murid dapat berkembang dari aspek akademik, sahsiah dan kokurikulum. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji hubungan antara amalan pengurusan keperluan murid oleh guru besar dengan tahap kemenjadian murid Orang Asli. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian korelasi yang melibatkan seramai 342 orang guru dari sekolah rendah penempatan Orang Asli di Semenanjung Malaysia. Instrumen kajian berupa soal selidik yang dibina berasaskan teori Hierarki Keperluan Maslow dan kerangka kemenjadian murid SKPM Kualiti@Sekolah. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensi, termasuk analisis korelasi Pearson bagi menilai kekuatan hubungan antara pemboleh ubah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tahap amalan pengurusan keperluan murid adalah tinggi, manakala tahap kemenjadian murid juga berada pada tahap yang memuaskan dalam dimensi akademik, sahsiah, dan kokurikulum. Analisis korelasi mendapati wujud hubungan positif yang signifikan antara pengurusan keperluan murid dan kemenjadian murid. Implikasi kajian menegaskan bahawa guru besar yang responsif terhadap keperluan murid mampu meningkatkan potensi murid secara menyeluruh. Justeru, latihan kepimpinan sekolah disaran menitikberatkan pengurusan keperluan murid khususnya di sekolah berkomuniti terpinggir. Kajian ini seterusnya menyumbang kepada dasar pendidikan yang berfokuskan kepimpinan instruksional yang inklusif, peka budaya dan berpusatkan murid. budaya. Abstract: This This study was conducted to address the issue of student needs management practices among headmasters in Orang Asli primary schools, an area that has received limited attention in mainstream educational literature. Within the context of marginalised communities, student needs must be managed holistically by school leaders to ensure that students’ potential is fully developed across academic, personal, and co-curricular domains. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the relationship between headmasters’ management of student needs and the overall student outcomes in Orang Asli schools. The study employed a quantitative correlational design involving 342 teachers from primary schools located in Orang Asli settlements across Peninsular Malaysia. The research instrument was a questionnaire developed based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and the SKPM Kualiti@Sekolah framework of student outcomes. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation to measure the strength of relationships between variables. The findings revealed that the level of student needs management practices was high, while student outcomes were also recorded at satisfactory levels across academic, personal, and co-curricular dimensions. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a significant positive relationship between student needs management and student outcomes. The implications highlight that headmasters who are responsive to students’ needs can enhance students’ holistic development. Therefore, school leadership training is recommended to prioritise student needs management, especially in marginalised community schools. This study contributes to educational policy by reinforcing inclusive, culturally sensitive, and student-centred instructional leadership practices. Abdul Rahman. (2021). Pelajar Orang Asli ketinggalan PdPR, pembukaan sekolah penyelesaian terbaik. https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/pelajar-orang-asli-ketinggalan-pdpr-pembukaan-sekolah-penyelesaian-terbaik-abdul-rahman-320469 Abdullah, A. H. (2022). A Systematic Review of What Malaysia Can Learn to Improve Orang Asli Students’ Mathematics Learning from Other Countries. Sustainability, 14(20), 13201. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013201 Ahmad, B. E., Abdullah, M. A., Shariff, T. I. S. T., Nor, M. Y. M., Ismail, M. R., & Mohd Akhir, N. F. L. (2022). Being successful in school: A case study of the Orang Asli (Aboriginal People) of Malaysia. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 11(4), 1787. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i4.23051 Amran, N. F. N., Hashim, N. F., Jumadi, M. K. N., Mohamad Jamil, N., Ibrahim, N., Sagin, C., & Husin, M. R. (2022). Pengurusan Alam Pembelajaran di Sekolah Kebangsaan Nanga Temalat Sarawak. 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Research Methods in Education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203224342 Cowan, J. (2011). Research methods in education – By Louis Cohen et al. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2011.01222.x Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. Daud, N., & Othman, M. S. (2025). Factors For the Dropout of Temiar Indigenous Students’ Education in Secondary Schools in Small District of Sungai Siput (U), Perak. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 10(57), 624–643. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEPC.1057040 Fadhilah, N. (2024). Education Management in Multicultural Schools: Building Tolerance and Inclusion. Gestion Educativa, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.62872/vredaq68 Hallinger, P. (2018). Bringing context out of the shadows of leadership. 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Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308 Leithwood, K., & Sun, J. (2012). The Nature and Effects of Transformational School Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Review of Unpublished Research. Educational Administration Quarterly - EDUC ADMIN QUART, 48, 387–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X11436268 Martin, A. J., Ginns, P., Anderson, M., Gibson, R., & Bishop, M. (2021). Motivation and Engagement Among Indigenous (Aboriginal Australian) and Non-Indigenous Students. Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2021.1879994 Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346 Muhammad, N. A., & Alias, B. S. (2020). Amalan Pemimpin dalam Memenuhi Keperluan Murid dan Tahap Pencapaian Murid Golongan B40 di Negeri Kelantan. 14–16. Muhammad, N., & Mydin Kutty, F. (2021). Hubungan Antara Pembelajaran Regulasi Kendiri dan Motivasi Terhadap Pencapaian Akademik. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(9), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i9.1006 Nordin, R., Hassan@Yahya, M. S., Rui Fern, V. W., Cherley, M., & Bala Subramaniam, L. (2020). Indigenous Education for the Orang Asli: Legal Perspectives and Best Practices. Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS), 5(2), 365–383. https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp365-383 Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory (Issue 972). McGraw-Hill Companies, Incorporated. https://books.google.com.my/books?id=r0fuAAAAMAAJ Othman, I. W. (2022). Educating Orang Asli Students: The Challenges Towards Achieving the Malaysian Sustainable Education Agenda. Jurnal Intelek, 17(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.24191/ji.v17i1.15845 Razak, A. Z. A. (2022). Education transformation of Orang Asli students in Malaysia. In Education in Malaysia (pp. 34–48). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003244769-3 Rosniza Aznie, C. R., Nor Hazlinda, S., & Novel, L. (2025). Kefahaman Dan Pengalaman Literasi Dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Orang Asli Pahang. E-Bangi Journal of Social Science and Humanities. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860 Sun, J., & Leithwood, K. (2015). Leadership Effects on Student Learning Mediated by Teacher Emotions. Societies, 5(3), 566–582. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc5030566 Yaakub, M. Y., & Mohd Hamzah, M. I. (2020). Kepimpinan Distributif Pemimpin Sekolah: Isu Dan Cabaran. Pengurusan Dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan. Yahaya, Y., & Alias, B. S. (2024). The Impact of Student Affairs Management Practices on Teacher Commitment in Indigenous Schools: A Review and Future Research Directions. Theory And Practice, 2024(4), 10164–10175. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i4.6186 Yew, W. C., Md Ramlan, S. F., Ahmad, M. R., Ab Manaf, N., Lyndon, N., & Lim, J. W. (2021). Persepsi Ibu Papa Orang Asli Terhadap Pengalaman Pendidikan Anak-anak Orang Asli di Sekolah. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(12), 24–39. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i12.1199 Zakaria, I., Mat Yasim, J., Mohd Nor, M. Y., & Alias. Bity Salwana. (2021). Hubungan dan Pengaruh Profesionalisme Guru Terhadap Kemenjadian Murid di Sekolah Menengah Negeri Sembilan. In ASEAN Comparative Education Research Journal on Islam and Civilization (ACER-J) (Vol. 4, Issue 2).
Keretakan Komunikasi dan Implikasinya terhadap Pembubaran Perkahwinan Pasangan Muslim (Communication Breakdown and Its Implications for the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages)
Komunikasi merupakan asas penting dalam pembinaan dan kelangsungan institusi perkahwinan. Hubungan yang harmoni terbentuk apabila pasangan mampu meluahkan perasaan, memahami antara satu sama lain serta menyelesaikan konflik secara matang. Namun, laporan terkini menunjukkan kegagalan komunikasi menjadi faktor utama keretakan rumah tangga, khususnya dalam kalangan pasangan muda. Artikel ini bertujuan mengenal pasti pola komunikasi yang menyumbang kepada pembubaran perkahwinan berdasarkan pandangan lapan orang pakar dalam bidang kekeluargaan Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui temu bual separa berstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis tematik. Informan terdiri daripada kaunselor, pegawai agama, ahli akademik, pengamal undang-undang dan pendakwah yang berpengalaman mengendalikan kes rumah tangga. Dapatan kajian menonjolkan lima bentuk komunikasi destruktif yang berulang dalam hubungan pasangan iaitu pengunduran emosi (stonewalling), sarkasme, keengganan berkomunikasi, kekurangan komunikasi dan gangguan teknologi komunikasi. Corak komunikasi ini bukan sahaja menjarakkan pasangan secara emosi tetapi juga mendorong kepada perceraian secara berperingkat. Kajian ini terhad kepada perspektif pakar, justeru kajian lanjutan boleh mempertimbangkan pengalaman langsung pasangan bermasalah untuk memperluas kefahaman. Implikasi praktikal hasil kajian ini amat penting bagi agensi kerajaan, institusi keluarga Islam dan pembangun modul pra perkahwinan, khususnya dalam merangka strategi pencegahan perceraian yang menekankan pemulihan komunikasi dan sokongan emosi dalam rumah tangga. Abstract: Communication is a crucial foundation for the establishment and sustainability of marriage. Harmonious relationships are nurtured when spouses are able to express emotions, understand each other, and resolve conflicts with maturity. However, recent reports indicate that communication breakdowns have become a major factor contributing to marital dissolution, particularly among young couples. This study aims to identify destructive communication patterns that lead to relationship breakdown, based on the perspectives of eight experts in Islamic family studies. A qualitative approach was employed through semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed thematically. The informants consisted of counsellors, religious officers, academics, legal practitioners, and preachers with extensive experience in handling marital issues. The findings reveal five recurring destructive patterns: emotional withdrawal (stonewalling), sarcasm, unwillingness to communicate, lack of meaningful interaction, and technoference (interference from communication technology). These patterns not only create emotional distance but also contribute to gradual marital breakdown. The study is limited to expert perspectives; therefore, future research may incorporate the lived experiences of troubled couples to provide a more comprehensive understanding. The practical implications are highly relevant for government agencies, Islamic family institutions, and premarital programme developers, particularly in designing preventive strategies and counselling modules that emphasize communication restoration, emotional support, and marital resilience. References Ahmad, W. N. A. W., Ismail, A., & Mokhtar, A. I. (2021). Perspektif Maqasid Syariah dalam memelihara institusi keluarga. Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 22(3), 17–28. Apostu, I. (2022). Communication within couples – Function and dysfunction. Journal for Ethics in Social Studies, 5(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.18662/jess/5.1/37 Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. Caldwell, E. (2023, January 18). Negative marital communications leave literal, figurative wounds. The Ohio State University News. https://news.osu.edu/negative-marital-communications-leave-literal-figurative-wounds/ David, J. L., & Moore, K. A. (2021). How the use of social media creates social isolation (Stanford University Report). Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2023). Perangkaan perkahwinan dan perceraian Malaysia 2023. DOSM. Dungan, J. A., & Epley, N. (2024). Surprisingly good talk: Misunderstanding others creates a barrier to constructive confrontation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 10(1), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001528 Fenell, D. L., & Weinhold, B. K. (2012). Counselling families: An introduction to marriage, couple and family therapy (4th ed.). Love Publishing Company. Filik, R. (2023). Emotional responses to sarcasm. In Cambridge University Press (pp. 255–271). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108974004.020 Fincham, F. D., & Bradbury, T. N. (1987). The impact of attributions in marriage: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(3), 510–517. Gottman, J., & Silver, N. (2015). The seven principles for making marriage work: A practical guide from the country’s foremost relationship expert. Harmony Books. Hajar, S., Yusoff, M., & Yahya, N. (2024). Levels of communication style and marital satisfaction among husband and wife in Terengganu. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(12), 310–318. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i12/23954 Hassan, A., Helal, N. A., Afify, Y. M., & Badr, N. L. (2024, October). Exploring emotional cues within conversational contexts for sarcasm detection. In Proceedings of the 6th Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES 2024) (pp. 127–130). IEEE. Huang, S., Zhang, W.-J., Xie, Y., Gao, B., & Zhou, H. (2024). Smartphone behaviour and loneliness among older couples in China: Actor–partner interdependence modelling. Journal of Public Representative and Society Provision, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4905829 Husain, Y. (2021). Cultivating empathy through communication: Understanding others to improve relationships. Journal of Public Representative and Society Provision, 1(2), 57–62. https://doi.org/10.55885/jprsp.v1i2.242 Ismail, A., & Adam, M. H. M. (2024). Amalan keluarga bahagia era pandemik COVID-19. In Proceedings of the 5th International Seminar on Da’wah (ISOD V 2024) (pp. 18–25). UKM. Ismail, S. H. S., Hamjah, S. H., Khambali, K. B. M., Ismail, A., & Daud, M. Z. B. M. (2021). Isu kekeluargaan dan sosiobudaya masa kini: Punca dan penyelesaiannya bagi input pelan pembangunan dakwah di Malaysia. Jurnal YADIM: International Journal of Islam and Contemporary Affairs, 1(2), 1–20. Kamal, N. M., Rahman, N. A. A., & Afandi, W. N. H. W. (2023). Antecedents of quality interpersonal communication in marriage: A view from divorcees. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Management and Communication (ICMC 2023) (pp. 83–100). https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2023.11.02.7 Khezri, Z., Hassan, S. A., & Nordin, M. H. M. (2020). Factors affecting marital satisfaction and marital communication among married women: A review of literature. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(16), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i16/8306 Mahmoodzadeh Marghi, A., Mireskandari, F., & Farbod, M. S. (2021). Structural equation modelling of divorce tendency with emphasis on communication skills, conflict resolution, and marital problems. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 19(1), 35–44. Maisarah, M., & Khairani, M. (2023). How excessive use of smartphones leads to loneliness in young adults. Seurune, 6(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.24815/s-jpu.v6i2.33282 Maisaroh, A. (2018). Jurang sosial mempengaruhi perceraian dalam kalangan etnik Melayu. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 2(1), 1–8. Makhdum, N., Schneider, M., Hill, A., & Yau, D. M. (2019). How the use of iPads and smartphones creates social isolation. In Proceedings of the Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education International Conference 2019 (pp. 1060–1065). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/207776/ Mann, J. (2024, March 28). Experts say “stonewalling” can lead to divorce. InStyle. https://www.instyle.com/stonewalling-toxic-relationship-habit-5372172 Miller, C. W., Roloff, M. E., & Reznik, R. M. (2014). Hopelessness and interpersonal conflict: Antecedents and consequences of losing hope. Western Journal of Communication, 78(5), 563–585. Mohd Fadzli Sulaiman, & Zaini Nasohah. (2023). Sorotan literatur punca perceraian awal perkahwinan di Malaysia. BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences, 6(4), 28–38. Salihagić, D., & Tuce, Đ. (2023). The other side of love: Tactics of emotional manipulation in romantic relationships. Društvene i Humanističke Studije, 8(3[24]), 609–628. Siti Marziah Zakaria, Salina Nen, Abd Rahman Ahmad Badayai, & Nor Hazila Mat Lazim. (2018). Kualiti perkahwinan pada fasa pertama perkahwinan (1–10 tahun): Pengaruh gaya komunikasi dan penyesuaian hidup. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 16(7), 1–11. https://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi Tan, K., Jarnecke, A. M., & South, S. C. (2022). Social anhedonia, communication and marital satisfaction in newlywed couples. Journal of Personality, 91(5), 1239–1252. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12798 Wan Murni Wan Mokhtar, & Anwar Fakhri Omar. (2018). Analisis punca perceraian dalam kalangan remaja: Kajian kes di Kota Bharu (2010–2014). Fikiran Masyarakat, 6(2), 2010–2015. Whitbourne, S. K. (2024, May 10). Why sarcasm can seriously damage a relationship. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/fulfilment-at-any-age/202404/keep-the-sarcasm-in-check-to-keep-your-relationship-alive Williamson, H. C. (2021). The development of communication behaviour over the newlywed years. Journal of Family Psychology, 35(1), 11–21. Zainab Ismail. (2014). Pendekatan komunikasi dalam kaunseling keluarga. In Z. Ismail, S. H. Hamjah, & R. M. Rasit (Eds.), Isu dakwah masa kini – Keluarga, komuniti marginal dan pendidikan (pp. 54–70). Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
A Review of Youth Readiness in Smart Farming from A Structural Perspective
Youths, in and beyond Malaysia, play a significant role in spurring the expansion of conventional agriculture to smart agriculture. Smart agriculture utilises modern technologies to produce and increase the quality and quantity of agricultural products in farms. Agriculture technology should be able to attract digitally savvy and educated youths, especially university students. However, the youths’ readiness to participate in both agriculture sectors is still a concern, especially from structural and external perspectives beyond the youth’s agency. Hence, key research questions arose: What are the factors influencing youth readiness? How do those factors influence the youths? A structural approach to review qualitatively 158 past studies (between 2015 until 2025) on smart farming or smart agriculture sourced from Web of Science, SCOPUS and Google Scholar is conducted deductively and sociologically. The objective of the review is to identify and analyse structural and external factors. The factors discovered as socio-cultural, institutional, organisational, economic, and smart technology in nature are concerned with availability, accessibility, adequacy and sustainability issues about youth participation in smart agriculture. Specifically, the factors are family background; social and moral support; social networks and social capital; social perceptions of youths as young farmers; youth talent and development strategies; finance and credit facilities; regulatory and policy support; agriculture extension services; and smart agriculture technology and information communication technology. An implication is more research on youth human capital in smart farming and improved design and planning of effective conventional and smart farming policies and programmes for sustainable youth human capital in agriculture, particularly in Malaysia. References Afiqah Norizan, & Chan, K. L. G. (2022). Peranan jaringan sosial dalam aktiviti ekopelancongan di Kepulauan Langkawi Geopark, Kedah Malaysia [Social networks’ role in ecotourism activity at Langkawi Geopark, Kedah Malaysia]. e-Bangi Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 19(1), 169–190. Anthony, M., Agrawal, N., Chakravarthy, R., & Singh, S. (2018). Youth towards smart agriculture in India. CPHU Research Journal, 3(2), 246–249. http://www.cpuh.in/academics/academic_journals.php Anuja, K., Nash, J., Wong, L., Bravi, C., Illisriyani, & Kam, A. J. Y. (2023). Digital transformation pathways for modernizing Malaysia agrofood system (pp. 1–174). Chan, G. K. L., Hashim, H. S., & Aziz, S. (2011). Introducing networks in planning: An example from Langkawi. Planning Malaysia, Special Issue (Dec), 1–15. Chan, K. (2017a). Governance networks for effective custodians’ participation in the sustainability of Langkawi as a geopark. Kajian Malaysia, 35, 91–118. Chan, K. (2017b). Social networks for heritage conservation: The case of Langkawi Geopark. In R. A. Aziz, O. P. Liu, & S. Aziz (Eds.), Making the past present for the future: Integrated heritage conservation through geopark model. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Chuang, J. H., Wang, J. H., & Liang, C. (2019). Implementation of Internet of Things depends on intention: Young farmers’ willingness to accept innovative technology. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 23(2), 253–265. https://doi.org/10.22434/IFAMR2019.0121 Dissanayake, C. A. K., Jayathilake, W., Wickramasuriya, H. V. A., Dissanayake, U., Kopiyawattage, K. P. P., & Wasala, W. M. C. B. (2022). Theories and models of technology adoption in agricultural sector. Human Behaviour and Emerging Technologies, 2022, 1–15. Dissanayake, C. A. K., Jayathilake, W., Wickramasuriya, H. V. A., Dissanayake, U., & Wasala, W. M. C. B. (2022). A review on factors affecting technology adoption in agricultural sector. The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 17(2), 280–296. https://doi.org/10.4038/jas.v17i2.9743 Farayola, C., Adebisi, L. O., Akilapa, O., & Gbadamosi, F. Y. (2020). Does innovation enhance youth participation in agriculture? A review of digitalization in developing countries. International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Economy, 7(2), 14–17. Chan, G. K. L., Selvadurai, S., & Aziz, R. A. (2020). The culture of heritage conservation in Malaysia: A study of eco-tourism in Langkawi. e-Bangi Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 17(1), 165–174. Kam, A. J. Y. (2023). Food security issues from Malaysia and Uruguay. UKM–UCU Mercosur ASEAN Lecture Series, 1–15. Kam, A. J. Y., & Tham, S. Y. (2022). Barriers to e-commerce adoption: Evidence from the retail and food and beverage sectors in Malaysia. Asia-Pacific Economic Literature, 36(1), 32–51. Malamsha, K. C. (2024). Determinants of youth participation in climate smart agriculture in Mvomero District, Tanzania. Conference on Cooperative Development and Management, CUK Nairobi Kenya. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382370002 Manalo, J. A. IV, Layaoen, M. G., Berto, J. C., Balmeo, K. P., Saludez, F. M., Pagdanganan, A. M., Frediles, C. A., & Villaflor, J. D. (2016). Climate smart agriculture: Do young people care? IDEAS. https://ideas.repec.org/a/ags/phajad/258976.html Makau, L., Hurdsome, T., Mogaka, B., Kiptoo, E., Musili, B., Ngugi, R., Moyi, E., Laichena, J., & Yeswa, J. (2022/2023). Supporting youth involvement in climate smart agriculture. Policy Brief, The Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, https://kenyaclimatedirectory.org/resources/651bde4437892 Mburu, P. T., & Maswabi, T. (2022). Exploring youth participation in food production through smart agriculture: The cool factor. Journal of Management Research, 14(2), 13–31. https://doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v14i2.19912 Mohd Amar Aziz, Ayob, N. A., Ayob, N. H., Ahmad, Y., & Abdulsomad, K. (2024). Factors influencing farmer adoption of climate smart agriculture technologies: Evidence from Malaysia. Human Technology, 20(1), 70–90. https://doi.org/10.14254/1795-6889.2024.20-1.4 Mohd Nur Fikri Waktu Saptu, Ahmad, S. N. A., & Sumin, V. (2020). The effect of planned behaviour theory on agropreneurship intention: The moderating role of gender. Social and Management Research Journal, 17(2), 213–240. https://doi.org/10.24191/smrj.v17i2.10522 Norhasni Zainal Abidin, & Syamsuhadi, I. (2012). The involvement of graduates youth in commercial agriculture: Issues and challenges. International Journal for Educational Studies, 5(1), 15–24. https://journals.mindamas.com/index.php/educare/article/view/262 Olagunju, A. (2024). Harnessing artificial intelligence for youth engagement in agriculture: Lessons from global practices and prospects for Nigeria. International Journal of Advance Social Sciences and Education, 2(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijass3.v2i2.1490 Sinturat, P., Intorrathed, S., & Poungsuk, P. (2024). Potential developments in smart farming among alumni members of the Future Farmers Organization of Thailand, Central Region. Journal for Agriculture, Biotechnology and Education, 4(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13372068 Abu Dardak, R., Mohamad Tahir, M. A., Shafie, K. A., & Muhamad, R. M. (2022). Transfer of smart agriculture technology from MARDI to young agropreneurs in Malaysia: The case of high-value vegetable production by AgroCube. The FFTC Journal of Agricultural Policy, 3(14). https://ap.fftc.org.tw/system/files/journal_article/Transfer%20of%20Smart%20Agriculture%20Technology.pdf Musa, S. F. P. D., Idris, D. S. R. P. H., & Haris, N. B. M. (2021). Investigating agropreneurial intention among students in higher learning using the theory of planned behaviour. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29(2), 1151–1170. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.2.22 Rathakrishnan, S. R., Bujang, A. S., Hamzah, S. R., Krauss, S. E., & Mohd Nor, Z. (2022). Readiness of smart farming adoption among agricultural undergraduate students in a public university. Konvensyen Kebangsaan Kejuruteraan Pertanian dan Makanan (NAFEC2022). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364443957 Ra, S., Ahmed, M., & Teng, P. S. (2019). Creating high-tech agropreneurs through education and skills development. International Journal of Training Research, 17(S1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/14480220.2019.1629736 Poungchompu, S., & Phuttachat, P. (2023). Impact of participation in Young Smart Farmer Program on smallholder farmers’ income: A propensity score matching analysis. Research on World Agricultural Economy, 4(4), 90–103. https://doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v4i4.916 Khalilia, W. M., Harnicarova, M., Qubbaj, T., Istaitih, Y., Salamah, A. A., Shtaya, M. J. Y., Valicek, J., Saghir, S., Deghles, A. F., & Shaban, A. A. (2024). Students’ awareness, knowledge and perceptions of precision agriculture technology in Palestinian agricultural faculties. Academic Journal of Manufacturing Engineering, 22(1). Wong, L., Kam, A. J. Y., & Kassim, Q. (2023). Feeding the world, fortifying food security. Praxis: Advancing Malaysia’s Strategic Interest, 1–5. Zaremohzzabieh, Z., Krauss, S. E., D’Silva, L., Tiraieyari, N., Ismail, A. A., & Dahalan, D. (2021). Towards agriculture as career: Predicting students’ participation in the agricultural sector using an extended model of the theory of planned behaviour. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 28(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1910523
Grit and Career Adaptability in University Students: Resilience as a Mediator
This study aims to examine the role of agility as an intermediary in the relationship between agility and career suitability among university students. This study used a quantitative approach with insight methods involving 319 university students in Pekanbaru, Indonesia, who were selected through purposive sampling techniques. The instruments used include the Gritness instrument (Grit-S), the Connor-Davidson Gritness instrument (CD-RISC), and the Career Capability instrument (CAAS). Data analysis was carried out using a Structural Equation Model based on Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM). The results of the analysis show that resourcefulness has a significant positive relationship with agility (β = 0.71, t = 20.36, p < .001) and career adaptability (β = 0.51, t = 8.03, p < .001). Conscientiousness also had a direct impact on career adaptability (β = 0.39, t = 6.03, p < .001) and acted as a partial mediator in the relationship between agility and occupational adaptability (β = 0.27, t = 5.38, p < .001. These findings confirm that assertiveness and conciseness are important psychological resources that need to be built through intervention based on the power to increase career preparedness among university students. References Alhadabi, A., & Karpinski, A. (2019). Grit, self-efficacy, achievement orientation goals, and academic performance in university students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(5), 519–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1679202 Aloba, O., Olabisi, O., & Aloba, T. (2016). The 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale: Factorial structure, reliability, validity, and correlates among student nurses in Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 22(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390316629971 Barua, B. & Burgess, J. (2024). The role of resilience in the relationship between grit and flow: Introducing Grit Flow Questionnaire. In J. V. de Príncipe (Ed.), Resilience of Multicultural and Multigenerational Leadership and Workplace Experience (pp. 302–323). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1802-7.ch014 Bernabé, M., Merhi, R., Lisbona, A., & Palací, F. (2024). Future work: Self and proactive career behavior-the serial mediating effect of academic passion and resilience. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 29(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psicod.2023.10.002 Brandt, H., Henninger, M., Ulitzsch, E., Kleinke, K., & Schäfer, T. (2024). Responsible research assessment in the area of quantitative methods research: A comment on Gärtner et al. Measurement Practice, 8, Article 3796. https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2023.3796 Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087–1101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087 Duckworth, A. L., & Quinn, P. D. (2009). Development and validation of the Short Grit Scale (GRIT–S). Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(2), 166–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802634290 Eskreis-Winkler, L., Shulman, E. P., Beal, S. A., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). The grit effect: Predicting retention in the military, the workplace, school and marriage. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article 36. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00036 Fang, H., & Xu, X. (2025). The role of psychological resilience and career adaptability in the relationship between perceived social support and employment anxiety among college students. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 35(1), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.32604/jpa.2025.065786 García-León, M. Á., Caparrós-González, R. A., Romero-González, B., González-Perez, R., & Peralta-Ramírez, I. (2019). Resilience as a protective factor in pregnancy and puerperium: Its relationship with psychological state and hair cortisol concentrations. Midwifery, 75(8), 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2019.04.016 Hirschi, A., & Koen, J. (2021). Contemporary career orientations and career self-management: A review and integration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 126(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103505 Jamaludin, N. A., Rashid, A. H. A., Siwok, S. R., & Rusbadrol, N. (2021). Hubungan antara personaliti dengan faktor pendorong pemilihan kerjaya dalam kalangan pekerja di sebuah syarikat janakuasa elektrik di Johor. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 18(8), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi-2021-1808-04 Karaman, M. A., Vela, J. C., & Garcia, C. (2020). Do hope and meaning of life mediate resilience and life satisfaction among Latinx students?. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 48(5), 685–696. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2020.1760206 Khajavy, G. H., MacIntyre, P. D., & Hariri, J. (2021). A closer look at grit and language mindset as predictors of foreign language achievement. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 43(2), 379–402. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263120000480 Kim, P., Cho, W., & Yang, I. (2024). Workplace disruption in the public sector and HRM practices to enhance employee resilience. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 44(1), 86-115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X221095399 Lee, K., & Kim, M. (2019). The effects of grit on career adaptability in college students: The mediating role of career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of Career Development, 46(5), 468–482. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845318788262 Li, T., Tien, H. L. S., Gu, J., & Wang, J. (2023). The relationship between social support and career adaptability: The chain mediating role of perceived career barriers and career maturity. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 23(2), 319–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-021-09515-x Mariyanti, S. (2024). Hubungan antara regulasi emosi dengan resiliensi akademik pada siswa SMK Abdurrab Pekanbaru [Thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau]. Institutional Repository Universitas Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. http://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/id/eprint/83318 Masten, A. S. (2019). Resilience from a developmental systems perspective. World Psychiatry, 18(1), 101–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20591 Mat, T. Z. T., Alias, A., Ali, M. M., & Khairuddin, K. F. (2023). Peranan sokongan sosial, kekuatan dalaman dan ketahanan diri pelajar berbakat sukan semasa pandemik COVID-19: Suatu kajian tinjauan di Malaysia. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 20(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2003.05 Mensih, M., Ibrahim, F., & Hassan, N. (2021). Hubungan antara motivasi pencapaian, kecerdasan emosi dan ketahanan diri dalam kalangan mahasiswa kerja sosial. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 18(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi-2021-1801-04 Mustaza, M. S. A., & Kutty, F. M. (2022). The relationship between grit personality and resilience. Creative Education, 13(10), 3255–3269. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2022.1310208 Orines, R., Cabana, J. M., Carlos, J. M., Fernandez, P. N., Medel, P., & Suing, M. T. (2023). Grit and resilience as predictors of subjective well-being among university student-athletes. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 10(4), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.22271/kheljournal.2023.v10.i4a.3001 Pang, L., Wang, X., Liu, F., Fang, T., Chen, H., & Wen, Y. (2021). The relationship between college students’ resilience and career decision-making difficulties: The mediating role of career adaptability. Psychology, 12(6), 872–886. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2021.126053 Park, S. (2023). Longitudinal relationships between grit, self-esteem, and academic achievement among primary school students. School Psychology International, 45(5), 522–544. https://doi.org/10.1177/01430343231216973 Pawlak, M., Csizér, K., Kruk, M., & Zawodniak, J. (2022). Investigating grit in second language learning: The role of individual difference factors and background variables. Language Teaching Research. 29(5), 2093-2118. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688221105775 Priyohadi, N. D., Suhariadi, F., & Fajrianthi, F. (2019). Validity test for Short Grit Scale (Grit-S): Duckworth on Indonesian millennials. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 8(3), 375–387. https://doi.org/10.12928/jehcp.v8i3.13870 Putri, D. M., Santi, D. E., & Kusumandari, F. (2023). Resiliensi akademik pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir: Bagaimana peranan optimisme dan efikasi diri? Sukma: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 4(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.30996/sukma.v4i1.8874 Ramos-Díaz, E., Rodríguez-Fernández, A., Axpe, I., & Ferrara, M. (2019). Perceived emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among adolescent students: The mediating role of resilience. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(6), 1669–1680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0058-0 Reynardo, B. D., & Huwae, A. (2024). Resiliensi dan adaptabilitas karier pada fresh graduate. Journal Social Library, 4(3), 680–688. https://doi.org/10.51849/sl.v4i3.345 Salim, R. M. A., Prastyo, A. S. N., Rumalutur, N. A., & Situmorang, D. D. B. (2024). Role of grit as mediator in the relationship of openness to experience and effectiveness of teachers during distance learning. COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education, 9(4), 48–57. https://doi.org/10.23916/0020240947630 Santilli, S., Grossen, S., & Nota, L. (2020). Career adaptability, resilience, and life satisfaction among Italian and Belgian middle school students. The Career Development Quarterly, 68(3), 194–207. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12231 Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 661–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.011 Savickas, M. L. (2013). Career construction theory and practice. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (2nd ed., pp. 147–183). Wiley. Simamora, M. R. (2024). Validity of the Indonesian version of the 10-Item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) among first-year theological students. ABARA: Jurnal Konseling Pastoral, 2(1), 11–19. https://abara.iakntarutung.ac.id/index.php/abara Sudin, S. A., Kamaruddin, S. H., & Ismail, R. (2024). Daya tahan usahawan program Agropreneur Muda Terengganu berdasarkan perspektif pegawai pelaksana. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(4), 421–436. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2104.33 Topino, E., Svicher, A., Di Fabio, A., & Gori, A. (2022). Satisfaction with life in workers: A chained mediation model investigating the roles of resilience, career adaptability, self-efficacy, and years of education. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 1011093. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1011093 Tang, X., Wang, M.-T., Guo, J., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2021). Building grit: The longitudinal pathways between mindset, commitment, grit, and academic outcomes. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(5), 850–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01397-6 Wahyudi, F. (2022). Hubungan locus of control dengan resiliensi pada mahasiswa UIN Suska Riau yang merantau di Pekanbaru pada masa pandemi COVID-19 [Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau]. Institutional Repository Universitas Islam Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. http://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/id/eprint/58434 Wibowo, D. H., Ambarwati, K. D., & Crescenzo, P. (2020). The role of grit and parent-child communication in career adaptability. Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 5(2), 185–196. https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v5i2.5727 Xu, M., Lu, H., Fu, J., Zhu, H., & Zhao, Y. (2025). The relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction and career adaptability among university students: The roles of grit and career decision-making self-efficacy. Behavioral Sciences, 15(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020167 Yalcin, S. B., Carkit, E., & Kocakoglu, M. G. (2022). The mediating role of resilience between career adaptability and life satisfaction. Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning, 4(2), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1159130 Yang, L., Sin, K. F., & Savickas, M. L. (2023). Assessing factor structure and reliability of the Career Adaptability Scale in students with special educational needs. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1030218. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1030218 Yau, O. K. T., & Shu, T. M. (2023). Why are students with a higher level of grit more engaging in learning? The mediation effect of negotiable fate on the grit–student engagement relationship in higher education during COVID-19. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 17(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909231171728 Zahari, Z., & Omar, M. K. (2021). Pendekatan kebolehsuaian kerjaya dalam kalangan pelajar kolej vokasional di Selangor. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(1), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i1.612 Zhai, C., Chai, X., Shrestha, S., & Zhong, N. (2023). Grit and career construction among Chinese high school students: The serial mediating effect of hope and career adaptability. Sustainability, 15(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043608 Zhang, J., Yuen, M., & Chen, G. (2021). Career-related parental support, vocational identity, and career adaptability: Interrelationships and gender differences. Career Development Quarterly, 69(2), 130–144. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12254
Tahap Etnosentrisme dalam Kalangan Warga Sarawak di Kuching, Sarawak (Level of Ethnocentrism among Sarawakians in Kuching, Sarawak)
: Perbezaan sejarah, geografi dan tadbir urus pusat–negeri membentuk cara warga Sarawak menilai diri dan pihak luar dalam hubungan etnik Malaysia. Dalam wacana hubungan antara kelompok, etnosentrisme ialah pandangan atau keyakinan bahawa kelompok sendiri lebih baik berbanding kelompok lain. Kecenderungan ini boleh menyokong ikatan sosial dalaman, tetapi berpotensi melebarkan jarak sosial apabila disertai stereotaip dan prejudis tanpa asas. Tujuan kajian ialah mendeskripsikan tahap dan kandungan etnosentrisme warga Kuching di Sarawak serta menafsirnya menggunakan Teori Identiti Sosial (TIS). Kajian ini melibatkan tinjauan soal selidik terhadap 402 responden dengan menggunakan skala Likert enam mata, disertai analisis deskriptif untuk mengenal pasti tahap dan taburan peratusan item. Ambang kategori rendah, sederhana dan tinggi ditetapkan melalui pembahagian selang sama lebar bagi likert 1-6 untuk memudahkan interpretasi deskriptif. Ujian kebolehpercayaan menunjukkan nilai alfa cronbach (α) melebihi nilai ambang 0.70. Hasil menunjukkan min etnosentrisme 4.84 dengan sisihan piawai 0.89, manakala 72.1 peratus responden berada pada kategori tinggi. Item berasaskan nilai bersama seperti hidup harmoni merentas etnik, saling hormat dan kebanggaan terhadap bahasa serta warisan muncul paling kuat. Penanda perbandingan tegas seperti slogan dan keutamaan simbolik pula sederhana serta lebih terpolarisasi. Perbincangan mengesahkan jangkaan TIS bahawa harga diri sosial lazimnya dizahirkan melalui penonjolan kelebihan kumpulan sendiri tanpa memusuhi pihak luar apabila norma bersama jelas. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menyaran intervensi yang menumpukan pengukuhan nilai bersama dan pembinaan ruang interaksi berstatus setara, bermatlamat bersama, berlandaskan kerjasama serta disokong institusi untuk memperkukuh hubungan antara kelompok yang inklusif. Abstract: Historical, geographical, and federal–state governance differences shape how Sarawakians evaluate themselves and others within Malaysia’s interethnic relations. In the discourse on intergroup relations, ethnocentrism refers to the view or belief that one’s own group is superior to other groups. This tendency can strengthen internal social bonds but may widen social distance when accompanied by unfounded stereotypes and prejudice. The aim of this study is to describe the level and content of ethnocentrism among Sarawakians in Kuching and to interpret it using Social Identity Theory (SIT). The method involved a survey of 402 respondents using a six-point Likert scale, together with descriptive analysis and item profiling to identify patterns of meaning. The results show a mean ethnocentrism score of 4.84 with a standard deviation of 0.89, while 72.1 percent of respondents fall within the high category. Items anchored in shared values, such as living harmoniously across ethnic lines, mutual respect, and pride in language and heritage, emerge as the strongest. Clear comparative markers, such as slogans and symbolic preferences, are moderate and more polarized. The discussion confirms SIT’s expectation that social self-esteem is typically expressed through affirming in-group advantages without hostility toward outsiders when common norms are salient. In conclusion, the study recommends interventions that prioritise the strengthening of shared values and the creation of interactional spaces with equal status, common goals, cooperation, and institutional support in order to foster inclusive intergroup relations. References Abas, N. S., Lyndon, N., Yusoff, N. H., Othman, Z., & Suznan, N. S. (2025). Tahap literasi politik masyarakat Sabah mengenai hubungan negeri–Persekutuan berdasarkan MA63 dalam kerangka federalisme. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(3). 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Spiritual Transformation under Family Strain: The African American Muslim Revert’s Journey in Umm Zakiyyah’s A Voice
This study performs a rigorous analytical reading of Umm Zakiyyah’s A Voice via the Qur’ānic ethical framework incorporating tawḥīd–istiqāmah (oneness and steadfastness), sabr–tawakkul (patience and trust), jihād al-nafs–tazkiyah (inner striving and purification), and birr al-wālidayn–ibtilāʾ (filial piety during trials), with the aim of examining the novel’s African American Muslim revert character’s transformation whilst navigating strong maternal opposition. The analysis demonstrates the novel’s form in performing its ethics: internal monologues elucidating theology; calibrated dialogues and strategic silences enacting speech ethics; pacing and repetitions modelling patience and trust; and recurrent threshold, sound, and touch motifs translating filial duty into personified care. It is revealed that ethical heroism is embodied by domestic spaces such as the kitchen, doorways, phone line, and hospital ward; speech restraint represents moral agency, clearly distinct from tenderness; and the four clusters are interdependent on one another, with virtue under trial being anchored by tawḥīd, sustained by sabr–tawakkul, refined by jihād al-nafs, and concretized by birr. Positioned within the African American reversion narrative, A Voice puts the spotlight on the female protagonist and the intimate labour of belief. The study provides a Qur’ānic ethical framework replicable for literary criticism, emphasizing craft while shedding light on theological issues. The notion of “steadfast tenderness” can be used to guide Muslim minority communities, mentor reverts, and lead interfaith family interactions. References Abd-Allah, U. F. (2006). Islam and the cultural imperative. Nawawi Foundation. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v1i1.10 Abdul Khabeer, S. (2016). 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Psychological and Economic Factors in Relation to Poor Dietary Habits among Malaysian B40 Youths
One of the main concerns related to health for Malaysians is the widespread poor dietary habits. The underlying reasons could be attributed to economic and psychological factors. Based on past literature, it is found that low income, loneliness and distress could potentially collectively contribute to poor dietary choices. The present research aims to examine the potential associations between economic and psychological factors with poor dietary habits among B40 youths in Malaysia. The research successfully recruited 397 B40 Malaysian youths aged between 21 and 39 years to complete a cross-sectional survey. The results from mediation analysis confirmed our initial prediction, which is that higher income could lower chances of the consumption of unhealthy foods (B = −0.05, p = .03), but psychological insecurities, such as distress (B = 0.01, p = .02) and loneliness (B = 0.01, p = .03), would cause an opposing outcome. The findings of this research further contribute to the current understanding and common conception that the limitations of healthy diets among low-income groups may result from economic constraints and psychological limitations. However, the effect sizes are almost negligible, and the mediation analysis revealed that there are no significant interaction effects between income with psychological distress (B = −0.00, p = .54) and loneliness (B = −0.00, p = .0.98). It is recommended that future research explore the connection between income and psychological factors that precede poor dietary habits, utilising different measures and recruiting a larger sample to confirm the present research's findings. References Ab Malik, N. M. A. N., Shahimi, S., Ismail, M. A., & Shafiai, M. H. M. (2020). Faktor penyebab penyisihan sosial dalam kalangan masyarakat berdasarkan sorotan karya bersistematik dan keperluan analisis lanjut daripada perspektif Islam. 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The Impacts of Oil Palm Cultivation Towards Environmental Sustainability: A Systematic Literature Review
The palm oil industry plays a vital role in global economies but simultaneously raises pressing concerns regarding sustainability due to its environmental impacts. This systematic literature review examines the consequences of palm oil cultivation, particularly deforestation, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The review employed a systematic literature review approach adhering to PRISMA guidelines, searching two major databases (Scopus and Web of Science) using a single-line search string that included keywords like "Oil Palm," "Environmental Sustainability," and "Deforestation". Out of 75 initial records from various sources, 49 studies were ultimately included in the review. The rapid growth of oil palm plantations causes deforestation, disrupts ecosystems, increases carbon emissions, and leads to severe biodiversity loss, threatening ecological balance and placing numerous plant and animal species at risk Industrial activities cause pollution through chemical waste, worsening environmental damage. Sustainability initiatives like the RSPO promote responsible palm oil production that balances economic growth with conservation. However, socio-economic challenges including labor shortages, land disputes, and resource conflicts continue to hinder fair development and the achievement of sustainable and equitable palm oil practices. The meaningful participation of local communities in sustainable practices is also vital in ensuring long-term benefits and social inclusivity. Overall, the findings emphasize the urgency of collective responsibility and collaborative action among governments, industries, and civil society to mitigate the negative consequences of palm oil cultivation. Strengthening stakeholder cooperation is critical to safeguarding biodiversity, addressing environmental degradation, and ensuring that economic benefits are achieved without undermining global sustainability goals. References Abdullah, R., Azman, I., & Rahman, A. K. (2011). Labor requirements in the Malaysian oil palm industry in 2010. Oil Palm Industry Economic Journal, 11(2), 1–12. Aderungboye, F. O. (1977). Diseases of the oil palm. PANS, 23(3), 305–326. Alam, A. F., Er, A. C., & Begum, H. (2015). Malaysian oil palm industry: Prospect and problem. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 13(2), 143–148. Angelsen, A. (1999). Agricultural expansion and deforestation: Modeling the impact of population, market forces and property rights. 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The Role of Government Support in Developing Startup Ecosystems: A Case Study of Yogyakarta and Surakarta, Indonesia
Technology startups in Indonesia have experienced rapid growth in recent years, reflecting a broader global trend in which startups have become central drivers of innovation and economic development. This study explores the critical role of government support in shaping and developing startup ecosystems, focusing on two emerging innovation hubs in Indonesia: Yogyakarta and Surakarta. Drawing from qualitative data, including interviews, field observations, and document analysis, the research examines how government initiatives, public policies, and multi-stakeholder collaboration contribute to the growth of local startups and creative enterprises. The study highlights key strategies such as government support, incubation programs, and infrastructure development that foster a supportive environment for entrepreneurial activity, based on the frameworks of governance and institutional theory. The findings indicate that while government involvement is essential, sustainable ecosystem development requires synergistic partnerships among government, universities, the private sector, and civil society, reflecting the principles of the Triple Helix model. This paper contributes to the broader discourse on innovation governance and offers policy insights relevant to other developing regions seeking to strengthen their startup ecosystems. Reference Abdillah, N. (2019). Analisis pengaruh faktor adopsi Scrum pada startup digital. Jurnal Teknomatika, 12(1), 67–74. Aditif. (2021). Kajian lanskap industri digital kreatif D.I Yogyakarta tahun 2021. Kantor Perwakilan Bank Indonesia D.I Yogyakarta dan Asosiasi Industri Digital Kreatif (ADITIF). https://aditif.id/download/ Andriyati, L., & Zulaikha, E. (2023). Strategi pengembangan startup digital di Pontianak dengan pendekatan design thinking. E-Bisnis: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 16(2), 288–298. Anggara, S. (2023). 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A Quantitative Analysis of Factors Affecting RMB Internationalisation in Southeast Asia
As the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party Report calls for promoting RMB internationalisation in an orderly manner, it has to confront significant geopolitical and geoeconomic risks. Given its strategic ties, ASEAN serves as a key region for RMB internationalisation. Existing studies mainly focus on currency linkages and clearing infrastructure, while comprehensive quantitative research on the determinants of RMB internationalisation in Southeast Asian countries remains limited. To address this gap, this study constructs the ASEAN RMB Internationalisation Index (ARII) to examine factors influencing its progress from 2011 to 2023. The research findings reveal that China’s exports to ASEAN countries did not contribute to RMB internationalisation, as a substantial share of trade transactions continues to be settled in U.S. dollars. By contrast, ASEAN’s portfolio investment, equity positions, and debt instruments in China have significantly facilitated RMB internationalisation through deeper financial integration. Moreover, the process of RMB internationalisation within ASEAN displays a pronounced path dependence, reflecting the cumulative effects of prior RMB usage and institutional expansion. The findings highlight China’s effort to balance financial control, currency policy, and capital market liberalisation while maintaining domestic stability and expanding international influence, shaping a distinctive state-guided pathway of RMB internationalisation. Policy implications suggest that sustained cooperation with regional financial centres particularly Singapore the deepening of settlement infrastructure, cautious enhancement of RMB asset liquidity, and continued engagement and interoperability with the U.S. dollar system are crucial to advancing the RMB’s international role in Southeast Asia and forging a pathway of internationalisation. References Amighini, A., & García-Herrero, A. (2023, November 2). Third time lucky? China’s push to internationalise the renminbi. Bruegel. https://www.bruegel.org/policy-brief/third-time-lucky-chinas-push-internationalise-renminbi Angrick, S. (2018). Structural conditions for currency internationalisation: international finance and the survival constraint. Review of International Political Economy, 25(5), 699–725. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2018.1472129 ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office (AMRO), (2023). 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What does the international currency system really look like? Review of International Political Economy, 21(5), 1017–1041. Cui, Y. (2013). The internationalisation of the RMB: where does the RMB currently stand in the process of internationalisation. Asian‐Pacific Economic Literature, 27(2), 68–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/apel.12045 Cui, Y., Liu, L., & Peng, K. (2024). International competitiveness and currency internationalisation: an application to RMB internationalisation. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 29(2), 588–611. https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2022.2031521 Falianty, T. (2019). Renminbi in ASEAN Economy: How ASEAN responds to Renminbi Internationalisation. Journal of Economic Cooperation and Development, 40, 3 (2019), 1–24. Freymann, E., & Heng, C. (2025). The logic of partial RMB internationalization: PRC perspectives on ‘financial war’. The China Quarterly, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741025000037 Fulcher, J. (2023). The RMB’s Delicate Dance: Exploring the Complexities and Constraints of the Chinese Yuan on the Global Stage. Middlebury Institute of International Studies. https://www.middlebury.edu/institute/sites/default/files/202307/WP-%20The%20RMBs%20Delicate%20Dance-%20Justin%20Fulcher_0.pdf Gurunathan, A., & Moorthy, R. (2021). China and the Indo-Pacific in India-ASEAN Ties: Prospects for ASEAN. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 18(9). Hamzah, M. S., Abdullah, H., & Abdul Hamid, M. S. (2019). Economic Growth, Financial Development, and Institutions: a Review of the Literature. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 16(8). He, Q., Liu, J., & Yu, J. (2023a). Dancing with dragon: The RMB and developing economies’ currencies. Research in International Business and Finance, 64, 101835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101835 He, Q., Wang, W., & Yu, J. (2023b). Exchange rate co-movements and corporate foreign exchange exposures: a study on RMB. 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Renminbi internationalisation: prospects and implications for economic integration in East Asia. Asian Economic Papers, 10(3), 42–72. https://doi.org/10.1162/ASEP_a_00100 Perez-Saiz, H., & Zhang, M. L. (2023). Renminbi usage in cross-border payments: Regional patterns and the role of swaps lines and offshore clearing banks. International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2023/03/31/Renminbi-Usage-in-Cross-Border-Payments-Regional-Patterns-and-the-Role-of-Swaps-Lines-and-531684 Qu, F.J. (2024). Promoting RMB Internationalisation Under the RCEP Framework. In Wang, F., & Qian, Z. RMB Internationalisation in 2023: Broader and Multi-level Economic and Trade Cooperation, pp. 105–142. Springer Nature Singapore. Radošević, D. (2024). Geopolitical Risks and Unconventional RMB Internationalization: A Reappraisal. In Wang, H. H., & Miao, M. L. Enhancing Global Governance in a Fragmented World: Prospects, Issues, and the Role of China, pp. 99–114. 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Tekanan Kerja dan Kualiti Hidup dalam Kalangan Petugas Kesihatan (Work Stress and Quality of Life among Healthcare Workers)
Petugas kesihatan yang terdiri daripada doktor, jururawat dan pembantu kesihatan seringkali berdepan dengan keadaan kerja yang tidak menentu. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara tahap kekerapan dan kekuatan tekanan kerja terhadap kualiti kehidupan dalam kalangan anggota kesihatan. Kajian ini telah dilakukan di Pusat Perubatan Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Untuk memenuhi keperluan kajian, kaedah kajian rentas dilakukan terhadap 163 anggota kesihatan yang bertugas di hospital tersebut. Instrumen kajian terdiri daripada tiga bahagian; Bahagian A berkaitan demografi peserta, Bahagian B pula Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) dan, Bahagian C iaitu Skala Kualiti Hidup (WHOQOL-100@BREF). Kaedah analisis statistik SPSS Versi 25 digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh. Data analisis dimulakan dengan ujian normaliti, analisis korelasi dan Ujian t, Ujian Levene. Hasil kajian mendapati 163 anggota kesihatan telah melengkapkan soal selidik dengan keputusan menunjukkan 64 responden (39.3%) adalah Jururawat, Pembantu Kesihatan Perubatan 42 (25.8%), Penolong Pegawai Perubatan 20 (12.3%), Pegawai Perubatan 19 (11.7%) dan yang lain adalah 18 (11%). Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa tekanan kerja mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kualiti hidup anggota kesihatan (p<0.01). Kajian ini menunjukkan tekanan kerja memberi kesan yang signifikan terhadap kualiti kehidupan anggota kesihatan di PPUIAM. Oleh itu, pihak pengurusan perlu mengambil langkah strategik untuk mengurus dan mengurangkan tekanan kerja bagi meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan produktiviti staf. Program sokongan psikososial serta intervensi pengurusan stres harus diperkasakan. Polisi dan pendekatan pengurusan perlu disesuaikan agar memenuhi keperluan staf untuk memupuk kesejahteraan kerja secara menyeluruh. Kesedaran mengenai hubungan tekanan kerja dan kualiti hidup harus ditingkatkan dengan mempromosikan gaya hidup sihat dan aktiviti sokongan mental. Abstract: Healthcare workers consisting of doctors, nurses, and health assistants often face uncertain working conditions that leads to work stress. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the frequency and intensity of work-related stress and the quality of life among healthcare members. This study was conducted at the International Islamic University Medical Centre in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. To fulfil the research requirements, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 163 healthcare members working at the hospital. The research instruments consisted of three parts: Part A on the demographics information, Part B; the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Part C on the Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOL-100@BREF). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 25. Data analysis began with normality tests, correlation analysis, t-tests, and Levene’s Test. The results showed that all 163 healthcare members completed the questionnaire, of which 64 respondents (39.3%) were nurses, 42 (25.8%) medical health assistants, 20 (12.3%) medical assistant officers, 19 (11.7%) medical officers, and 18 (11%) others. The findings indicated that work-related stress has a significant relationship with the quality of life of healthcare members (p < 0.01). This study indicated that work-related stress has a significant effect on the quality of life of healthcare members at IIUM Medical Centre. Therefore, the management needs to take strategic measures to manage and reduce work-related stress to improve staff well-being and productivity. Psychosocial support programs and stress management interventions should be strengthened. Policies and management approaches should be adapted to meet staff needs to foster comprehensive workplace well-being. The employees should be aware of the relationship between work stress and quality of life by promoting healthy lifestyles and mental support activities. References Abdul Kadir, N. B., Mohd, R. H., & Dimitrova, R. (2021). Promoting mindfulness through the 7Cs of Positive Youth Development in Malaysia. 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70262-5_4 Abu Bakar, N., Bulgiba, A., & Isahak, M. (2025). Perceived psychosocial safety climate (PSC) level and its association with occupational outcomes among clinical unit healthcare workers in a Malaysian hospital: a three-wave longitudinal study. BMC Public Health, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22562-1 Arifin, K., Abudin, R., & Razman, M. R. (2019). Penilaian iklim keselamatan persekitaran kerja terhadap komuniti kakitangan kerajaan di Putrajaya (Work environment safety climate evaluation of government staff community at Putrajaya). Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 15(4). 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C., & Barello, S. (2025). Job Demands and Resources shape the risk of burnout in Italian Child Neuropsychiatrists. Healthcare (Switzerland), 13(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13010012 Roberts, P. (2006). Reliability and validity in research. Nursing Standard, 20(22), 41–45. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2006.07.20.44.41.c6560 Rusyda, H., Selamat, M., Siti Fardaniah, A., & Nik Hairi, O. (2021). Ethnomethodological research on proactive safety behavior of the young workers. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 11(2), 202–221. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS Rusyda, M. H., Abdul Kadir, N. B., Ismail, W. N. K., Abdul Jalil, S. J., Abdullah, N. A., Che Kasim, A., Hoesni, S. M., & Abdul Manaf, M. R. (2022). Identifying the psychometric properties of the Malay Version of the WHOQOL-BREF among employees with obesity problem. 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A qualitative study of speaking out about patient safety concerns in intensive care units. Social Science and Medicine, 193, 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.09.036 Vu, P. D., Nguyen, T. T., & Van Le, D. (2024). Occupational stress and associated factors among clinical nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in a Vietnamese tertiary hospital. PLoS ONE, 19(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309028 Wong, F. Y., Yang, L., Yuen, J. W. M., Chang, K. K. P., & Wong, F. K. Y. (2018). Assessing quality of life using WHOQOL-BREF: a cross-sectional study on the association between quality of life and neighborhood environmental satisfaction, and the mediating effect of health-related behaviors. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5942-3 World Health Organization. (2021). World health statistics 2021: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Zainuri, M. Z., & Rusyda, H. M. (2023). Faktor-faktor penentu dan kecenderungan kepada kemalangan di tempat kerja dalam kalangan pasukan narkotik Polis Diraja Malaysia. E-Bangi: Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2001.30
Crossing the Trust Divide: Building Inclusive Police-Transgender Relations in Punjab, Pakistan
The trust deficit between transgender people and the police in Punjab, Pakistan, jeopardizes the legitimacy of the institution and endangers the lives of the community. Even effective implementation of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2018 has been poor, and transgender individuals still experience harassment, assaults, and exclusion by the police. Such a lack of trust invalidates the position of police as a source of protection and further marginalizes transgender communities. This study aims to investigate the ways of building trust between police officers and transgender people through analyzing their lived experiences of mistrust, discrimination, and opportunities of change. For this an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used, which was founded on qualitative semi-structured interviews with 15 transgender and 16 police officers in varied districts in Punjab. The participants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling. The local NGOs were involved to make sure that all those who had direct contact with the police would be represented. Findings show some structural barriers to trust building like harassment, verbal abuse, lack of gender sensitivity training, fear of retaliation, weak accountability mechanisms, under-representation in institutions and institutional invisibility. Transgender participants and some police officers pointed out the areas of reform, such as community dialogues, awareness programs, and special officers to communicate with transgender communities. Implementing suggested reforms would not only enhance police legitimacy but also create safer spaces for transgender individuals, contributing to broader social justice and equality in Pakistan. Abidin, M. Z., & Husin, A. (2025). Trust, trauma, and safety: a phenomenological study of transgender-police relations in Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Transgender Health, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2025.2537876 Alamgir, A. (2024). “We are struggling to seek justice”: A study of the criminal justice system and transgender experiences in Pakistan. International Journal of Transgender Health, 25(2), 199–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2024.2303478 Arslan, M., Fatima, U., Bhutta, M., & Rasool, M. G. (2024). Perception in Uniform: A Study of Police Attitudes towards the Transgender Community in Pakistan. Intercontinental Journal of Social Sciences, 1(2), 105-118. https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2023(7-IV)55 Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power. In J. B. Thompson (Ed.) G. Raymond & M. Adamson, Trans.). Harvard University Press. Bradford, B., Milani, J., & Jackson, J. (2017). Identity, legitimacy and “making sense” of police use of force. Policing: An International Journal, 40(3), 614–627. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-12-2016-0176 Cordner, G. (2017). Police culture: Individual and organizational differences in police officer perspectives. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 40(1), 11- 25. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-07-2016-0116 Dwyer, A., Bond, C., Ball, M., Lee, M., & Crofts, T. (2021). Support provided by LGBTI police liaison services: An analysis of a survey of LGBTIQ people in Australia. Police Quarterly, 25, 33-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111211038048 Eatough, V., & Smith, J. A. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In C. Willig & W. Stainton-Rogers (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in psychology (pp. 179–194). SAGE Publications. Ferreira, I., Valente, A., Morais, A., & Lopes, R. (2023). Trans person: Discrimination and barriers associated with health care. European Psychiatry, 66(S1), S1132-S1132. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2424 Finlay, L. (2009). Debating phenomenological research methods. Phenomenology & Practice, 3(1), 6–25. Galtung, J. (1990). Cultural violence. Journal of Peace Research, 27(3), 291–305. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343390027003005 Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Stanford University Press. Girardi, R. (2021). ‘It’s easy to mistrust police when they keep on killing us’: A queer exploration of police violence and LGBTQ+ Victimization. Journal of Gender Studies, 852–862. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2021.1979481 Göksel, P. (2024). Discrimination and violence against Transgender people. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 16(4), 731-739. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1417609 Hereth, J. E. (2024). Pathways leading to arrest for transgender women. Feminist Criminology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851241250126 Hinchy, J. (2019). Governing gender and sexuality in colonial India: The Hijra, c. 1850–1900. Cambridge University Press. Jenness, V., & Rowland, A. (2024). The structure and operation of the transgender criminal legal system nexus in the United States: Inequalities, administrative violence, and injustice at every turn. Annual Review of Criminology, 7(1), 283-309. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-022222-040947 Khalid, S. A. A., Saad, S., Awang, H., & Tambi, N. (2021). Analisis perbandingan amalan pembentukan integriti polis antara negara Asia Pasifik: Satu kajian literatur. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 18(5), 300–316. Khalil, H., Lakho, M. K., Bari, A., & Soomro, U. H. (2020). Representation of transgender community in Pakistani English newspapers: A comparative analysis of Daily Dawn & Express Tribune. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 17(6), 121–132. Larkin, M., Watts, S., & Clifton, E. (2006). Giving voice and making sense in interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 102–120. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp062oa Lee, Y. J., & Santiago, L. (2023). Race, class, and gender identity: Implications for transgender people’s police help seeking. Police Practice and Research, 24(1), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2073975 Liechty, J. (2020). The relationship between the law enforcement system and the LGBTQ community. Interdisciplinary Insights: The Journal of Saint Leo University's College of Education and Social Services,2(2). Miles-Johnson, T. (2015). Perceptions of group value: How Australian transgender people view policing. Policing and Society, 25(5), 530-547. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2014.912648 Nanda, S. (1999). Neither man nor woman: The hijras of India. Wadsworth Publishing. Oestreich, J. E. (2018). Sexual orientation and gender identity in Nepal: Rights promotion through UN development assistance. Journal of Human Rights, 17(2), 265-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2017.1357028 Reddy, G. (2005). With respect to sex: Negotiating hijra identity in South India. University of Chicago Press. Rosentel, K., López-Martínez, I., Crosby, R. A., Salazar, L. F., & Hill, B. J. (2021). Black transgender women and the school-to-prison pipeline: Exploring the relationship between anti-trans experiences in school and adverse criminal-legal system outcomes. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 18(3), 481–494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-020-00473-7 Samaa TV. (2024, March 10). Transgender activists storm police station in Gujrat over abuse claims. Samaa TV.\https://www.samaa.tv/2087314195-transgender-activists-storm-police-station-in-gujrat-over abuse-claims Serpe, C. R., & Nadal, K. L. (2017). Perceptions of police: Experiences in the trans community. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 29(3), 280–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2017.1320183 Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis:Theory, method and research. SAGE Publications Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2015). Interpretative phenomenological analysis as a useful methodology for research on the lived experience of pain. British Journal of Pain, 9(1), 41–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049463714541642 Stenersen, M. R., Thomas, K., & McKee, S. (2022). Police and transgender and gender diverse people in the United States: A brief note on interaction, harassment, and violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(23-24), NP23527-NP23540. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211072161 Stotzer, R. L. (2014). Law enforcement and criminal justice personnel interactions with transgender people: A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(3), 263–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.04.012 Sunshine, J., & Tyler, T. R. (2003). The role of procedural justice and legitimacy in shaping public support for policing. Law & Society Review, 37(3), 513–548. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5893.3703002 Tyler, T. R. (2006). Why people obey the law. Princeton University Press. Walters, M. A., Paterson, J., Brown, R., & McDonnell, L. (2020). Hate crimes against trans people: Assessing emotions, behaviors, and attitudes toward criminal justice agencies. Journal of interpersonal Violence, 35(21-22), 4583-4613. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517715026 Yu, H. H., & Lee, D. (2023). LGBTQ+ officers in US federal service: An examination of workplace inclusion and experiencing sex-based discrimination. Policing and Society, 33(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2021.2017285
Rainwater Harvesting in Universities: A Systematic Review of Applications and Benefits
Rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) is one of the Best Management Practices (BMP) that provides alternative water resources and has emerged as a sustainable solution to address diverse water management challenges. This study systematically reviews the application of RWHS as an alternative water resource in universities, guided by two objectives: to identify the types of RWHS applied and to discuss their importance in supporting sustainable water management. The review followed five methodological stages: review protocol selection, research question development, systematic database searching (Web of Science and Scopus), quality appraisal, and data extraction and analysis. From 987 initial records, 13 articles were selected, revealing five RWHS types: rooftop, surface runoff, small-scale, wind-driven, and permeable pavement systems. Rooftop RWHS was the most applied and cost-effective, while surface and pavement systems were least implemented but offered dual benefits of runoff reduction and groundwater recharge. The review identifies several research gaps, including the lack of studies on long-term system performance, governance, and integration of RWHS within university sustainability frameworks. RWHS provides environmental benefits through water conservation, flood mitigation, and groundwater recharge, alongside economic advantages such as reduced utility costs and operational savings. Future research should conduct comparative and multi-regional analyses, assess innovative RWHS designs, and evaluate institutional and policy frameworks to strengthen the integration of RWHS into higher education sustainability initiatives. References Abuelfutouh, N. A. K., Jami, M. S., Abdurahman, N. H., Fuad, N. I. M. (2020). Rainwater harvesting quality assessment and evaluation: IIUM case study. 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A., Suhaimi, H., Shamsuddin, N., & Abas, P. E. (2023). Feasibility studies of rainwater harvesting system for ablution purposes. Water, 15(9), Article 1686. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15091686 Kiger, M. E., & Varpio, L. (2020). Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131. Medical Teacher, 42(8), 846–854. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1755030 Kolaski, K., Logan, L. R., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2023). Guidance to best tools and practices for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 12(96). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-023-02255-9 Kolavani, N. J., & Kolavani, N. J. (2020). Technical feasibility analysis of rainwater harvesting system implementation for domestic use. Sustainable Cities and Society, 62, Article 102340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102340 Kumar, V., Mukwana, K. C., Jatoi, A. R., Hassan, M., Jakhrani, A. Q., Siyal, A. A., Zaman, K. U., & Kumar, L. (2022). GIS-based analysis of a rainwater harvesting system in the multipurpose hall of Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science, and Technology. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 12(4), 8837-8842. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4995 Lani, N. H. M., Yusop, Z., & Syafiuddin, A. (2018). A review of rainwater harvesting in Malaysia: Prospects and challenges. Water, 10(4), Article 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040506 Mostaffa, M. F., Musa, S. M. S., Zainal, R., Kasim, N., Noh, H. M., & Yassin, A. M. (2021). E-SPAH: Aesthetic innovation in UTHM’s small-scale rainwater harvesting system. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 13(5), 239-246. https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2021.13.05.025 Muchadeyi, M. T., Hernandez-Villafuerte, K., Di Tanna, G. L., Eckford, R. D., Feng, Y., Meregaglia, M., Peasgood, T., Petrou, S., Ubels, J., & Schlander, M. (2024). Quality appraisal in systematic literature reviews of studies eliciting health state utility values: Conceptual considerations. PharmacoEconomics, 42, 767-782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-024-01365-z Muhiddin, A. A. M., Isa, H. M., Sakip, S. R. M., Nor, O. M., & Sedhu, D. S. (2023). Green campus implementation in the Malaysian public universities: Challenges and solutions. Planning Malaysia Journal, 21(1), 274-298. https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v21i25.1239 Musa, S. M. S., Mostaffa, M. F., Manap, N., Yassin, A. M., & Zainal, R. (2022). Small scale rainwater harvesting design for external usage. Environment and Ecology Research, 10(2), 267-274. https://doi.org/10.13189/eer.2022.100216 Naeem, M., Ozuem, W., Howell, K., & Ranfagni, S. (2023). A step-by-step process of thematic analysis to develop a conceptual model in qualitative research. 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Applying the PRISMA method for obtaining systematic reviews of occupational safety issues in literature search. 10th International Symposium on Occupational Health and Safety, MATEC Web of Conferences, 354(00052), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235400052 University of South Australia. (n.d.). Systematic reviews. University of South Australia. https://guides.library.unisa.edu.au/SystematicReviews Vaz, I. C. M., Ghisi, E., & Thives, L. P. (2021). Stormwater harvested from permeable pavements as a means to save potable water in buildings. Water, 13(14), Article 1896. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141896 Web of Science. (n.d.). Your trusted path to discovery. Retrieved June 9, 2024, from https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/smart-search Xu W. D., Fletcher, T. D., Burns, M. J., & Cherqui, B. F. (2020). Real time control of rainwater harvesting systems: The benefits of increasing rainfall forecast window. 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Ecotourism Indicators for Sustainable Biodiversity Management in Malaysia
This study explores the contribution of ecotourism indicators to the conservation and sustainable management of Malaysia's biodiversity in terms of diverse ecosystems. Models of conservation and community development have extensively promoted ecotourism as a means of conserving and developing the community; however, the success of conservation and community development programs relies on indicators modifiable to local conditions. Based on a critical analysis of the present frameworks, policies, and case studies, this paper will identify and assess the availability of the various environmental and biodiversity indicators currently used in the ecotourism destinations in Malaysia. Special concern is placed on the ability of these indicators to measure ecological health, visitor effects, and involvement of communities. The results demonstrate the necessity of adaptive indicators as well as locally applicable indicators that incorporate ecological, socio-economic, and governance facets. By providing ecotourism parameters, policymakers, communities, and planners by approach the unique conditions can enhancing the decision-making process, improving biodiversity outcomes, and aligning with global sustainability goals. This paper will add to the body of research on ecotourism by highlighting the fact that viable ecotourism in the Global South was a realistic model achievable only by focusing on Malaysia. References Adebayo, T. S., Akadiri, S. S., Asuzu, O. C., Pennap, N. H., & Sadiq-Bamgbopa, Y. (2023). Impact of tourist arrivals on environmental quality: A way towards environmental sustainability targets. Current Issues in Tourism, 26(6), 958–976. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2045914 Agyeiwaah, E., McKercher, B., & Suntikul, W. (2017). Identifying core indicators of sustainable tourism: A path forward?. Tourism Management Perspectives, 24, 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2045914 Lucrezi, S. (2021). Stakeholders’ perceptions of coastal development in relation to marine protected areas. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 25(4), 46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-021-00834-3 Bartula, M., & Radun, V. (2023). Indicator-based ecotourism planning. UTMS Journal of Economics, 14(1), 17–24. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/281928/1/1856524280.pdf McCool, S. F., & Mandic, A. (2024). A social-ecological systems perspective on working toward resilience in nature-based tourism planning. Tourism Planning & Development, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2024.2364622 Biodiversity Indicators Partnership. (2020). Indicator summary for Malaysia. https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/CountrySummaries/MYS_Summary.pdf Latinopoulos, D., & Vagiona, D. (2013). Measuring the sustainability of tourism development in protected areas: an indicator–based approach. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 7(3), 233-251. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJISD.2013.056942 Galindo-Pérez-de-Azpillaga, L., Foronda-Robles, C., & García-López, A. M. (2013). Territorial sustainability in protected areas in Spain. Ecological Indicators, 24, 403-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.07.010 Castellani, V., & Sala, S. (2010). Sustainable performance index for tourism policy development. Journal of Ecotourism. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.10.001 CBD. (2022). National policy on biological diversity 2022–2030. https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/my/my-nbsap-v3-en.pdf Chan, G. K., Selvadurai, S., & Aziz, R. A. (2020). The Culture of Heritage Conservation In Malaysia: A Study Of Eco-Tourism In Langkawi. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 17(1). Chan, K. M. A., Satterfield, T., & Goldstein, J. (2012). Rethinking ecosystem services to better address and navigate cultural values. Ecological Economics, 74, 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.11.011 Chandran, C., & Bhattacharya, P. (2024). Tourists' level of awareness and attitude about destination ecotourism development: a case study of Munnar, Kerala, India. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(10), 26607-26622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03745-5 Chung, M. G., Liu, J., & Dietz, T. (2018). Global relationships between biodiversity and nature-based tourism in protected areas. Ecosystem Services, 31, 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.09.004 Cleland, E. E. (2011). Biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Nature Education Knowledge, 3(10), 13. https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/biodiversity-and-ecosystem-stability-17059965/ Convention on Biological Diversity. (2021). Sixth national report of Malaysia. ASEAN Clearing House Mechanism. https://www.cbd.int/doc/nr/nr-06/my-nr-06-en.pdf Convention on Biological Diversity. (2022). National policy on biological diversity 2022–2030. https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/my/my-nbsap-v3-en.pdf Ouboter, D. A., Kadosoe, V. S., & Ouboter, P. E. (2021). Impact of ecotourism on abundance, diversity and activity patterns of medium-large terrestrial mammals at Brownsberg Nature Park, Suriname. PLoS One, 16(6), 250390. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250390 Failing, L., & Gregory, R. (2003). Ten common mistakes in designing biodiversity indicators for forest policy. Journal of Environmental Management, 68(2), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4797(03)00014-8 GST Council. (n.d.). What is sustainable tourism? GST Council. https://www.gstcouncil.org/what-is-sustainable-tourism/ Hasana, U., Swain, S. K., & George, B. (2022). A bibliometric analysis of ecotourism: A safeguard strategy in protected areas. Regional Sustainability, 3(1), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsus.2022.03.001 Jamal, T., & Stronza, A. (2009). Collaboration theory and tourism practice in protected areas: Stakeholders, structuring and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable tourism, 17(2), 169-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580802495741 Jin, Y. (2024). Ecotourism development strategy under the concept of biodiversity. Bio Web of Conferences, 142, 1015. https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/pdf/2024/61/bioconf_isaeb2024_01015.pdf Kwong, K. O., Kunjuraman, V., Kumaran, J. V., & Abas, M. A. (2025). Stakeholder Participation in Current Ecotourism for Sustainability of Malaysia. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2201.35 Mariapan, M., Lim, A. L., Isa, S. S., Karim, M. S., & Rehman, K. (2017). Ecotourism potentials in Malaysia. Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia. https://forenv.upm.edu.my/upload/dokumen/20170614164540ECOTOURISM_POTENTIALS_IN_MALAYSIA__FINAL.pdf MEET Network. (2018). How to measure sustainable tourism: The MEET ecotourism standard. Ecotourism Management. https://www.meetnetwork.org/monitoring-platform Miller, D. C., Agrawal, A., & Roberts, J. T. (2018). Biodiversity, governance, and the allocation of international aid for conservation. Conservation Letters, 11(2), 12422. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/96771/j.1755-263X.2012.00270.x.pdf?sequence=1 National Policy on Biological Diversity 2016–2025. (2016). National policy on biological diversity 2016–2025. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia. https://www.mybis.gov.my/pb/590 National Policy on Biological Diversity 2022–2030. (2022). National policy on biological diversity 2022–2030. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia. https://www.nres.gov.my/ms-my/pustakamedia/Penerbitan/NPBD%202022-2030%20(Spread%20View).pdf National Resources and Environment Ministry (NRES). (2016). National policy on biological diversity 2016–2025. Convention on Biological Diversity. https://www.nres.gov.my/ms-my/pustakamedia/Penerbitan/NPBD%202022-2030%20(Spread%20View).pdf Norziana, N., et al. (2022). The importance of City Biodiversity Index (CBI) indicators for Malaysia. Journal of Theoretical and Empirical Studies in Management, 7(27), 50–57. https://gaexcellence.com/jthem/article/view/2468 Noss, R. F. (1990). Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: A hierarchical approach. Conservation Biology, 4(4), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00309.x NRES. (2020). Biodiversity in Malaysia. https://www.nres.gov.my/PustakaMedia/Penerbitan/Biodiversity%20in%20Malaysia.pdf Nwaeze, N. C., Okere, K. I., Ogbodo, I., Muoneke, O. B., Ngini, I. N. S., & Ani, S. U. (2023). Dynamic linkages between tourism, economic growth, trade, energy demand, and carbon emission: Evidence from the EU. Future Business Journal, 9(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-023-00193-5 Ocampo, L., Ebisa, J., Ombe, J., & Escoto, A. (2018). Sustainable ecotourism indicators with fuzzy Delphi method. Journal of Ecotourism. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.05.060 Oliver, T. H., Heard, M. S., Isaac, N. J. B., Roy, D. B., Procter, D., Eigenbrod, F., … & Bullock, J. M. (2021). Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning under environmental change: A meta-analysis. Ecological Applications, 31(2), 2224. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2015.08.009 Razali, M. K., & Ismail, H. N. (2022). A sustainable urban tourism indicator in Malaysia. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. WIT Press. https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ST14/ST14011FU1.pdf Ristić, D., Vukoičić, D., & Milinčić, M. (2019). Tourism and sustainable development of rural settlements in protected areas-Example NP Кopaonik (Serbia). Land Use Policy, 89, 104231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104231 Kunjuraman, V., & Hussin, R. (2019). Exploring potential ecotourism products in Sabah, Malaysia. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts (JTHCA), 7(3), 1-19. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/32336/1/32336.pdf Sheena, B., Mariapan, M., & Aziz, A. (2015). Characteristics of Malaysian ecotourist segments in Kinabalu Park, Sabah. Tourism Geographies, 17(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2013.865069 Shukor, S. A., Bustamam, U. S. A., Salikin, N. M., Anwar, I. F., Nordin, S. N., & Nor, N. S. M. (2023). Development of sustainability indicators for Muslim-friendly tourism in Malaysia. I-iECONS e-proceedings, 609-613. https://epiiecons.usim.edu.my/index.php/eproceeding/article/download/39/23 Tong, L. J., & Gani, A. A. (2024). Regional ecotourism sustainability assessment: Research value and literature review. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 16(1), 254–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2013.865069 Tong, P. S. (2020). More policies and laws, is it better for biodiversity conservation in Malaysia? Conservation Science and Practice, 2(11), e235. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.235 Tonkin, J. D., Poff, N. L., Bond, N. R., Horne, A., Merritt, D. M., & Reynolds, L. V. (2019). Prepare river ecosystems for an uncertain future. Nature, 570(7760), 301–303. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Julian-Olden/publication/338521106_Designing_flow_regimes_to_support_entire_river_ecosystems/links/5e39d822a6fdccd96587e320/Designing-flow-regimes-to-support-entire-river-ecosystems.pdf Tshin, L. V., & Bagul, A. H. B. P. (2018). Success indicators for Sabah ecotourism sites. BIMP-EAGA Journal for Sustainable Tourism Development, 7(1), 48–61. https://doi.org/10.51200/bimpeagajtsd.v7i1.3167 Von Rintelen, K., Arida, E., & Häuser, C. (2017). A review of biodiversity-related issues and challenges in megadiverse Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries. Research Ideas and Outcomes, 3, e20860. https://riojournal.com/lib/ajax_srv/article_elements_srv.php?action=download_pdf&item_id=20860 Wang, Z. H., Chiarucci, A., & Arratia, F. J. (2019). Integrative models explain the relationships between species richness and productivity in plant communities. Scientific Reports, 9, 13730. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50016-3 Worldpackers. (n.d.). How ecotourism benefits the environment and local communities. https://www.worldpackers.com/articles/ecotourism-benefits Zhang, S., Zhang, Z., Yu, H., & Zhang, T. (2024). Assessment and Empirical Research on the Suitability of Eco-Tourism Development in Nature Reserves of China: A multi-type comparative perspective. Land, 13(4), 438. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13040438
To Close or Sustain? Resilience Strategies of Community-Based Ecotourism Entrepreneurs in Kelantan
Community-Based Ecotourism (CBE) plays an important role in strengthening local economies by generating income, promoting conservation, and preserving cultural identity. However, many CBE efforts in developing regions such as Kelantan, Malaysia, continue to face economic uncertainty, limited resources, and external disruptions that challenge their long-term sustainability. The study aimed to examine the resilience strategies adopted by CBE entrepreneurs in sustaining their livelihoods and enterprises amidst these challenges. Using a qualitative single case study approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and document analysis to explore adaptation practices among CBE entrepreneurs. These findings reveal that these entrepreneurs are using digitalization to expand market access, adopt cost control measures to maintain financial stability, and implement environmentally sustainable practices to protect local ecosystems. Their resilience is further supported by strong community cooperation and external assistance from government agencies and non-governmental organizations that provide institutional resources and support. This study contributes to the understanding of resilience in community-based entrepreneurship by highlighting the interaction between social, economic, and institutional factors. These findings provide practical insights to policymakers and development practitioners in designing targeted interventions and support mechanisms that enhance the adaptive capacity and sustainability of rural tourism enterprises in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). References Adzis, A. K. F. A., Mohamad, M. S., & Rajaratnam, S. (2025). Peranan pekerja sosial sebagai pekerja pembangunan komuniti di program perumahan rakyat: Kajian penerokaan. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(3), 531-544. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2203.41 Ahmad, E. F., Zin, I. N. M., & Alauddin, K. (2024). Relative importance index for infrastructure resilience components for flood-prone areas in Kelantan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(12), 2072–2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i7/21787 Aziz, M. F. B. A., Bakar, M. A. B. A., & Rahman, A. B. A. (2025). Implications of ecotourism activities on the local community and natural environment in Jeli, Kelantan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(4), 1520–1534. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i4/25216 Bernama (2024, July 26). Kelantan terima 1.5 juta pelancong domestik, antarabangsa. Sinar Harian.com. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/677014/edisi/kelantan/kelantan-terima-15-juta-pelancong-domestik-antarabangsa Buhalis, D. (2020). Technology in tourism-from information communication technologies to eTourism and smart tourism towards ambient intelligence tourism: a perspective article. Tourism Review, 75(1), 267-272. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2019-0258 Chu, KM. (2024) Innovation practices of new technology adoption for the business survival strategy of online travel agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic: Two case studies in Taiwan. Journal of the Knowledge Economy 15, 9556–9575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01480-w Cohen, S. A., & Cohen, E. (2019). New directions in the sociology of tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(2), 153-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1347151 Coles, T., Ritchie, B. W., & Wang, J. (2021). Building business resilience to external shocks: Conceptualising the role of social networks to small tourism & hospitality businesses. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48, 210-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.06.012 Duchek, S., Raetze, S. & Scheuch, I. (2020). The role of diversity in organizational resilience: A theoretical framework. 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Sustainalism: An integrated socio-economic-environmental model to address sustainable development and sustainability. Sustainability, 15(13), 10682. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310682 Hazrin Izwan Che Haron@Shafiee, Mohd Sadad Mahmud, Hamdy Abdullah, Sheikh Ahmad Faiz Sheikh Ahmad Tajuddin (2024). Evaluating culture as the key determinant of tourist arrivals in east coast Malaysia. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(12), 2332-2343. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.8120195 Ibrahim, W. S. W., & Kanyo, N. I. (2023). Pendekatan pelancongan wilayah dari perspektif pemegang taruh di Kelantan, dalam konteks Wilayah Ekonomi Pantai Timur (ECER). Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 20(2), 339-347. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2002.28 Ige, O. E., Ojo, F. R., & Onikanni, S. A. (2024). Rural and urban development: Pathways to environmental conservation and sustainability. in prospects for soil regeneration and its impact on environmental protection Earth and Environmental Sciences Library. Springer, Cham. 307-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53270-2_14 Igoumenakis, G., Giannoukou, I. (2025). Enhancing tourism business competitiveness through digital marketing tools: A case study on effective strategies and technologies. Katsoni, V., Costa, C. (eds) Innovation and creativity in tourism, business and social sciences. IACuDiT 2024. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78471-2_14 Jiang, Y., Ritchie, B. W., & Verreynne, M.-L. (2019). Building tourism organizational resilience to crises and disasters: A dynamic capabilities view. International Journal of Tourism Research, 21(6), 882-900. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2312 Jones, E., Atzori, R., González, A. F., & Shirsat, A. (2024). Starting anew: ecotourism and resilience principles as a framework for building wildlife destination sustainability in a post-COVID-19 pandemic world. Journal of Ecotourism, 23(3), 229-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2023.2171048 Kamsi, N. S., Radin Firdaus, R. B., Sarker, M. N. I., & Gunaratne, M. S. (2025). Assessing the linkages of livelihood capitals of small-scale fishermen in Malaysia. SAGE Open, 15(2), 21582440251338685. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251338685 Kumar, O. P., & Singh, S. (2023). Community-based ecotourism in rural India: A case study of environmental conservation and economic empowerment. International Journal of Emerging Knowledge Studies, 2(11), 521-528. https://ijeks.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IJEKS2-11-012.pdf Kunjuraman, V. (2022). The development of sustainable livelihood framework for community-based ecotourism in developing countries. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 24(1), 48-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584221135540 Kunjuraman, V. (2024). The development of sustainable livelihood framework for community-based ecotourism in developing countries. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 24(1), 48-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584221135540 Phou, S., Uk, C., Chav, T., & Sou, V. (2025). Key factors influencing environmentally responsible behavior in the community-based ecotourism development (CBET): Antecedents and implications. Open Journal of Ecology, 15(1), 11-42. https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2025.151002. Rahmawati, R., Handayani, S. R., Suprapti, A. R., Airawaty, D., & Latifah, L. (2023). Green entrepreneurship based on local characteristics and culture to support sustainable eco-tourism: A case study. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 23(1), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v23i1.71 Rizal, A. F. A., Aziz. R. C. A & Alwi,M. K. (2024). Exploring the barriers and challenges in developing Geopark Heritage destinations: The case of Gunung Stong and Lojing Highlands, Malaysia. Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Environment Management, 9(37), 86-93. https://doi.org/10.35631/JTHEM.937007 Roy, N. C. (2025). AI-driven social media and economic empowerment in rural tourism entrepreneurship: An empirical analysis. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-04-2025-0111 Sa’at, N. H., Abdul Latip, A. R., Othman, N., Abd Rasid, N. H., & Aziz, N. (2022). Kelestarian pembangunan dan kesejahteraan hidup komuniti pesisir pantai: kajian kes di Senok, Kelantan. Journal of Business and Social Development, 10(1), 25–40. http://doi.org/10.46754/jbsd.2022.03.003 Segeda, I., Vlashchenko, N., & Aleksandrova, S. (2025). Management of strategic changes and risks in the development of the tourism industry. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 11(2), 136-141. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2025-11-2-136-141 Sekgobela, H. H., & Mgoduka, S. (2025). Assessing the impact of mining companies on community well-being and environmental sustainability: A case study of Ba-Phalaborwa Mines, Limpopo. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2203.42 Seow, A. N., Choong, Y. O., Low, M. P., Ismail, N. H., & Choong, C. K. (2024). Building tourism SMEs’ business resilience through adaptive capability, supply chain collaboration and strategic human resource. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 32(2), e12564. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12564 Sungip, F.N., Kamarudin, M.K., Saad, M.H., Wahab, N.A., Som, A.P., Umar, R., Hoe, L.I., Hakparn, S., Lertbunchardwong, K., Potikengrith, T., & Harith, H. (2018). the impact of monsoon flood phenomenon on tourism sector in Kelantan, Malaysia: A Review. International Journal of Engineering & Technology. https://doi.org/10.14419/IJET.V7I4.34.23577 Tarino, E. N., & Purnomo, E. P. (2024). Efforts to increase community informant in supporting the continuity of ecotourism development policies. Tourism Research Journal, 8(2), 262-283. https://doi.org/10.30647/trj.v8i2.216
Typographic Street Identity: A Study on Local Café Signage in Kuala Lumpur
Typography functions as both a visual communication system and a cultural expression that shapes how identities are perceived within urban environments. In Kuala Lumpur’s café culture, particularly within the Golden Triangle, a dense urban district shaped by tourism, commerce, and cultural convergence where signage contributes to atmosphere and place identity. Yet, limited research has examined how typographic choices construct these associations. This study investigates 82 local cafés and 111 typefaces to identify typographic trends and interpret their cultural significance. Using qualitative visual observation and systematic typographic classification, five type categories were analysed: serif, sans serif, monospaced, script, and display. To further understand how viewers perceive signage, the analysis applies six Gestalt principles which include Figure Ground, Similarity, Proximity, Continuation, Closure, and Symmetry examining how contrast, stroke consistency, spacing, visual flow, implied form, and structural balance contribute to legibility and recognition. The findings reveal a strong preference for sans serif typefaces associated with clarity, neutrality, and global minimalist aesthetics. In contrast, serif and script typefaces are employed selectively to evoke heritage, intimacy, and handcrafted identity, particularly in historically layered areas such as Chinatown. These patterns indicate that café signage visually negotiates between modernity and cultural continuity, reflecting broader urban tensions between global branding influences and local identity expression. Overall, typography operates not only as stylistic decoration, but as a medium shaping visual branding, emotional atmosphere, and streetscape identity within Kuala Lumpur’s evolving city culture. References Abrudin, F., & Ganiem, L. M. (2024). Carving image: Impactful Amistartop brand communication strategy and tactics. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2103.45 Ashworth, G. (2009). The instruments of place branding: How is it done? European Spatial Research and Policy, 16(1), 9–22. Cafe. (2024). In Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins Publishers. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cafe Gestalt principles in typography – Kreatiklan. (n.d.). Kreatiklan. https://kreatiklan.com/blogs/gestalt-principles-in-typography/ Glispin, T. (2022, January 17). 10 different types of signage: Which is most useful for your business? Sunshine Sign. https://sunshinesign.com/types-of-signage/ Hannah, J. (2023, May 10). Typography: What is it? The complete guide for 2024. CareerFoundry. https://careerfoundry.com/en/blog/ui-design/beginners-guide-to-typography/ Interaction Design Foundation. (2016a, August 30). What are the Gestalt principles? https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/gestalt-principles Interaction Design Foundation. (2016b, August 31). What is the law of figure–ground? https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/law-of-figure Koffka, K. (1922). Perception: An introduction to the Gestalt-Theorie. Psychological Bulletin, 19(10), 531–585. Lardi, A. (2024, February 26). Cafe signage: Best practices, smart uses, and new ideas. Yodeck. https://www.yodeck.com/use-cases/cafe-signage Learn typography: Type classification. (n.d.). https://learningabouttype.com/classification.html Liu, Z. (2024). How do streetscape visual components affect public perception? Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2024.2399684 Local. (2024). In Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/local Mustaqimmah. (2024). Social identity analysis: The Buttonscarves community in building brand loyalty. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(3). https://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/article/view/76521/16165 Neesa Ameera, M. S., Abdullah Kula, I., Syafiq Abdul, S., & Nizar, N. (2023). Bujang Valley tourism co-creation in place branding: The role of local community. Idealogy Journal, 8(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.24191/idealogy.v8i2.508 Neesa Ameera, M. S., Mohd Yusof, A., & Mohd Nor Shahizan, A. (2016). Fly posting: Informative vs public nuisance. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 11(2), 232–257. Nursanty, E. (2021). The anatomy of place branding: Relating place transformation to community identity. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 17(1), 19–35. Shazleen Mohamed, Wardatul Hayat Adnan, Ahmad Syazwan Syuwari Nordin, & Mohd Fadly Khamis. (2024). A comparative study on Eid advertisement video through corporate YouTube channels and audience engagement in Malaysia. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(3), 97–108. https://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/article/view/68661 Song, H., Ding, Q. S., Xu, J. B., Kim, J., & Chang, R. C. Y. (2023). Typographic design of outdoor signage, restaurant authenticity, and consumers’ willingness to dine: Extending semiotic theory. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(7), 2388–2409. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2022-0572 Velychko, A. (2024, February 10). Typography in public spaces: The power of design for democracy. Medium. https://medium.com/@artm.design/typography-in-public-spaces-the-power-of-design-for-democracy-366bf28c4c8d Wan Norsyafiqah Arinah Wan Nor Azmi, N. H. A. W., Syed Azman, S. M., & Jayus, R. (2024). Integrating sustainability into curricula: A systematic review of education for sustainable development. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(4). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2104.09 What are the Gestalt principles? (2024, December 7). The Interaction Design Foundation. https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/gestalt-principles Wolfe, K., Barton, E. E., & Meadan, H. (2019). Systematic protocols for the visual analysis of single-case research data. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 12(2), 491–502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-019-00336-7
Kecerdasan Emosi dan Representasi Autisme dalam Sastera Kanak-Kanak Malaysia: Analisis Teks Chempaka dengan Piano oleh Nisah Harun: (Emotional Intelligence and the Representation of Autism in Malaysian Children’s Literature: A Textual Analysis of Chempaka dengan Piano by Nisah Harun
Kajian ini berasaskan keprihatinan terhadap isu representasi golongan autisme dalam kesusasteraan kanak-kanak Malaysia yang masih kurang diberikan perhatian, khususnya dari sudut pembinaan emosi dan sosial. Dalam konteks ini, karya sastera berperanan penting sebagai medium empati dan pemahaman terhadap kepelbagaian manusia. Justeru, kajian ini meneliti hubungan antara Kecerdasan Emosi (EQ) dan representasi autisme dalam novel Chempaka dengan Piano karya Nisah Harun. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk (i) mengenal pasti cara pengarang membina watak autisme melalui aspek kecerdasan emosi dan (ii) menganalisis implikasi representasi tersebut terhadap pemahaman serta empati pembaca kanak-kanak terhadap kehidupan sebenar individu autisme. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kaedah analisis teks berasaskan teori Kecerdasan Emosi (EQ) oleh Daniel Goleman. Data diperoleh melalui pembacaan teliti, pengekodan tema dan interpretasi terhadap unsur naratif, watak serta dialog yang berkaitan dengan emosi dan interaksi sosial. Dapatan menunjukkan pengarang mengaplikasikan strategi penceritaan yang lembut dan berlapis untuk menonjolkan perasaan, empati dan hubungan sosial watak autisme. Representasi ini memperlihatkan usaha membina pemahaman yang lebih mendalam terhadap dunia autisme. Implikasinya, kajian ini memperkukuh wacana kesusasteraan kanak-kanak Malaysia sebagai wahana pendidikan emosi dan sosial serta memberi panduan kepada penulis, pendidik dan pengkaji dalam penghasilan teks yang inklusif, empatik dan responsif terhadap isu kemanusiaan semasa. Abstract: This study arises from the concern that the representation of autism in Malaysian children’s literature remains underexplored, particularly in relation to emotional and social development. In this context, literature serves as an important medium for fostering empathy and understanding of human diversity. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EQ) and the representation of autism in the novel Chempaka dengan Piano by Nisah Harun. The objectives of this study are to (i) identify how the author constructs an autistic character through aspects of emotional intelligence, and (ii) analyse the implications of this representation for children’s comprehension and empathy toward the real-life experiences of individuals with autism. A qualitative approach was employed, using textual analysis based on Daniel Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence (EQ) theory. Data were gathered through close reading, thematic coding, and interpretation of narrative elements, character development, and dialogue related to emotions and social interactions. The findings indicate that the author employs subtle and layered storytelling strategies to highlight the feelings, empathy, and social relationships of the autistic character. This representation offers readers a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of individuals with autism. The study contributes to the enrichment of Malaysian children’s literature as a vehicle for emotional and social education, while serving as a reference for writers, educators, and researchers in producing inclusive, empathetic, and socially responsive literary texts. References Arunasalam, R. S., Jani, R., Aga Mohd Jaladin, R., & Abd Aziz, A. (2024). Assessing parents' understanding of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(2), 123–139. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. https://ejournals.ukm.my/ebangi/article/view/71205 Barnes, J. (2018). Empathy, diversity, and children's literature: Fostering social awareness through picture books. Children's Literature in Education, 49(3), 285–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10583-017-9330-4 Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., & Salovey, P. (2019). Emotional intelligence: Implications for personal, social, academic, and workplace success. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00334.x Farrah Wahida Haron, & Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin. (2019). Emotional metaphors in Malay children’s literature: A cognitive semantic analysis. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 19(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2019-1904-01 Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books. Hashim Awang, Zahir Ahmad, & Zainal Abidin Borhan (Eds.). (1998). Pengajian sastera dan sosiobudaya Melayu memasuki alaf baru. Akademi Pengajian Melayu, Universiti Malaya. Hromek, R., & Roffey, S. (2009). Promoting social and emotional learning with games: "It's fun and we learn things". Simulation & Gaming, 40(5), 626–644. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878109333793 Humphrey, N. (2008). Including pupils with autistic spectrum disorders in mainstream schools. Support for Learning, 23(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9604.2007.00367.x Jessica Ong Hai Liaw. (2011). Pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu kanak-kanak autisme. Dewan Bahasa, 55(10), 42–45. Kanesan, P., & Fauzan, N. (2019). Models of Emotional Intelligence: A Review. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 16(7), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi. Li, C., Qiu, X., & Wang, Y. (2020). Emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior in Chinese children: The mediating role of empathy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2622. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02622 Lindsay, S., Proulx, M., Thomson, N., & Scott, H. (2013). Educators’ challenges of including children with autism spectrum disorder in mainstream classrooms. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 60(4), 347–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2013.846470 Mayer, John D., & Salovey, Peter. (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185–211. https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG McCrimmon, A. W., & Montgomery, D. I. (2014). Integrating social-emotional learning into children’s literature instruction: Benefits for inclusion and empathy development. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 28(2), 221–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2014.884030 Mohd Shafiee Hamzah. (2020). Pendidikan inklusif melalui sastera kanak-kanak: Analisis tema dan implikasi sosial. [Tesis Sarjana]. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Nikolajeva, M. (2014). Reading for learning: Cognitive approaches to children’s literature. John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/clcc.3 Nisah Haron. (2025). Chempaka dengan Piano. Kuala Lumpur: Persatuan Penulis Nasional Malaysia (PENA). Noor Aina Dani, N. A. (2018). Peranan sastera kanak-kanak dalam pembangunan kecerdasan emosi murid sekolah rendah di Malaysia. [Tesis Sarjana PhD tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Sains Malaysia. Nor Faridah Abdul Manaf. (2010). Children’s Literature in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges. University of Malaya Press. Nurul Aini Omar & Siti Marziah Zakaria. (2019). Hubungan di antara Gaya Keibubapaan dan Kecerdasan Emosi dengan Masalah Tingkah Laku Kanak-kanak: Satu Sorotan. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 2(3), 1–7. Nur Hidayah Abu Bakar. (2019). Nilai dan Estetika dalam Kesusasteraan Kanak-kanak Malaysia. Karisma Publications. Salman Firdaus Sidek, Nur Saadah Fathil, Nur Zuhaidah Mohamed Zain & Kamilah Muhammad. (2014). Pembangunan perisian kursus "SAYA SUKA BELAJAR" untuk pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu bagi kanak-kanak autisme. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 4(1). Sette, S., Spinrad, T. L., & Baumgartner, E. (2020). Links among Italian preschoolers’ socio-emotional competence, emotion knowledge, and theory of mind skills. Early Education and Development, 31(3), 437–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2019.1669127 Shahida Hassim, Chu Tee Chua, Rosadah Abdul Majid, Zalizan Mohd Jelas & Hamizatun Akmal Md Yusof. (2012). Perkembangan Kecerdasan Emosi Kanak-kanak Prasekolah Bermasalah Pendengaran: Implikasinya terhadap Penglibatan Ibu Bapa. Journal of AKADEMIKA, 82(2), 137–142. Siti Hajar Abdul Aziz. (2013). Kesusasteraan Kanak-kanak: Teori, Analisis dan Aplikasi. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Trevisan, D. A., Roberts, N., Lin, C., & Birmingham, E. (2021). How do individuals with autism spectrum disorder use social-emotional information in narratives? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(5), 1574–1586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04636-3 Wiseman, A. M., Everson, J., & Palacios, N. (2025). 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Water Oral History in Malaysia: Voices, Memory, and the Decolonisation of Water Narratives
This study introduces the concept of Water Oral History as a new approach to understanding Malaysia’s water history through the voices and memories of local communities rather than technocratic records or official statistics. In the postcolonial context, the history of water in Malaysia has been dominated by administrative and developmental narratives that silence the lived experiences behind policies and dams. This article argues that an oral approach to water history opens a path toward the decolonisation of epistemology by rejecting bureaucratic discourse and restoring the voices of communities, Public Works Department workers, villagers, fishermen, and women who serve as both users and custodians of water. Through oral historical interviews, these micro-narratives reveal how experiences of drought, flood, and water disruption shape emotional politics and local identity, dimensions long neglected in mainstream historiography. Crucially, Water Oral History is not merely a documentation method but an intellectual act of reclaiming history as a site of social struggle. It reconsiders who holds the authority to write water history, the colonial engineers and state officers or the people who endured their decisions. Within postcolonial and subaltern frameworks, oral memory functions as a living archive preserving indigenous knowledge of river management, water rituals, and communal solidarity. By positioning people’s voices as historical texts, Water Oral History reframes water as more than an economic resource, as a symbol of power, dependency, and resilience in post-1957 Malaysia. This concept expands water heritage studies and challenges conventional historiography by shifting authority from the archive to the oral. References Abdullah, M. F. (2009). Pembangunan Bekalan Air Domestik di Negeri Kedah. [Ph.D Thesis], Department of History, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Malaya. Abdullah, M. F. (2021). “If You Can Control Water, You Can Control Everything”: Pembangunan Sumber Air Mentah di Negeri Kedah, 1957-1992. Asian Journal of Environment, History and Heritage, 5(1), 1-24. Abdullah, M. F. (2025). The Forgotten Waters: A Critique of Malaysian Historiography. Asian Journal of Environment, History and Heritage, 9(1), 111-128. Abdullah, M. F. & Mohd Noor, A. (2017). Sejarah perkembangan bekalan air domestik di negeri Kedah sehingga tahun 1957. SEJARAH: Journal of the Department of History, 26(2), 24-37. Abdullah, M. F. & Mohd Noor, A. (2019). The 20th Century Domestic Water Supply in Alor Setar, Kedah. Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategy, 46(2), 240-271. Abdullah, M. F., Mohd Noor, A. & Mat Enh, A. (2023). Hydrological legacies of colonialism: examining water systems in Perlis, Malaya (1909–1950). Journal of International Studies (JIS), 19(2), 215-243. https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2023.19.2.8 Abdullah, M. F., Mohd Noor, A., Tan. C. S. & Wan Ibrahim, W. K. (2024). The Water War between Kedah-Penang in Malaysia: The Relation in the Management of Sungai Muda Raw Water, 1965–1985. Geopolitics Quarterly, 20(2), 151-170. https://doi.org/10.22034/igq.2024.180173 Abdullah, M. F., Wan Ibrahim, W. K., Mohd Noor, A., Mohamed Hassan, N., Ali, I. & Mohamad Yasid, A. F. (2024). Water Architecture in Malaysia: A Case Study in Penang. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 19(7), 23-38. http://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2024.07.002 Abdullah, M. F., Syed Annuar, S. N, Hamzah, S. N., & Ata, F. M. (2022). Politics of floods and fear during pre-15th general election in Malaysia: An analysis. SEJARAH: Journal of the Department of History, 31(2), 184-210. Aiken, S. R., & Leigh, C. H. (2015). Dams and indigenous peoples in malaysia: development, displacement and resettlement. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 97(1), 69–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/geob.12066 Amran, I. R., & Jamin, R. M. (2021). Kajian Pencemaran Air Terhadap Komuniti Orang Asli di Tasik Chini, Pahang. Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Journal of Undergraduate Research, 3(2), 119-128. Doi? Bakker, K. (2013). Privatizing Water: Governance Failure And The World's Urban Water Crisis. Cornell University Press. Beattie, J., & Morgan, R. (2017). Engineering Edens on This' Rivered Earth'? A Review Article on Water Management and Hydro-Resilience in the British Empire, 1860-1940s. Environment and History, 23(1), 39-63. https://doi.org/10.3197/096734017X14809635325593 Bipin, A., Babulal, L., & Ariffin, K. (2019). The Role Of Public Work Department On The Network System In Perak During British Colonial Era, 1874-1941. International Journal of Modern Trends in Social Sciences, 2(8), 141-148. Chakrabarty, D. (2000). Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial thought and historical difference. Princeton University Press. Code, L. (2006). Ecological thinking: The politics of epistemic location. Oxford University Press. Cohn, B. S. 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Air dan pembetungan di Malaysia, sejarah serta perspektif. Kementerian Alam Sekitar dan Air, Institusi Penyelidikan Air Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jabatan Perkhidmatan Pembetungan. Wagener, T., Boyle, D. P., Lees, M. J., Wheater, H. S., Gupta, H. V., & Sorooshian, S. (2001). A framework for development and application of hydrological models. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 5(1), 13-26. Waitt, G., & Nowroozipour, F. (2020). Embodied geographies of domesticated water: transcorporeality, translocality and moral terrains. Social & Cultural Geography, 21(9), 1268-1286. White, R. (2011). The organic machine: The remaking of the Columbia River. Hill and Wang. White, J. P., Murphy, L., & Spence, N. (2012). Water and indigenous peoples. International Indigenous Policy Journal, 3(3), 1-25. Worster, D. (1992). Rivers of empire: Water, aridity, and the growth of the American West. Oxford University Press. Yates, J. S., Harris, L. M., & Wilson, N. J. (2017). Multiple ontologies of water: Politics, conflict and implications for governance. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 35(5), 797-815. Yousof, G. S. (2015). One hundred and one things Malay. Partridge Publishing Singapore.
Faith-based Humanitarian Aid and Evangelism in Newer Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity in South Africa
The newer Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity in South Africa has been experiencing numerical growth in the 21st century. One of the reasons for the development and expansion of this movement is its ability to evangelise and win souls as part of spreading the gospel to the ends of the earth. Contrary to traditional evangelism, these churches utilise humanitarian aid as one of their evangelism strategies. This kind of approach is conceptualised here as holistic evangelism, which is a mission approach that balances the material, financial, social, spiritual, and psychological needs of the potential converts. This article works within the theoretical frameworks of humanitarianism, holistic evangelism, and literature review in qualitative research to develop a Pentecostal holistic evangelism approach in the context of humanitarianism. This is done by first unpacking holistic evangelism as a theoretical framework that is relevant in the study of the intersections of faith-based humanitarian aid and evangelism in the broader Pentecostal movement. The current practices on the intersections of humanitarian aid and evangelism are highlighted using the selected newer Pentecostal and charismatic churches, such as the 3C-church, Christian Revival Church, and the Rhema Bible Church. The finding is that newer Pentecostal and Charismatic Churches can enhance evangelism by considering different aspects of human beings, including the material, financial, social, spiritual, and psychological needs, through a holistic approach to evangelism. Anderson, A. (2005a). Towards a Pentecostal missiology for the majority world. Asian Journal of Pentecostal Studies, 8(1), 29-47. https://ixtheo.de/Record/1644872501/Details Anderson, A. (2005b). New African initiated Pentecostalism and charismatics in South Africa. Journal of Religion in Africa, 35(1), 66-92. https://doi.org/10.1163/1570066052995843 Balog, A. and Tesija, J. (2007). Toward an evangelical missiology of humanitarian aid ministry. Myerstown, Pennsylvania: Evangelical Theological Seminary. Beougher, T.K. (2021). Invitation to evangelism: Sharing the gospel with compassion and conviction. Kregel Publications. Boboye, O, & Dorasam, N. (2025). Contingency Planning and Flood Disaster Management in Nigeria: A Critical Study. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(2), 657-671. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2202.53 Burchardt, M. (2013). Faith-based humanitarianism: Organizational change and everyday meanings in South Africa. Sociology of Religion, 74(1), 30-55.https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srs068 CRC Church (2025). official website of the church. Revival Christian Church. https://crcchurch.com/ Elisha, O. (2014). You Can't Talk to an Empty Stomach: Faith-based Activism, Holistic Evangelism and the Publicity of Evangelical Engagement. In R.I Hackett, (Ed) Proselytization revisited: Rights Talk, Free Markets And Culture Wars. (pp. 431-454). Routledge. Forster, D. (2024). Unearthing fault lines and tracing shifts: Two typological Christian responses to COVID-19 measures in South Africa. Stellenbosch Theological Journal, 10(1), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.17570/stj.2024.v10n1.14 Green, M. (2023). Evangelism through the local church: A Comprehensive Guide to All Aspects of Evangelism. Eerdmans Publishing. Gustafson, J.W. (1998). The integration of development and evangelism. Missiology, 26(2), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/009182969802600202 Heldt, J.P. (2004). Revisiting the “Whole Gospel”: toward a biblical model of holistic mission in the 21st century. Missiology, 32(2), 149-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/009182960403200 King, D. (2012). The new internationalists: World Vision and the revival of American evangelical humanitarianism, 1950–2010. Religions, 3(4), 922-949. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel3040922 Kuperus, T. (2011). The political role and democratic contribution of churches in post-apartheid South Africa. Journal of Church and State, 53(2), 278-306.https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/csr030 Maphosa, S. (2014). An Evaluation of Community Development Projects Implemented by the Church of the Nazarene in Orlando East (Doctoral dissertation, Pretoria: University of South Africa). Maritz, D.J. and Stoker, H.G. (2016). Does the Christian worldview provide a place for the law of attraction? (Part 1): An apologetic evaluation of the roots of this doctrine. verbum et Ecclesia, 37(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4102/ve.v37i1.1571 Ma, W. and Ma, J.C. (2020). Missiology: Evangelization, holistic ministry, and social justice. In W, Vondey, (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of Pentecostal theology (pp. 279-289). Routledge. Myers, B.L. (2007). Humanitarian response: Christians in response to uprooted people. Missiology, 35(2), 195-215. https://doi.org/10.1177/009182960703500209 Oosthuizen, M. (2013). The evolving role of the Rhema Movement in the South African Public square. NGTT is now Stellenbosch Theological Journal (STJ), 54(1), 83-100.http://dx.doi.org/10.5952/54-0-293 Richardson, R., 2025. Evangelism outside the box: New ways to help people experience the good news. Westmont, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. Schüler, S. (2013). Establishing a ‘Culture of Prayer’: Holistic Spirituality and the Social Transformation of Contemporary Evangelicalism. Annual review of The Sociology of Religion, 263-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-009-9098-8 Thaut, L.C. (2009). The role of faith in Christian faith-based humanitarian agencies: Constructing the taxonomy. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 20(4), 319-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-009-9098-8 Timeslive (2022). Relief aid pouring in for KZN flood victims from civic and religious groups, Timeslive. https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2022-04-17-relief-aid-pouring-in-for-kzn-flood-victims-from-civic-and-religious-groups/ Tsara, L. and Mudimeli, L.M. (2024). COVID-19 and Women’s Mental Health: A Case of Women in Polygamous Marriages in Johane Marange Apostolic Church in Zimbabwe. e-Bangi: Journal of social Sciences and Humanities, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2103.06 Van Eck, E., Renkin, W., and Ntakirutimana, E. (2016). The parable of the Feast (Lk 14:16 b–23): Breaking down boundaries and discerning a theological–spatial justice agenda. HTS: Theological Studies, 72(1), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i1.3512 Wagner, C.P. (2010). Strategies for church growth: Tools for effective mission and evangelism. Wipf and Stock Publishers. 3C-Church (2021). Finetown, Johannesburg, Pastor's COVID-19 relief. 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Pengaruh Faktor Ekonomi dan Teknologi terhadap Penglibatan Perjudian Dalam Talian di Malaysia (The Influence of Economic and Technological Factors on Online Gambling Participation in Malaysia)
Dalam era digital masa kini, perjudian dalam talian menjadi isu sosial yang semakin membimbangkan apabila corak berjudi masyarakat beralih daripada bentuk tradisional kepada platform digital yang lebih mudah diakses dan bersifat peribadi. Fenomena ini mencerminkan tekanan ekonomi, pengaruh teknologi dan faktor psikologi yang saling berkait, namun kajian mendalam mengenai faktor sebenar yang mendorong penglibatan masih kurang dijalankan. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti faktor utama yang mempengaruhi penglibatan individu dalam perjudian dalam talian serta meneliti corak penglibatan tersebut dalam konteks sosioekonomi masyarakat Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif melalui soal selidik berstruktur yang diedarkan kepada responden yang pernah terlibat dalam perjudian dalam talian. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa faktor kewangan merupakan pendorong paling dominan diikuti oleh faktor teknologi seperti aplikasi mudah alih dan sistem pembayaran digital yang memudahkan akses secara fleksibel. Aspek psikologi, termasuk keseronokan akibat kemenangan dan tekanan hidup, serta pengaruh sosial rakan sebaya turut mendorong penglibatan. Kajian ini menegaskan bahawa perjudian dalam talian ialah isu kompleks yang memerlukan pendekatan intervensi holistik merangkumi kawalan teknologi, pendidikan kesedaran dan sokongan psikososial. Implikasi kajian diharapkan dapat membantu pihak berwajib merangka strategi yang lebih berkesan bagi membendung kesan negatif perjudian dalam talian terhadap individu dan masyarakat. Abstract: In today’s rapidly advancing digital era, online gambling has emerged as a growing social concern as gambling behaviour shifts from traditional forms to easily accessible and highly private digital platforms. This phenomenon reflects the interplay of economic pressures, technological influence, and psychological factors, yet empirical studies that examine the actual drivers of online gambling participation remain limited. This study aims to identify the key factors influencing individuals’ involvement in online gambling and to analyse the patterns of participation within Malaysia’s current socioeconomic context. A quantitative research design was employed using a structured questionnaire administered to respondents with prior experience in online gambling. The findings reveal that financial motives are the most dominant factor, recording the highest mean score (4.35), indicating that individuals often gamble to obtain quick financial gains. Technological convenience—such as mobile applications and online payment systems—further sustains continuous and private engagement. Psychological factors, including excitement from winning and coping with life stress, as well as social influences from peers, also contribute to participation. The study highlights that online gambling is a multifaceted issue requiring holistic interventions, including technological regulation, awareness education, and psychosocial support. The implications of this study are expected to assist policymakers in designing more effective strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of online gambling on individuals and society. References Auer, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2013). Voluntary limit setting and player choice in most intense online gamblers: An empirical study of gambling behaviour. Journal of Gambling Studies, 29(4), 647–660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-012-9332-y Blaszczynski, A., & Nower, L. (2002). A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling. In D. C. Hodgins & R. J. Williams (Eds.), Research and measurement issues in gambling studies (pp. 211–243). Elsevier. Gainsbury, S. M., & Blaszczynski, A. (2017). How blockchain and cryptocurrency technology could revolutionize online gambling. Gaming Law Review, 21(7), 482–492. Gainsbury, S. M., Russell, A., Hing, N., Wood, R., Lubman, D. I., & Blaszczynski, A. (2015). How the Internet is changing gambling: Findings from an Australian prevalence survey. Journal of Gambling Studies, 31(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9404-7 Gainsbury, S. M., Wood, R., Russell, A. M. T., Hing, N., & Blaszczynski, A. (2012). A digital revolution: Comparison of demographic profiles, attitudes and gambling behavior of Internet and non-Internet gamblers. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(4), 1388–1398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.02.024 Griffiths, M. D., & Parke, J. (2010). Online poker gambling in university students: Further findings from an online survey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 8(1), 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-009-9224-x Hameed, S. (2017). Gambling and its consequences on individual and family life. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 150–162. Hamzah, A., Che Hassan, N., & Nor, M. (2022). Kesan ekonomi dan sosial perjudian dalam talian di Malaysia. Jurnal Kriminologi Malaysia, 5(2), 45–60. Hashim, N. H., Zainuddin, N. M., & Aziz, N. A. (2020). Pengaruh aplikasi permainan atas talian terhadap pelajar universiti awam: Satu kajian awal. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 34(1), 55–68. Hing, N., Russell, A. M. T., & Browne, M. (2014). Risk factors for gambling problems: An analysis of high-risk internet gamblers. Addiction, 109(3), 449–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12363 Hing, N., Russell, A. M. T., Tolchard, B., & Nower, L. (2016). Risk factors for gambling problems: An analysis by gender. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(2), 511–534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9548-8 Jabatan Perdana Menteri. (2021). Laporan tahunan isu sosial dan perjudian dalam talian di Malaysia. MAMPU. Kementerian Dalam Negeri. (2022). Laporan operasi Op Dadu dan tindakan penguatkuasaan judi dalam talian. KDN. King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2010). The convergence of gambling and digital media: Implications for gambling in young people. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26(2), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-009-9153-9 King, D. L., Russell, A. M. T., Delfabbro, P. H., & Hing, N. (2020). Adolescent simulated gambling via digital and social media: An emerging problem. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, Article 106191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106191 Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Internet and gaming addiction: A systematic literature review of neuroimaging studies. Brain Sciences, 2(3), 347–374. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci2030347 Ladouceur, R. (2002). Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190(11), 766–773. Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., Boutin, C., & Doucet, C. (2002). Understanding and treating the illusion of control in problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(1), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014583113659 LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., LaBrie, R. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2008). Disordered gambling, type of gambling and gambling involvement in the British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2007. The European Journal of Public Health, 21(4), 532–537. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckp177 Lee, C. P., & Chua, Y. P. (2019). Trend perjudian dalam talian dalam kalangan masyarakat bandar di Malaysia. Jurnal Pengajian Umum Asia Tenggara, 20(1), 35–50. Lim, K., & Low, J. (2019). Gambling behaviour and social implications among Malaysians. Asian Social Science Journal, 15(8), 10–25. Lopez-Gonzalez, H., Estévez, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Marketing and advertising online sports betting: A problem gambling perspective. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 41(3), 256–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723517705545 McCormack, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). The effects of problem gambling on quality of life and wellbeing. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27(4), 513–520. McCormack, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2013). A scoping study of the structural and situational characteristics of internet gambling. International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning, 3(1), 29–49. Mohd Isa, H., Norazlin, S., & Kamal, A. (2023). Persepsi masyarakat terhadap permainan mesin stimulator di Malaysia. Jurnal Sains Sosial Malaysia, 11(3), 101–117. Mohd Nasir, Z. (2021). Pandemic and the rise of online gambling in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Social Issues, 7(2), 88–104. Mohd Yusof, A. M., & Abdul Razak, A. Z. (2019). Cabaran penguatkuasaan undang-undang terhadap judi dalam talian di Malaysia. Jurnal Undang-undang dan Masyarakat, 23(2), 19–30. Muhamaad Aminnuralif. (2022). Statistik tangkapan judi dalam talian meningkat 2021. Sinar Harian. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/180519/berita/nasional/statistik-judi-2021 Nor Azizah Mokhtar. (2021, November 3). Judi dalam talian meningkat ketika PKP. Berita Harian. https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/kes/2021/11/883479/judi-dalam-talian-meningkat-ketika-pkp Parke, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2007). The role of structural characteristics in gambling. In G. Smith (Ed.), [Book title missing]. Parke, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). The role of structural characteristics in gambling. In H. Bowden-Jones & S. George (Eds.), A clinician’s guide to working with problem gamblers. Routledge. PDRM. (2022). Laporan tahunan bahagian D7: Pencegahan judi/maksiat/gangsterism. Polis Diraja Malaysia. PDRM. (2023). Kenyataan media: Op Dadu dan rampasan mesin stimulator di Selangor. Polis Diraja Malaysia. Petry, N. M., & Gonzalez-Ibanez, A. (2015). Internet gambling problems. In N. M. Petry (Ed.), Behavioral addictions: DSM-5® and beyond (pp. 261–277). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199391565.003.0015 Polis Diraja Malaysia. (2021). Laporan statistik serbuan dan tangkapan judi dalam talian 2019–2021. Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah Bukit Aman. Rahim, S., & Hassan, R. (2020). Perjudian dan faktor sosioekonomi: Satu analisis di Malaysia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Malaysia, 16(1), 73–89. Rahim, S. A., Abdullah, M. N., & Latif, N. A. (2020). Pengaruh tekanan hidup terhadap penglibatan dalam perjudian dalam talian dalam kalangan belia Malaysia. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 8(2), 105–121. Saari, A., Manaf, R., & Kadir, N. (2021). Sejarah dan perubahan sosial aktiviti perjudian dalam masyarakat Melayu. Jurnal Tamadun Islam dan Alam Melayu, 28(1), 33–48. Saari, N., Manaf, R. A., & Kadir, M. A. (2021). Traditional gambling practices in Malay society: A historical and cultural perspective. Southeast Asian Studies, 49(2), 120–135. Tan, C. (2023). Organised gambling syndicates and money laundering in Malaysia. Malaysian Police Review, 9(2), 55–70. Thomas, A. C., Allen, F. C., Phillips, J., & Karantzas, G. (2019). Gaming machine addiction: The role of avoidance, escape and boredom. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 33(2), 133–142. Walker, M. B. (1992). The psychology of gambling. Pergamon Press. Wardle, H., Moody, A., Griffiths, M., Orford, J., & Volberg, R. (2011). Defining the online gambler and patterns of behaviour integration: Evidence from the British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010. International Gambling Studies, 11(3), 339–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2011.628684 Williams, R. J., Wood, R. T., & Parke, J. (2012). Policy options for Internet gambling. In Routledge International Handbook of Internet Gambling (pp. 249–272). Routledge. Wood, R. T. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2007). Online guidance, advice and support for problem gamblers and concerned relatives and friends: An evaluation of the GamAid pilot service. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 35(4), 373–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880701593540 Wood, R. T. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Understanding positive play: An exploration of playing experiences and responsible gambling practices. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(1), 145–164. Wood, R. T., & Williams, R. J. (2009). Internet gambling: Prevalence, patterns, problems, and policy options. Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre. Wu, C., Lei, L., & Fan, C. (2021). The effect of gambling wins on gambling behavior: Evidence from a neural and behavioral study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 37(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-020-09934-2 Yusoff, H., & Lee, P. (2020). Public perception on legal and illegal gambling activities in Malaysia. Journal of Contemporary Studies, 14(3), 90–112. Zainudin, N. M., & Azmi, S. N. M. (2021). Pola ketagihan permainan digital berasaskan perjudian dalam kalangan pelajar IPT di Malaysia. Jurnal Kajian Media 3(1). 72–86.
Faktor Kelestarian Perniagaan Runcit dan Kaitannya dengan Budaya Niaga (Factors Sustainability of Retail Business and Its Relationship with Business Culture)
Budaya niaga dalam kalangan peniaga runcit kecil merupakan aspek penting dalam menentukan kelestarian perniagaan. Isu utama dalam kajian budaya niaga dan kelestarian perniagaan ialah kekurangan kajian empirikal yang mengaitkan nilai dan amalan budaya dengan daya tahan peniaga kecil dalam konteks ekonomi tempatan. Objektif kajian ini adalah mengkaji faktor-faktor budaya niaga yang mempengaruhi kejayaan peniaga di kawasan kajian, menganalisis budaya niaga sebagai elemen penentu kepada kejayaan mereka dalam perniagaan dan menganalisis faktor penentu kejayaan peniaga-peniaga di kawasan kajian. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan bertujuan dan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui soal selidik menggunakan skala Likert. Data dianalisis menggunakan program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 27. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa faktor sikap dan nilai merupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi kejayaan peniaga runcit yang merangkumi nilai kejujuran dan keramahan dalam membina hubungan baik dengan pelanggan. Keupayaan mereka untuk meningkatkan kesetiaan dan kepercayaan pelanggan juga penting untuk kelangsungan perniagaan. Selain itu, dapatan kajian juga mendapati bahawa kaedah penentu kejayaan menjadi faktor penentu kepada kejayaan peniaga runcit di kawasan kajian kerana kaedah atau strategi yang digunakan dalam menguruskan perniagaan dapat memberikan kesan yang signifikan terhadap prestasi dan keberhasilan peniaga. Keadaan ini menjelaskan bahawa kaedah yang berkesan dapat membantu meningkatkan produktiviti, kecekapan operasi, serta meningkatkan daya saing dalam pasaran. Implikasi kajian ini mendapati bahawa perniagaan runcit perlu diberi penekanan kerana ia juga merupakan penyumbang utama kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi mikro dan kelestarian jaringan perniagaan tempatan. Abstract: Business culture among small retail traders is an important aspect in determining business sustainability. The main issue in the study of business culture and business sustainability lies in the lack of empirical research that links cultural values and practices with the resilience of small traders within the local economic context. The objective of this study is to examine the cultural factors that influence the success of traders in the study area, analyzed business culture as a determining element of their business success, and identify the key success factors among traders in the area. This study employs a quantitative approach using purposive sampling, and data were collected through questionnaires based on a Likert scale. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. The findings indicate that attitude and values are the most influential factors affecting the success of retail traders, particularly values such as honesty and friendliness in building good relationships with customers. Their ability to enhance customer loyalty and trust is also crucial for business continuity. Furthermore, the study finds that methods or strategies for determining success are significant factors influencing the achievements of retail traders in the study area, as effective management methods can have a substantial impact on performance and business outcomes. Such effective approaches can help improve productivity, operational efficiency, and competitiveness in the market. The implications of this study highlight that the retail business sector should be given greater attention, as it represents a major contributor to microeconomic growth and the sustainability of local business networks. References Ahmad, N., & Rahman, R. (2021). 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Air, Sakral dan Naga Tasik Chini: Mitos, Politik Pascakolonial, dan Krisis Ekologi di Malaysia (Water, the Sacred and the Naga of Tasik Chini: Myth, Postcolonial Politics, and Ecological Crisis in Malaysia)
Naga Tasik Chini bukan sekadar kisah lagenda yang diwariskan turun-temurun, tetapi merupakan wacana budaya yang sarat dengan makna politik, ekologi, dan identiti kolektif masyarakat Malaysia. Artikel ini meneliti bagaimana lagenda tersebut telah direka ulang dan ditafsir semula dalam konteks Malaysia pascakolonial melalui proses pengkomodifikasian yang digerakkan oleh pelancongan, geopark, dan naratif pembangunan negara. Dengan menggabungkan pendekatan teori ekologi politik, pascakolonialisme, dan water humanities, perbincangan ini memperlihatkan bagaimana air Tasik Chini diposisikan sebagai “ruang sakral” yang kemudiannya berubah menjadi medan perebutan makna antara komuniti Orang Asli, agensi kerajaan, dan pasaran global. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan analisis dokumen yang diperoleh daripada perpustakaan, arkib, dan sumber atas talian. Ia menegaskan bahawa lagenda Naga Tasik Chini harus dibaca semula bukan hanya sebagai cerita rakyat, tetapi sebagai tapak kritik terhadap hegemoni pembangunan, marginalisasi komuniti tempatan, serta krisis ekologi kontemporari yang semakin parah. Kebaharuan artikel ini terletak pada usahanya menyingkap semula mitos air dalam konteks Malaysia pascakolonial dengan mendedahkan paradoks antara simbolisme warisan, eksploitasi sumber, dan realiti ekologi semasa, sekali gus memperluas horizon wacana tentang hubungan antara air, mitos, dan kuasa di Malaysia dan rantau Asia Tenggara. Abstract: The legend of the Naga of Tasik Chini is more than a tale passed down through generations; it constitutes a cultural discourse deeply embedded with political, ecological, and identity-based meanings. This article examines how the legend has been reimagined within the postcolonial Malaysian context through processes of commodification driven by tourism, geopark development, and state-led narratives of modernisation. Drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of political ecology, postcolonialism, and water humanities, the discussion reveals how the waters of Tasik Chini have been transformed from a “sacred space” into a contested site of meaning among the Orang Asli community, the state, and the global market. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research undertakes documentary analysis based on materials gathered from libraries, archives, and online sources. It argues that the legend of the Naga of Tasik Chini should be reread not merely as folklore, but as a critical locus for interrogating the hegemony of development, the marginalisation of indigenous communities, and the unfolding ecological crisis. The originality of this study lies in its reinterpretation of a water myth within Malaysia’s postcolonial setting, uncovering the paradox between heritage symbolism, resource exploitation, and environmental realities—thus expanding the intellectual horizon of political heritage studies on the interrelationship between water, myth, and power in Malaysia and the wider Southeast Asian region. References Abas, A., Islam, M. S., & Chek, T. C. (2008). Water quality of several feeder rivers between two seasons in Tasik Chini, Pahang. Sains Malaysiana, 37(4), 313-321. Abdullah, M. F. (2025). The Forgotten Waters: A Critique of Malaysian Historiography. Asian Journal of Environment, History and Heritage, 9(1), 111-128. Abdul Ghani, A. T., Zakaria, M. S. & Ramli, M. S. (2019). Rebuilding Lake Chini Telemetry System for Water Quality Monitoring. Sci.Int.(Lahore), 31(6),843-845. Akademi Sains Malaysia. (2023, July 6). 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Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 7 (4), 300-305 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (n.d.). Tasik Chini Biosphere Reserve, Malaysia. Man and the Biosphere Programme. Retrieved October 27, 2025, from https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/tasik-chini Yusuf, R. A., Fadzillah, F. I. M., Mohamad, J. B., & Razali, J. R. (2022). Pahang State Folklore Based On The Legend Of Chini Lake Dragon. International Journal of Humanities Technology and Civilization, 7(1), 22-25. Zainal, Z. I. (2021). Landscape of Loss: Poems on Lake Chini. Journal of Southeast Asian Ecocriticism, 1(1), 42-59.
A Systematic Review of AI Adoption in Green HRM
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly shaping the landscape of Human Resource Management (HRM), particularly in advancing environmentally sustainable practices under the umbrella of Green HRM. As digitalisation accelerates and environmental pressures intensify, the strategic use of AI in HRM has become a topic of growing scholarly interest. However, existing research remains fragmented, especially regarding how AI is operationalised in Green HR initiatives, what themes emerge, and which contextual factors influence its adoption. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to synthesise current academic discourse and examine the contribution of AI to Green HRM. Specifically, it addresses three research questions: (1) How is AI being applied in Green HRM practices? (2) What are the main themes and patterns emerging from the literature on AI and Green HRM? (3) What contextual factors influence the integration of AI into Green HRM initiatives? Guided by the PICo framework, the review focuses on Green HR practices (Problem), AI applications (Interest), and organisational environments (Context). A comprehensive database search was conducted across Scopus, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, SpringerLink, Emerald Insight, and Google Scholar. The PRISMA 2020 methodology was employed to ensure rigour in identification, screening, and inclusion. A total of 172 peer-reviewed journal articles (2019–2025) were reviewed. Findings reveal key themes, including AI-driven green recruitment, digital learning systems, ethical concerns, leadership influence, and implementation barriers such as infrastructure and institutional readiness. This SLR offers valuable insights to inform future academic inquiry and guide practitioners and policymakers in embedding AI within sustainable HRM strategies. References Ahmad, S., Javed, U., Sharma, C., & Siddiqui, M. S. (2025). Green human resource management: Analyzing sustainable practices and organizational impact through a Word2Vec approach. Green Technologies and Sustainability, 3(4), 100224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grets.2025.100224 Al-Oun, S., & Al-Khasawneh, Z. (2025). Sustainable human resource management and career quality in public utilities: Evidence from Jordan’s electricity sector. Sustainability, 17(11), 4866. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114866 Al-Swidi, A. K., Al-Hakimi, M. A., Al Koliby, I. S., & Al-Matari, Y. A. (2024). The role of digital transformation in boosting CSR-driven green innovation among Yemeni manufacturing SMEs. Discover Sustainability, 5, 299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00506-w Ameen, A., & Baharom, M. N. (2022). The assessment of the effect of performance appraisal purposes on employee performance in Nigerian civil service. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 16(5), 1–17. Dawra, S., Pathak, V., & Sharma, S. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) and green human resource management (GHRM) practices: A systemic review. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83797-442-920241006 Easubatham Armstrong Anand, J., Chandrakala, M., Reddy, A. H. H. N., & Raja Kamal, C. (2025). Sustainable GHRM through the use of artificial intelligence. In V. K. Gunjan, A. Kumar, J. M. Zurada, & S. N. Singh (Eds.), Computational intelligence in machine learning. ICCIML 2023. Lecture notes in electrical engineering (Vol. 1400). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-4391-2_19 Elshaer, I. A., Azazz, A. M., Mansour, A., Sameh, F., Mohamed, A., & Abuelkassem, M. A. A. (2025). Driving sustainability performance in hotels through green digital leadership and circular economy: The moderating role of hotel green efficacy. Systems, 13(6), 415. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13060415 Fang, X. (2025). Blockchain applications and corporate green development: Evidence from China. Environment, Development and Sustainability. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-025-06097-4 Gohain, T. T., & V. S., S. (2023). The imperative of green human resource management: Integrating sustainability in HR practices. ASCI Journal of Management, 52(2), 1–30. Gong, Y., Zhao, M., Wang, Q., & Lv, Z. (2022). Design and interactive performance of human resource management system based on artificial intelligence. PLOS ONE, 17(1), e0262398. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262398 Gupta, V., & Arora, M. (2025). Green human resource management and its sustainable organizational practices in the hospitality industry in India. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 16, 7665–7687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02207-1 Hao, F., Ng, W., Aman, A. M., & Zhang, C. (2025). Technology for sustainability: The impact of avatar-led green training on OCBE and green creativity. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 37(1), 140–160. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2023-1927 Huy, P. Q., & Phuc, V. K. (2024). Linking intelligent green accounting system with sustainable green practices in driving the sustainability performance of small and medium enterprises: Empirical evidence from an emerging country perspective. In A. T. Nguyen & L. Hens (Eds.), Global changes and sustainable development in Asian emerging market economies: Volume 1 (pp. 279–296). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68838-6_17 Jia, S., & Shang, H. (2024). Utilizing green financing in developing green HRM resources for carbon neutrality: Presenting multidimensional perspectives of China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(6), 8798–8811. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31560-y John, J. E., & Pramila, S. (2024). Integrating AI tools into HRM to promote green HRM practices. In M. S. Kaiser, J. Xie, & V. S. Rathore (Eds.), ICT: Smart systems and technologies. ICTCS 2023 (Vol. 878, pp. 259–270). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9489-2_22 Khan, A. N., & Kwan, H. K. (2025). AI, agility, and environmental performance: A new framework for construction project managers. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 151(3), 04025045. https://doi.org/10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-14584 Khan, A. N., Mehmood, K., & Ali, A. (2024). Maximizing CSR impact: Leveraging artificial intelligence and process optimization for sustainability performance management. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(5), 4849–4861. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2832 Liang, P., Sun, X., & Qi, L. (2024). Does artificial intelligence technology enhance green transformation of enterprises? Based on green innovation perspective. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(8), 21651–21687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-04225-6 Md Abu, I. G., Rahman, M. A., Hasan, M., & Karim, M. M. (2024). Leveraging green HRM to foster organizational agility and green culture: Pathways to enhanced sustainable social and environmental performance. Sustainability, 16(20), 8751. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208751 Mishra, A., & Barik, R. (2024). The role of artificial intelligence in augmenting green HRM for sustainable development: A bibliometric perspective. Srusti Management Review, 17(1), 117–126. Moreira, A., Rodrigues, A. C., & Ferreira, M. R. (2025). Where is human resource management in sustainability reporting? ESG and GRI perspectives. Sustainability, 17(7), 3033. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073033 Nguyen Thi, H. H., Pham, T. T., Le, Q. V., & Tran, M. N. (2024). Green human resource management and employees’ green behavioral intention: The role of individual green values and corporate social responsibility. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2386464. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2386464 Ogbeibu, S., Jabbour, C. J. C., Goni, F. A., & Park, Y. (2024). Demystifying the roles of organisational smart technology, artificial intelligence, robotics and algorithms capability: A strategy for green human resource management and environmental sustainability. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(2), 369–388. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3495 Sharma, C., Sakhuja, S., & Nijjer, S. (2022). Recent trends of green human resource management: Text mining and network analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 84916–84935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21471-9 Wan Sharazad, W.S., Mazlan, N., & Abdullah, N.-A. (2023). The role of organisational commitment as mediator in the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention among academicians in private higher education institutions. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 20(1), 396–406. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2001.33 Wu, C., Xu, W., Lu, H., & Zheng, J. (2024). Crossing spatial boundaries: A study on the impact of green human resource management on employees’ household pro-environmental behaviors. Sustainability, 16(21), 9330. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219330
The Effect of Displacement and Irregular Migration on Nigeria’s Development
This article examined how displacement and irregular migration heighten insecurity in Nigeria, it also determined how displacement and irregular migration undermined the economic contributions that Nigeria would have enjoyed from its youthful population. These were with the view to ascertain the effect of displacement and irregular migration on Nigeria’s development. In achieving these objectives, the article draws on materialism theory and qualitative method that were sourced through document analysis, using a desktop as a data collection instrument. The findings established that displacement and irregular migration of mainly the Nigerian youth, who constituted the majority of the country’s economically active population, significantly hampered the developmental intents of Nigeria. The findings contribute to the discussion on the dimension of human displacement and irregular migration in Nigeria. The findings have implications for expanding knowledge about ways the Nigerian government can utilize good governance and citizen engagement to address irregular migration and its effects on socio-economic development. It concluded that effective government performance in terms of meeting the citizens' expectations and promoting their well-being would reduce tendencies of displacement and irregular migration in Nigeria. References Adeniran, A. I. (2020). Gender Variability in Processes of Migrants’ Smuggling Along the Nigerian–Libyan Corridor. The Oriental Anthropologist: International Journal of the Science of Man, 20(2), 231-245. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972558X20952271 Adepoju, A. (2010). “Issues and Recent Trends in International Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa”. International Social Science Journal 52(165), 249-433. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2451.00267 Agunyai, S. C. (2018). Emerging Governance Crises in Twenty-First Century Nigeria. In A. Adebusuyi and K. Ikuteijo (Eds), Africa Now: Emerging issues and Alternative Perspectives. Springer Publication, (pp.211-239). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62443-3_10 Agunyai, S. C., & Olawoyin, K.W. (2019). Legislative-Executive Corruption and Good Governance in Nigeria: Insights from Buhari’s Administration in the Fourth Republic. In Omololu Fagbadebo and Fayth Ruffin (Eds), Perspectives on the Legislature of Accountability in Nigeria and South Africa. (pp.105-119). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93509-6_6 Agunyai, S.C., & Ojakorotu, V. (2021a). Governance Failure and formation of anti-state organizations: The Impact of the Amnesty Policy on the Development of Nigeria’s Niger-Delta, Nigeria. African Journal of Governance and Development, 10(2), 334-320. https://doi.org/10.36369/2616-9045/2021/v10i2a4 Agunyai, S. C., & Ojakorotu, V. (2021b). COVID-19, Human Displacement, and Expanding Crises of Insecurity in Africa: The case of Almajiri Children in Nigeria. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10(1), 1443–1454. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.165 Agunyai, S.C., & Phago, K (2024). The unsustainability of humanitarian aid in internally displaced people (IDP) camps in Nigeria, African Identities. https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2024.2422886. Agunyai, S.C. (2024). Migration and Development: Will migration by African leaders enhance knowledge transfer to revitalize Africa’s critical sectors? Insights from Nigeria. In V. Ojakorotu, K.T.P. Okudolo, (Eds) African Migration: Recent Trends, Key Influences, and Implications. (pp.149-170). Academic Press. https://www.academicapress.com/node/636 Asaduzzaman, M., & Virtanen, P. (2016). Governance Theories and Models. In: Farazmand, A. (eds) Global Encyclopaedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. (pp.1738–1742). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2612-1 Blackledge, P. (2006). Reflections on the Marxist Theory of History. Manchester University Press. https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9780719069567/ Brenner, Y., Forin, R., & Frouws, B. (2018, August 22). The ‘shift’ to the western Mediterranean migration route: Myth or reality? Mixed Migration Center (MMC). http://www.mixedmigration.org/articles/shift-to-the-western-mediterranean-migration-route/# Clemens, M. A., Postel, H. M. (2018). Deterring Emigration with Foreign Aid: An Overview of Evidence from Low-Income Countries. Population Development Review, 44(4), 667-693. https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12184. De Haas, H. (2008). Irregular migration from West Africa to the Maghreb and the European Union: An overview of recent trends. International Organization for Migration. https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/mrs-32_en.pdf Evie, B. (2015), Drivers of Irregular Migration in North Africa (GSDRC Helpdesk Research Report 1271). Birmingham, UK: GSDRC, University of Birmingham. https://www.iom.int/key-migration-terms Flahaux, M. L., & De Haas, H. (2016). African Migration: Trends, Patterns, Drivers. Comparative Migration Studies, 4(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-015-0015-6 . Fukuyama, F. (2013). What is governance? Center for Global Development. Working paper 314. https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/1426906_file_Fukuyama_What_Is_Governance.pdf. Goldin, I., Cameron, G., & Balarajan, M. (2011). Exceptional people: How migration shaped our world and will determine our future. Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691156316/exceptional-people?srsltid=AfmBOop2p3MnkhapoABHeTNED7hABLW3bFHrLKyc7AcOwBhlUXDIllw2 Guild, E. (2010). Criminalization of migration in Europe: Human rights implications (Issue paper). Council of Europe, Commissioner for Human Rights. https://www.statewatch.org/media/documents/news/2010/feb/coe-hamm-criminalisation-of-migration.pdf Ikenga, F. A., & Chima, O. (2021). Fundamentals of Good Governance: The Panacea for Development Performance in Nigeria. Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, 22(1), 21-41. https://doi.org/10.47743/-2021-22-02 Ikuteyijo, L.O. (2018). Between Prosecutors and Counsellors: State and Non-state Actors in the Rehabilitation of Victims of Human Trafficking in Nigeria. In: Hiralal, K., Jinnah, Z. (Eds) Gender and Mobility in Africa (pp. 139-157). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65783-7_8 Ikuteyijo, L. O. (2020). Irregular migration as a survival strategy: Narratives from youth in urban Nigeria. In M. McLean (Ed.), West African youth challenges and opportunity pathways. (pp. 53–78). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21092-2_3 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. (2017). Global report on internal displacement 2017. https://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2017 Jane F. (2012). Analysing the Gendered Insecurities of Migration. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 14(1), 36-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2011.631281 Jayawardhan, S. (2017). Vulnerability and Climate Change-Induced Human Displacement. Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development, 17(1), 103-142. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26188784. Koser, K. (2005, September 30). Irregular Migration, State Security, and Human Security. Global Commission on International Migration. https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl2616/files/2018-07/TP5.pdf Kumolu C., (2015, April 28). Suicide Trip to Europe by road: Uncovering Fatal Attraction Among Nigerian Migrants, Vanguard Newspapers. http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/04/suicide-trip-to-europe-by-road-uncovering-fatalattraction- among-Nigerian-migrant/ Lutterbeck, D. (2006). Policing Migration in the Mediterranean. Mediterranean Politics, 11(10), 59-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629390500490411 Mateko, F.M., & Vutula, N. (2024). Disaster-Induced Displacement and Durable Solutions in Africa. Natural Hazards, 120(1), 13835–13849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06750-7. Musa, S. Y. (2025). Banditry and Modern Slavery: (In)Security Dynamics in Nigeria. Journal of Economic Criminology, 10(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2025.100194. Odorige, C. E. (2016), ‘The Dark Side of Migration Remittances and Development: The Case of Edo Sex Trade in Europe’, Pécs Journal of International and European Law, 1(1), 18-31. https://journals.lib.pte.hu/index.php/pjiel/article/view/6861 Ojeme, V. (2016, October 28). 22,500 Nigerians crossed the Mediterranean Sea in 2016, says the EU. Vanguard Newspapers. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/22500-nigerians-cross-mediterranean-sea-2016-says-eu-2/ Okunade, S.K. (2017). “Perspectives on Illegal Routes in Nigeria”. African Research Review, 11(2), 14-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v11i2.2 Osezua, O.C. (2016) “The Gender and Religious Dimensions of Human Trafficking in Sub-Saharan Africa” in Ed. Jean–Guy Goulet: Religious Diversity Today: Experiencing Religion in the Contemporary World. Vol 3. Praeger Press. https://www.bloomsbury.com/in/religious-diversity-today-9798216138228/ Perkowska, M. M. (2016). Illegal, Legal, Irregular, or Regular-Who is the incoming foreigner? Studies in Logic Grammar and Rhetoric, 45(58), 187-197. https://doi.org/10.1515/slgr-2016-0024 Roelofs, P. (2023). Good Governance in Nigeria. In Good Governance in Nigeria: Rethinking Accountability and Transparency in the Twenty-First Century, (pp 105-145). Cambridge University Presshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781009235471 Tiziana T. (2013). An Emerging Regulatory Framework for Migration: The Libya–Italy Agreement and the Right of Exit. Griffith Law Review, 22(3), 648-665. https://doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2013.10877016 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2016). Report on Refugees in Europe, 2016. https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b d&q=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees+%28UNHCR%29+%282016%29.+Report+on+Refugees+in+Europe%2C+2016
Sociocultural Construction and the Persistence of Child Marriage in Semarang, Indonesia
Early marriage is a persistent problem that persists in various regions, such as Semarang, with a high number of cases. This article aims to examine the social construction of early marriage in Muslim community and its sociocultural impact. This research combines quantitative and qualitative methods. A total of 75 participants from the Muslim community and 32 child marriage participants were surveyed and interviewed. Interviews were used to describe the statistical data. The data were analyzed using an interactive model. The research findings indicate that the social construct of early marriage in Muslim society, based on the belief that it is done to avoid sin and for religious reasons, has been proven unfounded. There has been a shift in perceptions where child marriage is increasingly seen as a personal family matter rather than a religious obligation. Participants often cited psychological factors, such as a desire to marry early, or premarital pregnancies, as the main motivations behind their decisions. The social impact of early marriage is that perpetrators of early marriage feel inferior when participating in social activities in their village. During routine meetings, perpetrators of early marriage tend to be quiet and never provide input or "contribute to discussions" at village activities. The implications of this study relate to the need for targeted interventions that not only address the individual motivations for child marriage but also the broader community perspectives that permit its persistence. Tackling both aspects can lead to more effective strategies in reducing child marriages. References Agustina, A. M. (2022). Between culture and the sacredness of fiqh: The role of lebe in child marriage practices in Brebes, Indonesia [Antara budaya dan sakralitas fikih: Peran lebe dalam praktik perkawinan anak di Brebes, Indonesia]. Journal of Islamic Law, 3(2), 212–231. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v3i2.858 Agustina, S. (2021, March 8). Melindungi anak perempuan dari pernikahan dini. Kompas. Retrieved January 15, 2024, from https://www.kompas.id/baca/riset/2021/03/08/melindungi-anak-perempuan-dari-pernikahan-dini Afrin, T., & Zainuddin, M. (2021). Spike in child marriage in Bangladesh during COVID-19: Determinants and interventions. Child Abuse & Neglect, 112, 104918. Alqahtani, J., & Alqahtani, I. (2022). COVID-19 and child marriage: A red flag. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 31(7–8), e6–e7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16130 Arimurti, I., & Nurmala, I. (2017). Analisis pengetahuan perempuan terhadap perilaku melakukan pernikahan usia dini di Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Bondowoso. The Indonesian Journal of Public Health, 12(2), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v12i2.2017.249-262 Arshad, A. (2020, April 22). Child marriages on the rise in Indonesia amid COVID-19 outbreak. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/child-marriages-on-the-rise-in-indonesia-amid-covid-19-outbreak Astuti, T. M. P., et al. (2023). Model pencegahan pernikahan dini dan implikasinya terhadap kehidupan sosial budaya masyarakat [Laporan hasil penelitian]. LP2M Universitas Negeri Semarang. Bachtiar, F. R., Nirwana, N., & Darmadali, W. S. (2021). Kerjasama asing dengan pemerintah Indonesia dalam mengatasi peningkatan pernikahan anak selama pandemi COVID-19. Sipakalebbi, 5, 164–179. Bawono, Y., Hanim, L. M., & Astuti, J. S. (2022). Budaya dalam pernikahan dini. Jurnal Psikologi dan Ilmu Budaya, 22(1), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.26623/jdsb.v24i1.3508 Bengesai, A. V., Amusa, L. B., & Makonye, F. (2021). The impact of girl child marriage on the completion of the first cycle of secondary education in Zimbabwe: A propensity score analysis. PLOS ONE, 16(6), e0252413. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252413 Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (2012). Tafsir sosial atas kenyataan: Risalah tentang sosiologi pengetahuan (H. Basari, Trans.). LP3ES. Budiana, D. (2024). Women’s portrayal in Indonesia popular film. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(3), 674–684. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2103.53 Creswell, J. W. (2012). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE. Djamilah, & Kartikawati, R. (2014). Dampak perkahwinan anak di Indonesia. Jurnal Studi Pemuda, 3(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.32033 Esho, T., Matanda, D. J., Abuya, T., Abebe, S., Hailu, Y., Camara, K., … Osur, J. (2022). The perceived effects of COVID-19 pandemic on female genital mutilation/cutting and child or forced marriages in Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia and Senegal. BMC Public Health, 22, 601. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13043-w Fadhil, M., & Abdurrahman, Z. (2023). Upaya penyuluh agama Islam dalam mengurangi pernikahan usia dini di Binjai Selatan. Nuansa Akademik: Jurnal Pembangunan Masyarakat, 8(2), 311–328. Fajar, M. I. (2018, February 22). Angka perkawinan anak tinggi, Indonesia duduki peringkat ke-7 dunia. JawaPos. https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/humaniora/18/11/2018/angka-perkawinan-anak-tinggi-indonesia-duduki-peringkat-ke-7-di-dunia Gunawan, S. O., & Bahri, S. (2023). Impacts of early childhood marriage in Indonesia viewed from child protection laws perspectives. El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 6(2), 362–380. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v6i2.20262 Hanapi, A., & Yuhermansyah, E. (2020). Urgency of marriage registration for women and child protection in Gayo Lues District. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 4(2), 528–544. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v4i2.7942 Hassan, N. A., & Vellymalay, S. K. N. (2018). Wanita bekerja dan kahwin lewat: Satu kajian di Kuantan, Pahang. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 15(5), 128–144. Herawati, I., Hoesni, S. M., Manap, J., & Mohd Khatib, N. A. (2025). A systematic literature review of factors influencing marital readiness. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(1), 181–192. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2201.14 Hossain, M. J., Soma, M. A., Bari, M. S., Emran, T. B., & Islam, M. R. (2021). COVID-19 and child marriage in Bangladesh: Emergency call to action. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5(1), e001328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001328 Jamal, A., & Ikhwan, M. (2021). Kesepakatan menunda kehamilan bagi pasangan muda perspektif hukum Islam: Upaya menekan pernikahan dini di masa pandemi. 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A Study Of Community Workers' Use Of Biopsychosocial Skills To Improve The Subjective Well-Being Of Older Adults
This study explores how community workers in Nan Shuyuan Community, Pingliang City, Gansu Province, apply biopsychosocial (BPS) skills to enhance the subjective well-being of older adults. Using purposive sampling, six experienced community workers participated in focus group discussion. Findings reveal that community workers act as facilitators (social skills), providers (biological skills), and supporters (psychological skills), effectively guiding, supporting, teaching, and serving older adults. Their integrated approach improves older adults’ satisfaction with services, promotes healthier lifestyles, and fosters emotional well-being, ultimately enhancing their subjective well-being. Community workers address both material and emotional needs by building supportive networks, offering health education, and responding to psychological challenges. This comprehensive model not only benefits older adults but also supports the professional growth and mental health of community workers. They report increased job satisfaction, improved counseling skills, deeper trust with residents, and stronger community cohesion. The findings highlight the dual value of BPS-informed practices: enhancing the quality of life for older adults while promoting sustainable, fulfilling careers for frontline workers. This study recommends the broader adoption of biopsychosocial approaches in community-based older adults care. References Boustani, M. M., Frazier, S. L., Marin, D., Kirkpatrick, R., Patel, S., & Alford, K. (2025). A qualitative review of community health workers’ training, supervision, and service delivery needs. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-025-01439-w Cho, J., Kim, M. Y., & Lee, M. H. (2022). Psychological interventions for well-being in healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23, 2389–2403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00497-3 Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Tay, L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(4), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6 Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196(4286), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.847460 Gu, S., & Liu, S. (2025). A serial mediation model of physical exercise and loneliness: The role of frailty and depression. BMC Geriatrics, 25, 350. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05988-5 Had, N. H. C., Alavi, K., Akhir, N. M., Nur, I. R. M., Shakir, M., & Shuhaimi, Z. (2023). Cabaran penyedia perkhidmatan peneman mobiliti warga emas dalam aspek sumber manusia. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2001.23 Hildon, Z. J. L., Tan, C. S., Shiraz, F., Lim, F. Z., Ng, Z. J., Vrijhoef, H. J., & Subramaniam, M. (2018). The theoretical and empirical basis of a biopsychosocial (BPS) risk screener for detection of older people’s health related needs, planning of community programs, and targeted care interventions. BMC Geriatrics, 18, 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0739-x Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review. PLOS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316 Hong, S. I., & Morrow-Howell, N. (2010). Health outcomes of Experience Corps®: A high-commitment volunteer program. Social Science & Medicine, 71(2), 414–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.009 Joo, J. H., Jimenez, D. E., Xu, J., & Park, M. (2019). Perspectives on training needs for geriatric mental health providers: Preparing to serve a diverse older adult population. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(7), 728–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2019.02.003 Kennedy, M. A., Hatchell, K. E., DiMilia, P. R., Salyers, M. P., & Frazier, S. L. (2021). Community health worker interventions for older adults with complex health needs: A systematic review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 69(6), 1670–1682. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17156 Koay, W. I., & Dillon, D. (2020). Community gardening: Stress, well-being, and resilience potentials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 6740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186740 Levasseur, M., Routhier, S., Clapperton, I., Doré, C., & Gallagher, F. (2020). Social participation needs of older adults living in a rural regional county municipality: Toward reducing situations of isolation and vulnerability. BMC Geriatrics, 20(1), 456. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01852-9 Lim, F. Z., Shiraz, W., Ng, Z. J., Vrijhoef, H. J., & Hildon, Z. J. (2017). Recommendations for implementing a bio-psycho-social risk screener for stratified care at older ages. 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A. (2006). Neighborhood design and active aging. Health & Place, 12(4), 734–740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2005.08.002 Nieboer, A. P., & Cramm, J. M. (2022). Age-friendly communities and well-being realization among older native and immigrant populations in the Netherlands: A theory-guided study protocol. BMC Geriatrics, 22(1), 273. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03048-1 Nyqvist, F., Forsman, A. K., Giuntoli, G., & Cattan, M. (2013). Social capital as a resource for mental well-being in older people: A systematic review. Aging & Mental Health, 17(4), 394–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2012.742490 Phillipson, C. (2007). The ‘elected’ and the ‘excluded’: Sociological perspectives on the experience of place and community in old age. Ageing & Society, 27(3), 321–342. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X06005729 Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster. Rijeng, I. S., Alavi, K., Aziz, S. F. A., & Manap, J. (2024). Active ageing and older adults' volunteerism in Asia: A systematic review. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(3), 416–434. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2103.32 Sanabria-Mazo, J. P., Colomer-Carbonell, A., Fernández-Vázquez, Ó., López-Pina, J. A., & García-Campayo, J. (2023). A systematic review of cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions for comorbid chronic pain and clinically relevant psychological distress. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1200685. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1200685 Saud, M., Mashud, M. I., & Ida, R. (2021). Effectiveness of social support networks in improving mental well-being among older adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6789. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136789 Scott, T. L., Masser, B. M., & Pachana, N. A. (2020). Positive aging benefits of home and community gardening activities: Older adults report enhanced self-esteem, productive endeavours, social engagement and exercise. SAGE Open Medicine, 8, 2050312120901732. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312120901732 Spadoni, N., Baron, A., Zavala, E., Miller, S., & Rodríguez, J. (2024). Community health worker training on older adults: A qualitative needs assessment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 72(9), 2825–2833. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18413 Wang, Y. H., Wang, Y. L., Leung, D. K. Y., Xu, L., & Li, X. (2025). Effectiveness of an age-modified mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in improving mental health in older people with depressive symptoms: A non-randomised controlled trial. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 25, 81. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04781-6 Wiles, J. L., & Jayasinha, R. (2013). Care for place: The contributions older people make to their communities. 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The Impact of Internet Knowledge Spillover Effects on Rural Human Capital in China: The Role of Digital Literacy
The digital revolution has become the internet an indispensable instrument for the dissemination of information. This is particularly evident in rural China, where it significantly contributes to the development of human capital. This study investigates the effect of online information dissemination on rural human capital, particularly focusing on the role of digital literacy on agricultural productivity. Agriculturalists proficient in computer usage may access valuable information, such as market data and agronomic advice, facilitating improved decision making and enhanced operational efficiency. This, thus, aids them in tackling various challenges encountered by rural regions. The research employed a mixed methods approach, using national statistics, surveys, and comprehensive interviews to assess the influence of internet based knowledge on rural human capital. The findings indicate that instructing farmers in the proper use of digital platforms can enhance their productivity and foster sustainable development in rural regions. The implementation of targeted training programs and appropriate standards is essential, as evidenced by issues such as inadequate infrastructure and insufficient digital competencies. These difficulties must be resolved to facilitate the unobstructed flow of information, enhance agricultural practices, and provide new possibilities in rural regions. We provide critical insights on how digital literacy may bridge the digital divide and enhance economic development in rural regions by facilitating access to online resources. References Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D. B., & Lehmann, E. E. (2013). The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 41(4), 757–774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9505-9 Ahmed, E. M. (2017). ICT and Human Capital Spillover Effects in Achieving Sustainable East Asian Knowledge-Based Economies. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 8(3), 1086–1112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-016-0430-4 Ali, M., Cantner, U., & Roy, I. (2016). Knowledge spillovers through FDI and trade: The moderating role of quality-adjusted human capital. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 26(4), 837–868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-016-0462-8 Arbine, S., & Hamid, M. S. A. (2024). Developing and Validating a Digital Literacy Assessment: Bridging the Digital Divide among Adolescents in Sabah, Malaysia. E-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(4). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2104.16 Bagaeva, N. Y., & Ivanov, N. Y. (2021). Digital Literacy of the Rural Population of Yakutia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 720(1), 012131. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/720/1/012131 Barnes, A. P., Soto, I., Eory, V., Beck, B., Balafoutis, A. 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Promoting Academic Competence in Vocational Education and Training of Lecturers Through Professional Development Programmes: A Case Study Approach
This study explores the enhancement of academic competence among lecturers in Vocational Education and Training (VET) through targeted professional development programmes. This poses a challenge to effective teaching and learning, particularly in South Africa, where TVET colleges are expected to play transformative role. Using a qualitative case study design, the research engaged eight participants, comprising management and lecturers, from two randomly selected colleges to understand their perceptions and experiences regarding competence development. Random sampling was adopted to select colleges from a district because any college had probability to be selected. The purpose of random sampling was to determine if the participants needed professional development and the level of their needs. Data was collected through interviews and reflective diaries and analysed using a data matrix. The findings reveal that while lecturers recognise the value of professional development, significant gaps remain in subject knowledge, didactic skills, and the application of adult education principles. Participants also highlighted constraints such as limited institutional support and inconsistent access to training opportunities. The study concludes that structured and sustained professional development initiatives are essential for cultivating critical thinking, improving teaching efficacy, and ultimately revitalising VET institutions. It recommends a systemic approach to lecturer training that integrates academic, pedagogical, and practical competencies to meet contemporary educational demands. References Akiba, M., & Liang, G. (2016). Effects of teacher professional learning activities on student achievement growth. The Journal of Educational Research, 109(1), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2014.924470 Alordiah, C. O., & Ossai, J. N. (2023). Enhancing questionnaire design: Theoretical perspectives on capturing attitudes and beliefs in social studies research. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 8(10). Anthonie, A. N. (2024). A sociolinguistic appraisal of an under-researched (higher) education setting: The heteroglossic realities of the South African technical vocational education and the training sector. [Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch University]. Bajis, D., Chaar, B., & Moles, R. (2020). Rethinking competence: A Neus of educational models in the context of lifelong learning. Phamarcy, 8(2), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8020081 Bin Superi, M. F., & Naqshbandi, M. M. (2022). Lecturer competencies and student academic performance: Examining the moderating role of student motivation. International Journal of Management in Education, 16(5), 463. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmie.2022.10049940 Chen, P., Goncharova, A., Li, J., & Frommberger, D. (2023). Competence-based approaches in curricula: A comparative analysis of Russian and chinese commercial vocational education and training Programmes. Research in Comparative and International Education, 19(1), 63–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/17454999231219840 Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2014). Thematic analysis. Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, 1947–1952. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_311. Darling-Hammond, L. (2017). Teacher education around the world: What can we learn from international practice? Europe Journal of Teacher Education, 40(3), 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2017.1315399. David, W. A. (2023). Synergising the creation of knowledge processes in a technical and vocational education and training college with industry demands for sustainable lecturer learning environments. [Doctoral dissertation, University of the Free State]. Doiron, N. (2023). Faculty members’ authentic self-leadership: Exploratory, mixed methods research of alberta comprehensive community colleges. [Doctoral thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada]. Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca. Dlamini, B. T. P. (2022). The professional development of lecturers in a higher education institution in Eswatini: A case study. [Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch University]. Duffy, C. (2024). Empowering adult educators: Consideration of how we can create sustainable communities of practice for critical reflection to develop transformative teaching practices. [Doctoral Dissertation] National University of Ireland Maynooth. Fatima, N., & Mehmood, M. I. (2024). Understanding faculty perspectives on the integration of online learning resources within academic libraries. Pakistan JL Analysis & Wisdom, 3,160. Frenay, M., & Saroyan, A. (2023). Building Teaching Capacities in Higher Education. Faculty development across Europe and Canada. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003443346-8. Isa, A. (2020). Engaging the academy to improve professionalism in Nigeria’s intelligence community. [Doctoral Dissertation, University of Buckingham]. Ismailova, M. B. (2024). Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the task-based and integrative approaches aimed at improving strategic competence in the process of teaching English. МУҒАЛЛИМ ҲӘМ ҮЗЛИКСИЗ БИЛИМЛЕНДИРИЎ, 1(1), 104-116. Kim, A. S. N., Shakory, S., Azad, A., Popovic, C., & Park, L. (2020). Understanding the impact of attendance and participation on academic achievement. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psycology, 6(4), 272–284. https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000151 Lin, J. C. (2024). Promoting education about and for sustainable development: Assessing the incorporation of SDGs in Chinese higher education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 25(7), 1469–1483. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-09- 2023-0444 Maseko, V. J. C. K. (2022). Perceptions of TVET lecturers on the relationship between professional collaboration and professional learning communities in Gauteng TVET College Campuses. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Johannesburg, South Africa]. Manwa, L., Chireshe, R., & Chireshe, E. (2020). Perceived impact of attitudes and competencies of lecturers on academic performance of female students at a University in Zimbabwe. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 21(1), 328342. https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol21/iss1/24 Miller, A. (2022). Building futures: Indigenous-led energy transitions in alberta. [Master’s dissertation, Department of resource economics and environmental sociology, University of Alberta]. Mulder, M., & Winterton, J. (2017). Introduction. In M. Mulder (Ed.), Competence-based vocational and professional education: Bridging the worlds of work and education (pp. 1–43). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41713-4_1 Munusamy, M. M. (2021). Advancing internationalisation of higher education in Malaysia and its rationales through international networking: The ASEM education process [Doctoral dissertation University of Malaya, Malaysia]. Musyoka-Kamere, I., Sifuna, D. N., & Kombo, K. (2023). Chapter Four: Teacher education, teaching and vocational education and training and university education in Tanzania. In The development of tertiary education in the Eastern African region (pp. 106–120). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Pizzuti, C., Palmieri, C., & Shaw, T. (2024). Australian medical regulations and strengthened continuing professional development (CPD): A policy implementation gap analysis with the specialist medical colleges. Focus on health professional education: A Multi-Professional Journal 25(3), 59–84. https://doi.org/10.11157/fohpe.v25i3.763. Qi, J. (2021). China’s international higher education policies 2010–2019: Multiple logics and HEI responses. Higher Education, 83(3), 695–710. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-021-00695-7. Raj, R. K., Sabin, M., Impagliazzo, J., Bowers, D., Daniels, M., Hermans, F., Kiesler, N., Kumar, A. N., MacKellar, B., McCauley, R., Nabi, S. W., & Oudshoorn, M. (2021). Toward practical computing competencies. In Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (Vol. 2, pp. 603–604). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3456565.3461442 Rangasamy, R. (2023). Exploring a professional learning community’s knowledge for teaching stoichiometry. [Master’s dissertation, faculty of humanities, University of the Witwatersrand]. Schroeder, C. M. (2023). Introduction. In Coming in from the margins (pp. 1–13). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003443476-1 Shagama, B., & Pallangyo, B. (2024). Factors affecting youth accessibility to vocational education training (VET) in Singida Municipality. African Journal of Accounting and Social Sciences, 6(1). Shanks, R. (2023). Informal coaching and mentoring and an “informal turn” in teacher professional learning. International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education, 12(4), 440–452. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijmce-10-2022-0091 Singh, S., & Ehlers, S. (2020). Employability as a global norm: Comparing transnational employability policies of OECD, ILO, World Bank Group, and UNESCO. In International and Comparative Studies in Adult and Continuing Education (pp. 131–147). https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-155-6.09 Smith, E., Hodge, S., & Yasukawa, K. (2015). VET teacher education in Australian universities: Who are the students and what are their views about their courses? 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Understanding barriers to optimal supervision and delivery of the National Certificate (Vocational) curriculum through TVET college lecturers’ reflective evaluations. REID (Research and Evaluation in Education), 10(1), 80–98. https://doi.org/10.21831/reid.v10i1.72274 Yan, L. (2024). A model of lecturers’ professional development in business school of research universities in the 21st century. Advances in Social Behaviour Research, 6(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7102/6/2024048 Zatti, J. P., & Mizukami, M. da G. N. (2022). The contribution of learning sequences design for teacher professional development in higher school vocational education. In Education and New Developments 2022 – Volume I (pp. 120–124). https://doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end026 Zhao, Y., Zhao, M., & Shi, F. (2023). Integrating moral education and educational information technology: A strategic approach to enhance rural teacher training in universities. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(3), 15053–15093. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01693-z Zhang, N. (2025). Policies and practices of and conditions for professional development for middle leaders in Chinese higher vocational colleges [Doctoral dissertation, University of Glasgow].
Kepimpinan Sebagai Penggerak Kajian Tindakan: Penilaian Instrumen bagi Menyemai Kualiti Guru Sekolah Rendah (Leadership as a Catalyst for Action Research: Instrument Validation for Cultivating Teacher Quality in Primary Schools)
: Peningkatan profesionalisme guru dalam pendidikan abad ke-21 menuntut pendekatan reflektif dan berasaskan data seperti kajian tindakan. Namun, pelaksanaan kajian tindakan dalam kalangan guru sekolah rendah masih bersifat tidak konsisten akibat kekangan masa, kurang sokongan kepimpinan, serta ketiadaan instrumen yang sah untuk menilai amalan ini secara sistematik. Kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan dan menilai kesahan serta kebolehpercayaan satu instrumen yang mengukur pembudayaan kajian tindakan oleh guru besar, komitmen guru terhadap kajian tindakan, dan kualiti guru sekolah rendah. Kajian rintis ini menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan kuantitatif melibatkan 107 orang guru sebagai sampel rintis. Analisis kesahan meliputi penilaian kandungan oleh lima pakar bidang, kesahan muka oleh tiga pakar bahasa dan 30 guru, serta kesahan konstruk melalui Model Rasch menggunakan perisian Winsteps versi 3.73. Hasil analisis menunjukkan 65 item akhir berada dalam julat statistik kesesuaian yang diterima (Infit/Outfit MNSQ 0.5-1.5), unidimensionaliti disokong melalui PCA residual, dan instrumen mempunyai keupayaan diskriminatif yang tinggi dengan indeks pengasingan responden 6.28. Nilai kebolehpercayaan dalaman adalah sangat tinggi dengan Cronbach’s Alpha (0.99) dan korelasi skor-logit (0.96). Pemetaan Wright menunjukkan penyebaran item yang seimbang, walaupun terdapat keperluan menambah item berkesukaran tinggi bagi menangani isu mistargeting. Secara keseluruhan, instrumen ini sah, konsisten, dan kontekstual untuk menilai budaya penyelidikan di sekolah, merancang intervensi latihan guru, serta menyokong pelaksanaan dasar pendidikan berasaskan data. Abstract: The enhancement of teacher professionalism in 21st-century education requires reflective and data-driven approaches such as action research. However, the implementation of action research among primary school teachers in Malaysia remains inconsistent due to time constraints, heavy workload, lack of leadership support, and the absence of valid instruments to systematically evaluate this practice. This study aimed to develop and validate a new instrument measuring the culture of action research led by principals, teachers’ commitment to action research, and teacher quality. A quantitative survey design was employed with 107 primary school teachers as pilot respondents. Validity analyses included content validation by five subject-matter experts, face validation by three Malay language experts and 30 teachers, and construct validation through the Rasch Measurement Model using Winsteps version 3.73. Findings indicated that 65 final items fell within the acceptable fit range (Infit/Outfit MNSQ 0.5–1.5), with unidimensionality supported by PCA residuals. The instrument demonstrated high discriminative power (person separation index = 6.28) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.99; person score-to-measure correlation = 0.96). The Wright Map confirmed balanced targeting between items and respondents, though additional high-difficulty items are recommended to address mistargeting issues. Overall, the instrument is valid, reliable, and contextually relevant for large-scale studies, enabling the assessment of research culture in schools, guiding teacher training interventions, and supporting evidence-based educational policies. References Adhikari, N. P. (2023). Teachers’ problems and concerns in teacher education. Interdisciplinary Research in Education, 8(1), 125-135. https://doi.org/10.3126/ire.v8il.56732 Ag-Ahmad, N., Mohamed, A. T. F. S., & Bakar, E. W. (2023). Systematic review on issues and challenges of pre-service English teachers in Malaysia. Journal a Publication on the Teaching and Learning of English, 34(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v34i1/1-20 Ambon, J., Alias, B. S., & Mansor, A. N. (2024). Hubungan amalan pembangunan profesionalisme berterusan guru dengan kualiti PdPc guru di Sarawak. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(4), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2104.07 Aulls, M. W., & Shore, B. M. (2023). Inquiry in education, Volume I: The conceptual foundations for research as a curricular imperative. Routledge. Bahagian Profesionalisme Guru. (2023). Dokumen Kompetensi Guru Bidang STEM. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Bond, T. G., & Fox, C. M. (2015). Applying the Rasch Model: Fundamental measurement in the human sciences (3rd ed.). Routledge. Chukwuma, N., & Zondo, R. W. D. (2025). Impact of Climate Change on Teaching and Learning: A Literature Review Perspective of Higher Education in Africa. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 22(2), 45-59. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2202.45 El-Den, S., Schneider, C. R., Mirzaei, A., & Carter, S. R. (2020). How to measure a latent construct: Psychometric principles for the development and validation of measurement instruments. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 28(4), 326–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/IJPP.12600 Fullan, M. 2015. The new meaning of educational change (5th ed.). Teachers College Press. Latip, N. A., & Abd Latif, S. (2024). Strategi pemimpin sekolah dalam menangani isu ketidakupayaan guru melaksanakan inovasi pengajaran di sekolah menengah. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(4), 122–134. Linacre, J. M. (2022). Winsteps® Rasch measurement computer program user’s guide (Version 5.2.5). Winsteps.com. Makhsin, M., Teoh, Y., & Ismail, N. (2022). Malaysian Teacher Standard 2.0 in becoming the soul of educators. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 7(46), 26-39. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.746026. Moktar, A., Alias, B. S., & Rasul, M. S. (2024). Exploring factors in teachers’ action research: A case study analysis, Educational Administration: Theory And Practice, 30(4), 10106-10116. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i4.6177 Mustapha, N. A., & Rahman, A. F. A. (2024). Amalan Penyelidikan dalam Kalangan Guru: Cabaran dan Strategi Pengukuhan di Sekolah Rendah. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(4), 89–101. Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (7th ed.). Routledge. Rostini, D., Syam, R.Z.A., & Achmad, W. (2022). The significance of principal management on teacher performance and quality of learning. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan 14(2), 2513-2520. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i2.1721 Talib, S., Alias, B. S., & Matore, M. E. M. (2024). Principal competency, teacher readiness, and teacher commitment in STEM education implementation: A qualitative study. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(4), Article 30. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2104.30 Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd Tifanny, R. S. N., & Roie, M. U. (2024). Cultivating action research culture among Teachers. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 7(7), 3179-3194. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-15 Widayati, A., MacCallum, J., & Woods-McConney, A. (2021). Teachers’ perceptions of continuing professional development: A study of vocational high school teachers in Indonesia. Teacher Development, 25(5), 604-621. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2021.1933159 Wright, B. D., & Masters, G. N. (1982). Rating scale analysis. MESA Press. Youngs, P., & Printy, S. M. (2022). 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Kerelevanan, Keseimbangan dan Kelestarian Pelaburan Pengurusan Bencana Banjir (Relevance, Balance, And Sustainability In Flood Disaster Management Investment)
Pelaburan dalam pengurusan bencana banjir memerlukan pendekatan penilaian yang menyeluruh bagi memastikan setiap keputusan yang dibuat adalah relevan, seimbang dan lestari dalam konteks pembangunan negara. Pengurusan pelaburan dalam projek mitigasi bencana banjir kini berdepan cabaran penilaian yang tidak seimbang apabila indikator ekonomi konvensional lebih diberi keutamaan berbanding nilai sosial dan alam sekitar. Pergantungan kepada ukuran ekonomi semata-mata sering menyebabkan nilai sosial dan alam sekitar kurang diberi perhatian kerana ketiadaan metrik standard untuk menilai nilai tidak ketara yang terhasil daripada sesuatu intervensi. Sehubungan itu, Social Return on Investment (SROI) diperkenalkan sebagai satu kerangka analisis yang mengkuantifikasikan nilai sosial, ekonomi dan alam sekitar melalui penggunaan proksi kewangan, sekali gus menjadikan nilai subjektif lebih jelas, terukur dan berupaya diterjemahkan dalam bentuk yang mudah difahami oleh pemegang taruh yang terlibat. Artikel ini membincangkan kerelevanan, keseimbangan serta kelestarian pelaburan pengurusan bencana banjir menerusi aplikasi SROI, di samping menekankan peranannya dalam meningkatkan ketelusan, komunikasi dan justifikasi peruntukan sumber. Kajian kes Projek Tebatan Banjir (PTB) Sungai Muda menunjukkan bahawa setiap RM1.00 pelaburan menghasilkan RM4.88 nilai sosial yang dimonetisasi, membuktikan keberkesanan dan kewajaran pelaburan tersebut diteruskan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa pulangan sosial yang dijana jauh melebihi kos pelaburan, membuktikan keberkesanan projek tersebut dalam mengurangkan risiko bencana serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan komuniti. SROI merupakan alat bagi meningkatkan ketelusan dan justifikasi penggunaan sumber awam. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menegaskan bahawa SROI bukan sekadar instrumen penilaian, tetapi satu pendekatan strategik yang mampu menyokong pembuatan keputusan berasaskan bukti serta memastikan pelaburan mitigasi banjir lebih mampan, inklusif dan berpandangan jangka panjang. Abstract: Investment in flood disaster management requires a comprehensive evaluation approach to ensure that all decisions made are relevant, balanced, and sustainable within the context of national development. Investment management in flood mitigation projects currently faces assessment challenges, as conventional economic indicators are often prioritised over social and environmental values. Reliance solely on economic measures frequently results in limited attention to social and environmental benefits due to the absence of standard metrics capable of assessing the intangible value generated by an intervention. Accordingly, the Social Return on Investment (SROI) framework is introduced as an analytical tool that quantifies social, economic, and environmental value through the use of financial proxies, thereby making subjective benefits clearer, measurable, and easily understood by stakeholders. This article examines the relevance, balance, and sustainability of investments in flood disaster management through the application of SROI, while also emphasising its role in enhancing transparency, communication, and justification of resource allocation. The case study of the Sungai Muda Flood Mitigation Project (SMFMP) shows that every RM1.00 invested yields RM4.88 in monetised social value, demonstrating the effectiveness and rationale for continuing such investments. The findings indicate that the social returns generated far exceed the investment costs, validating the project’s effectiveness in reducing disaster risks and improving community well-being. SROI also serves as a tool to strengthen transparency and justification for the use of public resources. Overall, this study affirms that SROI is not merely an evaluation instrument but a strategic approach capable of supporting evidence-based decision-making and ensuring that flood mitigation investments are more sustainable, inclusive, and long-term oriented. References Antonaras, A., Iocovidou, M., & Memtsa, C. (2011). Measuring social return on investment using the EBEN GR business ethics excellence model. Current Issues of Business and Law, 6(1), 69–89. Arvidson, M., Battye, F., & Salisbury, D. (2014). The social return on investment in community befriending. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 27(3), 225–240. Boyd, J. (2011, March & November). Valuation of ecosystem services. Ecosystem Service Seminar Series. Cabinet Office of the Third Sector. (2010). A guide to social return on investment. https://www.bond.org.uk Columbia University. (2010). Sustainable return on investment: A pathway towards the diffusion of sustainability measurement and communication. Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs. Contor, H., Bechauf, R., & Guzzetti, M. (2025). Sustainable asset valuation of nature-based flood mitigation infrastructure in Drakenstein, South Africa. International Institute for Sustainable Development. Emerson, J. (2003). The blended value proposition: Integrating social and financial returns. California Management Review, 45, 35–51. European SROI Network. (2009a). The monetization principle. http://www.sroieurope.org Gibbon, J., & Dey, C. (2011). Developments in social impact measurement in the third sector: Scaling up or dumbing down? Social and Environmental Accountability Journal, 31(1), 63–72. Gibson, F., Pannell, D., Boxall, P., Burton, M., Johnston, R., Kragt, M., Rogers, A., & Rolfe, J. (2016). Non-market valuation in the economic analysis of natural hazards (Working Paper No. 1604). School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Western Australia. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.236941 Gupta, S. K. (2019). An introduction to social return on investment. Amity Journal of Commerce and Financial Review, 2(2), 7–16. Hamelmann, C., Turatto, F., & Dyakova, M. (2017). Social return on investment: Accounting for value in the context of implementing Health 2020 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Investment for Health and Development Discussion Paper). WHO Regional Office for Europe. Krlev, G., Munscher, R., & Mulbert, K. (2012). Social return on investment (SROI): State-of-the-art and perspectives. http://www.csi.uni-heidelberg.de Kuckshinrichs, W., Kronenberg, T., & Hansen, P. (2010). The social return on investment in the energy efficiency of building in Germany. Energy Policy, 38, 4317–4329. Lightbody, L., & Fuchs, M. (2018, January 11). Every $1 invested in disaster mitigation saves $6: Spending to reduce risk saves lives and creates jobs, key study finds. The Pew Charitable Trusts. https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2018/01/11/every-1-invested-in-disaster-mitigation-saves Mertens, S., Xhauflair, V., & Marée, M. (2015). Questioning the social return on investment (SROI) (SOCENT Publication No. 2015–1). Munthe, A. A., Nazaruddin, & Sembiring, M. T. (2024). Applying of social return on investment (SROI): A practical review to financial social value and benefits. Jurnal Sistem Teknik Industri, 26(1), 1–10. New Economics Foundation. (2004). Measuring social impact: The foundation of social return on investment (SROI). New Economics Foundation. New Economics Foundation. (2005). Social return on investment: Valuing what matters – Findings and recommendations from a pilot study. New Economics Foundation. New Economics Foundation. (2010). Measuring value: A guide to social return on investment (SROI) (2nd ed.). New Economics Foundation. Nicholls, J., Lawlor, E., & Goodspeed, T. (2009). A guide to social return on investment. The Cabinet Office. Pathak, P., & Dattani, P. (2014). Social return on investment: The three technical challenges. Social Enterprise Journal, 10(2), 91–104. Pinelli, M., Manetti, S., & Lettieri, E. (2023). Assessing the social and environmental impact of healthcare technologies: Towards an extended social return on investment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20, 5224. Rauscher, O., Schober, C., & Millner, R. (2012). Social impact measurement and social return on investment (SROI)-analysis: New methods of economic evaluation? [Working paper]. Rotheroe, N., & Richards, A. (2007). Social return on investment and social enterprise: Transparent accountability for sustainable development. Social Enterprise Journal, 3(1), 31–48. Social Ventures Australia Consulting. (2012). Social return on investment: Lessons learned in Australia. http://www.socialadventures.com.au Suryawati, R. F., Firmandani, W., Akbar, A., & Suharno, N. E. (2024). The impact assessment of CSR program using social return on investment (SROI): A lesson from Pertamina Patra Niaga Integrated Terminal Jakarta Indonesia. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 21, 398–409. The Compact. (2012). Social value and the implications for local compacts: Guidance note. The Compact. Tuan, M. T. (2008). Measuring and/or estimating social value creation: Insights into eight integrated cost approaches. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. https://www.gatesfoundation.org/learning/documents/wwl-report-measuring-estimating-social-value-creation.pdf Wong, K. L., Lim, A. S., & Halim, N. (2025). Applying SROI for community empowerment grants in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities. Wood, C., & Leighton, D. (2010). Measuring social value: The gap between policy and practice. Demos. Zappalà, G., & Lyons, M. (2009). Recent approaches to measuring social impact in the third sector: An overview (CSI Background Paper No. 6).
Nyai Roro Kidul: Water, Gender, and the Politics of Sacred Sovereignty in Javanese Cosmology
This article examines Ratu Laut Selatan, Nyai Roro Kidul, as a Javanese cosmological text that binds water, gender, and sovereignty within an interconnected regime of meaning. It argues that water functions not merely as an ecological medium but as a cosmological infrastructure of power legitimising rule through the sacred union between the king and the sea queen. By situating the Southern Ocean as a sacred and feminine domain, the study reveals how the feminisation of water creates a dialectic in which the female body of water is both alluring and threatening, sustaining patriarchal authority while expressing feminine agency that resists control.Integrating hydro-cosmology and hydrofeminism, the analysis interprets rituals, taboos, colour symbolism, and natural phenomena as political signs. The Merapi, Keraton, and Ocean axis is read as a dynamic framework of sovereignty balancing human, natural, and spiritual realms. Within this configuration, water emerges as a gendered space of power, generating obedience, fear, and devotion through ceremonial and oral traditions that delineate what is permitted and forbidden. At the local level, the study demonstrates how Javanese water cosmology shapes ideas of sovereignty through nature and feminine symbolism. At the global level, it enriches hydropolitics by introducing a paradigm of the sea as a locus of power and feminine sacrality, rarely explored in social science and humanities. Reading Nyai Roro Kidul as a hydropolitical text, this article calls for expanding water politics theory to include cultural and cosmological dimensions in understanding how water organises ecology, economy, and the imagination of sovereignty. References Abdullah, M. F. (2025). The Forgotten Waters: A Critique of Malaysian Historiography. Asian Journal of Environment, History and Heritage, 9(1), 111-128. Andayani, A., & Jupriono, J. (2019). Representation of Nyi Roro Kidul in myth, legend, and popular culture. Anaphora: Journal of Language, Literary, and Cultural Studies, 2(1), 28-36. Anderson, B. R. O. (1972). The Idea of Power in Javanese Culture. Cornell Univ. Bakker, K. (2012). Water: Political, biopolitical, material. Social Studies of Science, 42(4), 616-623. Beatty, A. (1999). Varieties of Javanese Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cielemęcka, O., & Åsberg, C. (2019). Introduction: Toxic embodiment and feminist environmental humanities. Environmental Humanities, 11(1), 101-107. https://doi.org/10.1215/22011919-7349433 Damayanti, N. Y., Pandanwangi, A., Dewi, B. S., Apin, A. M., & Woelandhary, A. D. (2020). The Mythos of Nyai Roro Kidul and Sea Life as an Inspiration Alternative to Development the Motifs of Java Coast of Batik Story Telling. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Interdisciplinary Arts and Humanities (ICONARTIES 2019), Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 547-554. Friend, M. (2006). Kanjeng Ratu Kidul, the elusive goddess of Java. TAASA Review, 15, 14-15. Geertz, C. (1980). Negara: The Theatre State in 19th Century Bali. Princeton University Press. Hughes-Freeland, F. (2008). Embodied communities: dance traditions and change in Java (Vol. 2). Berghahn Books. Irma. (2025, Januari 21). Nyi Roro Kidul mengurai 5 mitos dan fakta di balik kisah Ratu Pantai Selatan. KoranRM.id. https://radarmukomuko.bacakoran.co/read/10138/nyi-roro-kidul-mengurai-5-mitos-dan-fakta-di-balik-kisah-ratu-pantai-selatan#google_vignette Jalil, A. (2015). Memaknai tradisi upacara labuhan dan pengaruhnya terhadap masyarakat parangtritis. el Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam, 17(1), 101-113. Kam, J. C. W. (2021). Ratu Kidul Rendered: Claiming and Counterclaiming Spiritual Space in Yogyakarta. [Doctoral dissertation], University of Michigan. Karsono, B., & Wahid, J. (2008). Imaginary axis as a basic morphology in the city of Yogyakarta-Indonesia. 12nd International Conference on Build Environment in Developing Countries, Penang, Malaysia, 187‐195. Keeler, W. (2017). Javanese shadow plays, Javanese selves. Princeton University Press, Kristianto, A., Singgih, E. G., & Haryono, S. C. (2024). Nyi Roro Kidul and Marine Eco-Pneumatology: Javanese Contextual Theological Studies in Maritime Society, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. International Journal of Asian Christianity, 7(1), 103-118. Linton, J., & Budds, J. (2014). The hydrosocial cycle: Defining and mobilizing a relational-dialectical approach to water. Geoforum, 57, 170-180. Moertono, S. (2009). State and statecraft in old Java: A study of the later Mataram period, 16th to 19th century. Equinox Publishing. Musila, G. A. (2024). Hydropolitical Textualities. English Studies in Africa, 67(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/00138398.2024.2369449 Neimanis, A. (2012). Hydrofeminism: Or, on becoming a body of water. In H. Gunkel, C. Nigianni, & F. Söderbäck (Eds.), Undutiful daughters: Mobilizing future concepts, bodies and subjectivities in feminist thought and practice (pp. 96–115). Palgrave Macmillan. Nuzulanisa, K., & Fariha, Z. (2022). Religious Pluralism in Labuhan Parangkusumo Tradition: Communicating Local Javanese Wisdom and the Moral Message of the Qur’an. MUSHAF: Jurnal Tafsir Berwawasan Keindonesiaan, 3(1), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.33650/mushaf.v3i1.4301 Jansen, P. (1789). Schets van de situatie der Wijnkoops-Bergen en die daaran leggende Tjianjoerse Landen [Map]. Atlas of Mutual Heritage, Nationaal Archief, The Hague (AMH 5430-NA). Public Domain (CC0). Pamungkas, O. Y., Widodo, S. T., Suyitno, S. & Endraswara, S. (2021). Javanese cosmology: Symbolic transformation of names in Javanese novels. HTS Theological Studies, 77(4), 1-7. Rigg, J. (1992). The Gift of Water: Water Management, Cosmology and the State in South East Asia. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. Ras, J. J. (1987). The genesis of the Babad Tanah Jawi: Origin and function of the Javanese court chronicle. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde, (2/3de Afl), 343-356. Roy E. Jordaan. (1984). The mystery of Nyai Lara Kidul, goddess of the southern ocean. Archipel, 28(1), 99-116. Shefer, T., Bozalek, V., & Romano, N. (2023). Hydrofeminist thinking with oceans: Political and scholarly possibilities. Taylor & Francis. Sneddon, C., & Fox, C. (2006). Rethinking transboundary waters: A critical hydropolitics of the Mekong basin. Political geography, 25(2), 181-202. Sudarsih, S. (2020). Metaphysic Dimension in Labuhan Ceremony of Yogyakarta Palace. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 202, p. 07051). EDP Sciences. Theodore, G. (2013). Java in the 14th Century: A study in cultural history (Vol. 4). Springer Science & Business Media. Troll, V. R., Deegan, F. M., Jolis, E. M., Budd, D. A., Dahren, B., & Schwarzkopf, L. M. (2015). Ancient oral tradition describes volcano–earthquake interaction at merapi volcano, indonesia. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 97(1), 137-166. Trumbull, R. D. (2013). A Liquid World: Figuring Coloniality in the Indies (Doctoral dissertation, UC Santa Cruz). Viaene, L. (2021). Indigenous water ontologies, hydro-development and the human/more-than-human right to water: A call for critical engagement with plurilegal water realities. Water, 13(12), 1660. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121660 Wessing, R. (1997). A princess from Sunda: some aspects of Nyai Roro Kidul. Asian Folklore Studies, 56(2), 317-353. Wessing, R. (1997). Nyai Roro Kidul in Puger: Local applications of a myth. Archipel, 53(1), 97-120. Widodo, S. T. & Purwantoro, A. (2019). Water civilization in Serat Centhini : Ethno-hydraulic perspective. Proceedings of the Third International Seminar on Recent Language, Literature, and Local Culture Studies, BASA, 20-21 September 2019, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, 1-7. Widyatwatia, K., Sug, D., Dienaputrac, R. D., & Mamund, T. N. (2020). Religion and Cultural Perspective in the Construction of the Labuhan Alit Ritual. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(11), 360-366. Wilson, N. J., & Inkster, J. (2018). Respecting water: Indigenous water governance, ontologies, and the politics of kinship on the ground. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 1(4), 516-538.
Pengajian Agama di Masjid: Ritualisme dan Cabaran Modenisasi Sekular di Malaysia (Religious Education in Mosques: Ritualism and the Challenges of Secular Modernization in Malaysia)
Isu utama kajian ini ialah dominasi subjek ritual dan fardu ain dalam subjek pengajian agama di masjid, sedangkan subjek berkaitan isu semasa dan kontemporari kurang diberi perhatian. Fenomena ini dikaitkan dengan kesan pertembungan epistemologi antara agama dan sekularisme yang mewarisi falsafah modenisasi Barat, sehingga agama cenderung terpinggir ke ruang privasi dan simbolik. Objektif kajian adalah untuk menilai pengaruh epistemologi sekularisme terhadap struktur subjek pengajian agama di masjid bandar, mengenal pasti dominasi subjek tradisional berbanding kontemporari, dan mencadangkan model kurikulum yang seimbang antara tradisi dan realiti semasa. Metodologi kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan meneliti taburan subjek pengajian agama yang dipaparkan dalam jadual pengajian masjid bandar dan mudah diakses oleh masyarakat. Analisis dilakukan terhadap kategori subjek, kekerapan, dan kecenderungan tema pengajian.Hasil kajian menunjukkan pengajian agama di masjid lebih tertumpu kepada subjek asas dan ritual, manakala pengajian kontemporari yang menyentuh isu sosial, ekonomi, dan cabaran moden masih kurang diberi perhatian. Implikasi kajian ini menekankan keperluan pengurusan hal ehwal Islam memperkukuh subjek pengajian agama yang lebih seimbang, agar peranan agama dapat diperkasa dalam ruang awam dan tidak terpinggir dalam realiti masyarakat moden yang berdepan cabaran sekularisme dan modenisasi. Abstract: The main issue addressed in this study is the dominance of ritual and fardu ain subjects in mosque-based religious education syllabi, while subjects related to contemporary and current issues receive limited attention. This phenomenon is linked to the epistemological clash between religion and secularism, inherited from Western modernization, which tends to confine religion to private and symbolic spaces.The objective of this study is to assess the influence of secular epistemology on the structure of mosque-based religious education syllabi in urban areas, identify the dominance of traditional subjects over contemporary ones, and propose a curriculum model that balances tradition with current realities. The methodology adopts a qualitative approach by examining the distribution of religious subjects displayed in mosque study schedules that are publicly accessible. The analysis focuses on subject categories, frequency, and thematic tendencies. The findings reveal that mosque-based religious education primarily emphasizes basic and ritual subjects, while contemporary studies addressing social, economic, and modern challenges remain underrepresented. The implications of this study highlight the need for Islamic affairs management to strengthen a more balanced syllabus for mosque-based religious education, ensuring that religion maintains its role in the public sphere and does not become marginalized within the confines of private and ritual spaces in the context of modern society facing secular and modernization challenges. References Abdul Hamid, A. F. (2011). The challenge of pluralism and the middle position of Islam in Malaysia. Al-Attas, S. N. (1993). Islam and secularism. International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC). Al-Qaradawi, Y. (1992). Wawasan Islam antara keaslian dan kemodenan (Terj.). Thinker’s Library Sdn. Bhd. Alatas, S. H. (1986). The problem of corruption. The Other Press. Aemy Elyani Mat Zain, Haslina Ibrahim, Nazneen Ismail, Safinah Ismail, Nur Aisyah Abu Hassan, & Fatin Farzana Dass Meral. (2024). Isu antara agama: Sorotan awal kemerosotan toleransi agama di Malaysia. e-Jurnal Penyelidikan dan Inovasi, Universiti Islam Selangor. Asad, T. (2003). Formations of the secular: Christianity, Islam, modernity. Stanford University Press. Aziz, A. (2016). Religious and secular issues in Malaysia’s socio-political space. Geografia–Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 12(14), 1–10. Aziz, A., & Shamsul, A. B. (2004). The religious, the plural, the secular and the modern: A brief critical survey on Islam in Malaysia. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 5(3), 341–356. Bauman, Z. (2000). Liquid modernity. Polity Press. Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2025, November 5). Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com Fawcett, E. (2014). Liberalism: The life of an idea. Princeton University Press. Fox, J. (2015). Ethnoreligious conflict in the contemporary world. Cambridge University Press. Hallaq, W. B. (2013). The impossible state: Islam, shari’a, and the modernity trap. Columbia University Press. Hefner, R. W. (2009). Making modern Muslims: The politics of Islamic education in Southeast Asia. University of Hawai’i Press. Hoffstaedter, G. (2013). Secular state, religious lives: Islam and the state in Malaysia. School of Social Science, University of Queensland. Hobson, N. M., Schroeder, J., Risen, J. L., Xygalatas, D., & Inzlicht, M. (2018). The psychology of rituals: An integrative review and process-based framework. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 22(3), 260–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868317734944 Huntington, S. P. (1996). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order. Simon & Schuster. Junaidi Awang Besar, Rosmadi Fauzi, Amer Saifude, Muhammad Hazim Abdul Ghani, & Zainun Abidin Baharum. (2014). Kuala Lumpur dan cabaran pembangunan berterusan. Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space. Kamus Dewan. (2007). Kamus Dewan (Edisi ke-4). Darwana Sdn. Bhd. Lungu, M. (2022). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. 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Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Shamsul, A. B. (1996). Debating about identity in Malaysia: A discourse analysis. UKM Press. Shamsul, A. B. (2005). Islam embedded: Religion and plurality in Southeast Asia as a mirror for Europe. Asia Europe Journal, 3, 159–178. Shamsul, A. B. (2015). Politics of language and language of politics: Theory and practice of the “Nation-of-Intent” as articulated in Malaysia. Shapiro, I., Froomkin, D., & Dahl, R. A. (2025). Democracy. In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved August 25, 2025, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/democracy Siti Norhanani Musni, Sharifatul Nadiah Sulim, Muhamad Helmi Md. Said, & Fatima Abdel Rahim Aliq. (2023). Secularism: Freedom of religion or freedom from religion? Geopolitics Quarterly, 19(Summer). Siti Syafira Aida Md Sukri, & Muammar Ghaddafi Hanafiah. (2025). Pemuliharaan Masjid Lama Pengkalan Kakap, Merbok, Kedah Darul Aman. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities. Zulkiple Abd Ghani, Mahyuddin, M. 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Youth Awareness and Participation in Smart City Development in Malaysia
This study investigates the awareness of Malaysian urban youth concerning intelligent city concepts and their potential as human capital in advancing smart city development. In the context of accelerated global urbanization and the rising demographic significance of young populations, youth engagement is becoming an essential component of sustainable urban transformation. However, empirical evidence on youth awareness and participation in smart city initiatives in Malaysia is still limited. To address this gap, a survey of 200 youths aged 15 to 30 in Putrajaya and Iskandar was conducted using purposive and convenience sampling. Respondents completed structured items adapted from established smart city frameworks, covering the six smart city dimensions and youths’ perceived roles in urban innovation, measured on a 5-point Likert scale.The findings reveal a substantial level of awareness among respondents, with strong recognition of key smart city elements such as digital infrastructure, sustainable environments and intelligent mobility systems. The majority also expressed positive perceptions of their responsibility and capability to contribute, with 81.5 percent strongly agreeing that youth should monitor smart city services and promote digital awareness. The results demonstrate that urban Malaysian youth constitute an underutilised human capital resource that can significantly support intelligent urban development. By integrating technological and human capital perspectives, this study enriches smart city literature with a people-centered analytical orientation. 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Pemilihan Bahasa Pelajar Cina dalam Pergaulan Harian di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Language Choice of Chinese Students in Daily Interaction at the National University of Malaysia)
Masyarakat Cina di Malaysia lazimnya bersifat multibahasa dengan penguasaan terhadap bahasa Mandarin, dialek seperti Hokkien dan Kantonis, bahasa Melayu, serta bahasa Inggeris. Kajian ini meneliti bahasa-bahasa yang dipilih oleh pelajar Cina yang sedang belajar di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti bahasa yang utama digunakan oleh pelajar Cina di UKM dalam pergaulan harian mereka Selain itu, kajian ini juga meneliti faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan bahasa berdasarkan domain di dalam kelas, kedai makan, kolej kediaman, aktiviti sukan dan aktiviti di fakulti. Semua domain yang dipilih adalah ketika pelajar Cina itu berkomunikasi dengan sesama pelajar Cina dan bukan Cina. Kajian ini dijalankan melalui kaedah lapangan menggunakan soal selidik dan temu bual tidak formal yang melibatkan 50 orang pelajar Cina berumur antara 18 hingga 30 tahun. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa bahasa Inggeris dan bahasa Melayu lebih banyak digunakan dalam domain di dalam kelas atau kuliah dan aktiviti di fakulti. Dalam interaksi sosial dan peribadi, pelajar Cina ni lebih cenderung memilih bahasa ibunda dan Mandarin. Peralihan kod bahasa atau penggunaan bentuk hibrid linguistik (bahasa rojak) menjadi strategi komunikasi lintas etnik semua domain, terutamanya ketika berkomunikasi pelajar Cina dengan bukan Cina. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini tentang pemilihan bahasa pelajar Cina menyumbang kepada pemahaman tentang dinamika pelbagai bahasa di institusi pendidikan tinggi dan membantu mengkaji bagaimana faktor sosial seperti identiti etnik, status sosial, dan konteks interaksi mempengaruhi pilihan bahasa (bahasa Melayu, Mandarin, Inggeris, atau dialek Cina). Abstract: The Chinese community in Malaysia is generally multilingual, with proficiency in Mandarin, dialects such as Hokkien and Cantonese, Malay, and English. This study examines the languages chosen by Chinese students studying at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The main objective of this research is to identify the primary languages used by Chinese students at UKM in their daily interactions. In addition, the study investigates the factors that influence language choice across different domains, including classrooms, cafeterias, residential colleges, sports activities, and faculty events. All selected domains involve communication between Chinese students and both Chinese and non-Chinese peers. This study was conducted through fieldwork methods using questionnaires and informal interviews involving 50 Chinese students aged between 18 and 30 years old. The findings indicate that English and Malay are more frequently used in classroom or lecture settings and in faculty-related activities. In social and personal interactions, Chinese students tend to prefer their mother tongues and Mandarin. Code-switching or the use of hybrid linguistic forms (“mixed language”) serves as a cross-ethnic communication strategy across all domains, especially in interactions between Chinese and non-Chinese students. Overall, this study on the language choice of Chinese students contributes to a better understanding of multilingual dynamics in higher education institutions. It also helps to explore how social factors such as ethnic identity, social status, and interactional context influence language choice (Malay, Mandarin, English, or Chinese dialects). References Akhmad Mansur, Asbah Razali, Nurhamizah Hashim, Nurul Haniza Samsudin dan Nur Azimah Mohd Bukhar (2024). Pemilihan dan penguasaan bahasa dalam kalangan masyarakat Bonggi. Pertanika Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 32(S1), 29–49. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press. Amirul Mukminin Mohamad, Sofia Ayup, Noorhazila Mohamad Hamid dan Zuraini Mohaidin (2023). Bahasa kebangsaan dalam situasi komunikasi harian: Kajian tinjauan terhadap pelajar Melayu di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Jurnal Pengajian Melayu, 34(2), 81–101. https://doi.org/10 .22452/jomas.vol34no2.6 Asmah Haji Omar. (1982). Language and society in Malaysia. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Asmah Haji Omar. (1991). Aspek bahasa dan kajiannya. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Asmah Haji Omar. (1992). Bahasa dan alam pemikiran Melayu. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Asmah Haji Omar. (2008). Bahasa dan alam pemikiran Melayu. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Asmah Haji Omar. (2009). Ensiklopedia Bahasa Melayu. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. Booij, G. (2007). The grammar of words: An introduction to linguistic morphology. Oxford University Press. Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structures. Mouton. Crystal, D. (2000). Language death. Cambridge University Press. Crystal, D. (2008). A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics (6th ed.). Blackwell. David, M. K., & Naji, I. M. (2000). Language use among the Chinese in Kuching, Sarawak. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 21(6), 451–465. David, M. K. (2003). Role and functions of code-switching in Malaysian context. Pertanika Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 11(1), 45–56. David, M. K. (2006). Language choices and discourse of Malaysian families: Case studies of families in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Strategic Information and Research Development Centre. David, M. K. (2006). Language choice and code-switching in Malaysian multilingual contexts. Peter Lang Publishing. David, M. K., & Dealwis, C. (2008). Language maintenance or language shift among the Chinese community in Kuching, Sarawak. The International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 189, 67–82. David, M. K., & Dealwis, C. (2010). Language choice and use in multilingual Malaysia. Lambert Academic Publishing. Fishman, J. A. (1972). The sociology of language. Newbury House. Fishman, J. A. (1972). Language in sociocultural change. Stanford University Press. Fishman, J. A. (1991). Sosiologi bahasa: Satu pendekatan sains kemasyarakatan antara disiplin terhadap bahasa dalam masyarakat (A. M. Yatim, Trans.). Universiti Sains Malaysia. Gill, S. K. (2014). Language Policy Challenges in Multi‑Ethnic Malaysia (Multilingual Education, Vol. 8). Dordrecht; Springer. Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse Strategies (Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics, No. 1). Cambridge University Press. Hashim, M., & Halimah, P. (2012). Isu sosiolinguistik di Malaysia. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press. Hassan, A. (2011). Bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa ilmu. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. McGraw-Hill. Jakobson, R. (1960). Linguistics and poetics. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.), Style in language (pp. 350–377). MIT Press. Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press. Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics. Cambridge University Press. Mohd Khaidir Abdul Wahab. (2023). Sikap bahasa dan pemilihan bahasa dalam kalangan pelajar institusi pengajian tinggi awam di Wilayah Utara Semenanjung Malaysia. Jurnal Melayu, 22(2), 1–22. Mohammed Azlan Mis & Muhammad Situl, N. S. (2022). Pemilihan bahasa dalam situasi rasmi di pejabat kerajaan. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 22(3), 213–235. Muhammad Danial Danish Yusman, & Noor Saadah Salleh. (2024). Pemilihan bahasa dalam kalangan generasi muda masyarakat Jawa di Kampung Seri Tiram Jaya, Selangor. Jurnal Linguistik, 28(2), 90–103. Noriah Mohamed. (2004). Dwibahasa dan penukaran kod dalam konteks masyarakat Malaysia. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Nor Fatin Adlina Mohd Salleh, & Zarina Othman. (2024). Gaya bahasa dan motivasi pelajar antarabangsa dalam pembelajaran bahasa Melayu. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(4). Nurul Jannah Hussin, & Mohamad Suhaizi Suhaimi. (2024). Pemilihan dan penguasaan bahasa dalam kalangan anak pasangan kahwin campur Orang Asli Jakun. International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics (IJLEAL), 13(1), 47–56. Rashid, R. A. (2016). The role of the Malay language in Malaysian education and nation building. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(11), 50–55. Saidatul Nornis Hj. Mahali, Aishah Tamby Omar dan Wong Mee Mee. (2022). Domain dan pemilihan bahasa generasi muda Murut di Daerah Keningau, Sabah. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 22(3). http://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2022-2203-07. Tan, P. K. W. (2006). Language choice in multilingual Malaysian Chinese classrooms: Implications for language education. Language and Education, 20 (3), 215–227. Tan, P. K. W. (2018). Language, identity and education in multilingual Malaysia. Routledge. Ting, S. H., & Mahadhir, M. (2009). Language choice and use of Malaysian Chinese university students. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature®, 15, 1–15. Ting, S. H., & Ling, T. S. (2013). Language choice and identity construction: A study among Malaysian Chinese youths. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 13(1), 243–256. Ting, S. H., & Ting, S. L. H. (2017). Language choice and use of Sarawak Chinese in different domains. Journal of Modern Languages, 27(1), 50–67. Zaiton Zakarya, Salinah Ja’afar, Mardian Shah Omar, & Li, W. (2024). Masalah fonologi Bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan pelajar universiti di China. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(4), 231–245.
Pengaruh Trauma Kanak-Kanak, Penghindaran Sosial dan Harapan terhadap Idea Membunuh Diri dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sarjana Muda di Bangi dan Kuala Lumpur (The Influence of Childhood Trauma, Social Avoidance and Hope on Suicidal Ideation Among Undergraduate Students in Bangi and Kuala Lumpur)
Isu kesihatan mental dan tingkah laku membunuh diri semakin membimbangkan di seluruh dunia, terutama dalam kalangan remaja dan awal dewasa, yang mana pelajar universiti tergolong dalam kumpulan yang terdedah kepada pelbagai tekanan akademik dan sosial. Kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti pengaruh trauma kanak-kanak, penghindaran sosial dan harapan terhadap idea membunuh diri dalam kalangan pelajar Ijazah Sarjana Muda di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi dan Kuala Lumpur. Seramai 168 pelajar menerusi kaedah persampelan rawak mudah telah melengkapkan soal selidik yang merangkumi Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF), Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS), Hope Scale (HS), dan Self-Rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi menggunakan SPSS dan JAMOVI. Dapatan menunjukkan trauma zaman kanak-kanak dan penghindaran sosial memberi kesan signifikan terhadap idea membunuh diri, manakala harapan berfungsi sebagai faktor pelindung. Hanya etnik didapati mempunyai perbezaan signifikan dalam tahap idea membunuh diri, manakala jantina dan status sosioekonomi tidak. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menekankan keperluan intervensi yang lebih berfokus pada aspek psikososial pelajar universiti bagi mencegah peningkatan kes bunuh diri dan mempertingkatkan kesihatan mental mereka. Kajian pada masa hadapan juga haruslah mengkaji pembolehubah-pembolehubah ini secara mendalam terhadap idea membunuh diri atau mengaitkan dengan pembolehubah yang baharu agar kefahaman tentang idea membunuh diri ini dalam konteks Malaysia untuk lebih difahami. Abstract: Mental health issues and suicidal ideation have become increasingly concerning worldwide, particularly among adolescents and young adults, with university students being a high-risk group due to various academic and social pressures. This study aimed to examine the influence of childhood trauma, social avoidance, and hope on suicidal ideation among undergraduate students at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi and Kuala Lumpur. A total of 168 students were selected through simple random sampling and completed a set of questionnaires comprising the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF), Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS), Hope Scale (HS), and Self-Rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS). Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS and JAMOVI. Findings revealed that childhood trauma and social avoidance had significant effects on suicidal ideation, whereas hope served as a protective factor. Only ethnicity showed significant differences in levels of suicidal ideation, while gender and socioeconomic status did not. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for more psychosocially focused interventions for university students to prevent the rising incidence of suicide and to promote their mental well-being. Future research should further explore these variables in greater depth or incorporate additional factors to enhance understanding of suicidal ideation in the Malaysian context. References Abdu Z, Hajure M, Desalegn D (2020). Suicidal Behavior and Associated Factors Among Students in Mettu University, South West Ethiopia, 2019: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 13, 233-243. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S240827 Adhilakshmi AR, Evangeline Mary A, Yamuna Devi R (2021). “Prevalence of Various Forms of Child Abuse Among College-Going Young Adults in Urban Chennai–A cross sectional Study”. 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Negotiating the meaning of proactive safety behavior among the young Malaysian workers: A qualitative analysis
Young workers, aged between 18 to 29 years old, make up over 18 percent of the Malaysian working-age population. Poor workplace safety is a major concern for these young Malaysian workers, with relatively high levels of workplace accidents and injuries being recorded. This study investigates young workers’ proactive safety behavior practices, defined as anticipatory, change-oriented, and self-initiated behavior in sustaining workplace safety in situations where management safety controls are often neglected. This qualitative research involved interview sessions with 33 young Malaysian workers with Critical Incident Technique (CIT). The findings were analysed with NVIVO. Altogether, four themes were extracted; proactive personality, proactive motivation and proactive opportunity and also proactive safety behavior as the outcome. In conclusion, the young workers were able to understand the components of proactive safety behavior and its meaning based on their daily routine at work. 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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59(4), e63–e66. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000977 Turner, N., Tucker, S., & Deng, C. (2020). Revisiting vulnerability: Comparing young and adult workers’ safety voice intentions under different supervisory conditions. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 135, 105372. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.105372 Weiler, A. (2005). Information-seeking behavior in Generation Y students: Motivation, critical thinking, and learning theory. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 31(1), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2004.09.009 Westaby, J. D., & Lee, B. C. (2003). Antecedents of injury among youth in agricultural settings: A longitudinal examination of safety consciousness, dangerous risk taking, and safety knowledge. Journal of Safety Research, 34(3), 227–240. Wilk, V., Soutar, G. N., & Harrigan, P. (2019). Tackling social media data analysis: Comparing and contrasting QSR NVivo and Leximancer. An International Journal, 22(2), 94–113. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-01-2017-0021 Wong, V., Hassan, N., Wong, Y. P., Chua, S. Y. N., Abdul Rahman, S., Mohamad, M. L., & Lim, S. (2025). Nurses’ adherence to ethical principles – A qualitative study. Nursing Ethics, 32(4), 1162–1176. https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330241291159 Zainuri, M. Z., & Rusyda, H. M. (2023). Faktor-Faktor Penentu Dan Kecenderungan Kepada Kemalangan Di Tempat Kerja Dalam Kalangan Pasukan Narkotik Polis Diraja Malaysia. E-Bangi Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2001.30
When the Sky Falls: The Media’s Mediating Role in Crisis and Reputation Management of the Air India Flight 171 Tragedy
On June 12, 2025, Air India Flight 171 tragically crashed en route to Mumbai, resulting in over 240 fatalities and widespread collateral damage. The incident swiftly escalated into a national and international crisis, attracting extensive media coverage, heightened public scrutiny, and significant reputational risk for key stakeholders, including Air India, Tata Group, and India’s Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). This study aims to analyse the role of the media as a mediating factor in shaping crisis narratives and managing institutional reputation, guided by Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) and Agenda-Setting Theory. To achieve this, a qualitative content and sentiment analysis was conducted on over 150 news articles and 1,200 social media comments published within the first week following the crash. The research identified dominant themes in media framing, sentiment polarity, and the extent of public accountability placed on key institutions. Findings indicate that initial media narratives foregrounded technical failures, regulatory lapses, and institutional blame, establishing the dominant discourse early on. Although Air India attempted image repair through public apologies, leadership visibility, and compensation efforts, these strategies were often counteracted by emotionally charged media content and viral critiques. This study concludes that the media played a dual role—not only conveying crisis information but also actively shaping stakeholder reputations. The implications highlight the necessity for proactive, transparent, and emotionally attuned media engagement during crises. The paper offers recommendations for strategic media response protocols and proposes directions for future research in cross-national media framing of aviation disasters. References Choi, Y., & Lin, Y. H. (2019). Consumers’ responses to crisis communication strategies on social media. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 13(3), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2019.1618305 Chunxia, Z., Wang, F., & Wei, F. (2022). Exploring the antecedents to the reputation of Chinese public sector organizations during COVID-19: An extension of situational crisis communication theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 818939. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.818939 Coombs, W. T. (2021). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding (6th ed.). Sage Publications. Coombs, W. T. (2022). Situational crisis communication theory (SCCT). In Handbook of crisis communication https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119678953.ch14 Coombs, W. T. (2023). Integrating moral outrage in situational crisis communication theory: A triadic appraisal model for crises. Management Communication Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1177/08933189221151177 Gasana, K. (2024). Crisis communication and reputation management in the age of fake news. Journal of Public Relations, 3(1), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.47941/jpr.1773 Jang, S. M., & Hart, P. S. (2022). Polarized frames and emotional language on Twitter during crises. New Media & Society, 24(4), 845–867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.02.010 Kim, R. M., & Anderson, A.. (2025). The Agenda-Setting Function of Social Media. 601–613. https://doi.org/10.1145/3696410.3714750 Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (4th ed.). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071878781 Ma, L., Wang, Y., & Chaudhri, V. (2023). Navigating the blame game: Emotion and attribution in media crises. Journal of Communication Management, 27(1), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-07-2022-0066 Mao, Y., Liu, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Sentiment analysis methods, applications, and challenges: A systematic literature review. Journal of King Saud University – Computer and Information Sciences, 36(4), 102048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102048 McCombs, M., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2), 176–187. https://doi.org/10.1086/267990 Oo, Z., & Dai, Y. (2025). News media effects on policy priorities: A second-level agenda-setting analysis of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) projects in Myanmar. Journalism and Media, 6(1), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia6010015 Park, S., & Avery, E. J. (2020). Effects of media framing and crisis responsibility on organizational reputation. Journal of Communication, 70(2), 207–227. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqz043 Sharma, S., & Boruah, B. (2025). Case study on Air India Flight-171 crash. International Journal of Advanced Research and Interdisciplinary Scientific Endeavours, 3, 805–814. https://doi.org/10.61359/11.2206-2539 Shen, Y., Heacock, L., Elias, J., Hentel, K. D., Reig, B., Shih, G., & Moy, L. (2023). ChatGPT and other large language models are double-edged swords. Radiology: Artificial Intelligence, 5(5), e230163. https://doi.org/10.1148/ryai.230163 Song, T., Yu, P., Yecies, B., Ke, J., & Yu, H. (2025). Social media crisis communication and public engagement: Early pandemic tweeting strategies of public health and news media organisations. Scientific Reports, 15, Article 18082. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90759-w Sudirjo, F., Diantoro, K., Al-Gasawneh, J. A., Khootimah Azzaakiyyah, H., & Almaududi Ausat, A. M.. (2023). Application of ChatGPT in Improving Customer Sentiment Analysis for Businesses. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi Bisnis, 5(3), 283–288. https://doi.org/10.47233/jteksis.v5i3.871 Tan, J. J. (2024). Social media political information use and political participation of the Net Generation. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(1), 198–211. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2101.17 Tengku Mahamad, T. E., Mahpuz, M., Thaheer, B. A. N. M., Dewi Saraswati, G. P., Burhanudin, M., & Setyadharma, A. (2024). Understanding the role of social media on prospective local and international students’ selection of university. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(2), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2102.11 Thorp, H. H. (2023). ChatGPT is fun, but not an author. Science, 379(6631), 313. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg7879 Wang, Z., Xie, Q., Ding, Z., Feng, Y., & Xia, R. (2023). Is ChatGPT a good sentiment analyzer? A preliminary study. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.04339
Interaction-With-Interference (I∩I): Unconcealing The Illusion of Media Spectacle in Quantum-Like Society
In the digital age, media spectacle relies on images and illusions to shape perception and judgement, yet interactive interference in communication remains underexplored. UNESCO’s promotion of art-based quantum literacy has reshaped Scientific Aesthetics. The metaphor of a Quantum Society, rooted in superposition, entanglement, uncertainty, and emergence, offers a critical lens on social structures and behaviours but has rarely been integrated with media-spectacle studies, leaving gaps on how interactive media and interference shape social dynamics and aesthetic experience. This research advances Interaction-with-Interference (I∩I) to examine how interference modulates information flow, exposes the illusion of spectacle in a quantum-like society, and characterises interactive spectacle, including user participation, immersion, and quantum-inspired design, while foregrounding the creative potential of interference aesthetics in interactive animation. Methods combined theoretical analysis of spectacle’s evolution with an empirical programme: a one-minute PDTM (Preference and Dwell-Time Measurement) comparing dynamic for A/B Choice, quantum-inspired elements (uncertainty, randomness, superposition) to static controls; a questionnaire probing quantum concepts as artistic inspirations; and qualitative interviews on media interaction and interference. Results show increased interaction time in the dynamic environment, with 67.1% preferring it; the survey identified Uncertainty and Superposition as top inspirations; interviews highlighted addiction, filter bubbles, and misinformation, alongside creative affordances of interference aesthetics. We conclude that I∩I offers a novel interdisciplinary perspective in which interaction and interference are inherently integrated, reframing interference as vital to creativity and guiding interactive design that harmonises technological advances with humanistic values. References Aurelius, M. (2006). The meditations of Marcus Aurelius: Spiritual teachings and reflections. London : Sacred Wisdom. http://archive.org/details/meditationsofmar0000marc_x5q7 Bacon, F. (2000). The new organon (L. Jardine & M. Silverthorne, Eds.). Cambridge University Press. Bacon, F. (with Cornell University Library). (1902). Novum Organum. New York : P.F. Collier. http://archive.org/details/cu31924029009920 Baecker, R. M. (1969). Interactive Computer-mediated Animation [Massachusetts Inst Of Tech Cambridge Project Mac]. http://publications.csail.mit.edu/lcs/pubs/pdf/MIT-LCS-TR-061.pdf Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology. Cambridge University Press. https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_2273030_5/component/file_2309291/content Beaty, R. E., Christensen, A. P., Benedek, M., Silvia, P. J., & Schacter, D. L. (2017). Creative constraints: Brain activity and network dynamics underlying semantic interference during idea production. NeuroImage, 148, 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.012 Bellemare-Pepin, A., Harel, Y., O’Byrne, J., Mageau, G., Dietrich, A., & Jerbi, K. (2022). Processing visual ambiguity in fractal patterns: Pareidolia as a sign of creativity. iScience, 25(10), 105103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.105103 Bergstrom, J. A. (1893). Experiments upon Physiological Memory by Means of the Interference of Associations. The American Journal of Psychology, 5(3), 356. https://doi.org/10.2307/1410999 Beyls, P. (1991). Discovery through Interaction: A Cognitive Approach to Computer Media in the Visual Arts. Leonardo, 24(3), 311. https://doi.org/10.2307/1575573 Blom, J. D. (2010). A Dictionary of Hallucinations. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1223-7 Bohm, D., Hiley, B. J., Hiley, B. J., & Bohm, D. (2006). The Undivided Universe: An Ontological Interpretation of Quantum Theory (1st ed). Taylor and Francis. Bohr, N. (1939). Natural Philosophy and Human Cultures*. Nature, 143(3616), 268–272. https://doi.org/10.1038/143268a0 Comte, A. (1853). The positive philosophy of Auguste Comte. Vol. 2 (H. Martineau, Trans.; This edition first published 1853 This digitally printed version 2009, Vol. 2). Cambridge Univ. Press. Conrad, K. (1966). Die beginnende Schizophrenie: Versuch einer Gestaltanalyse des Wahns. Thieme. Debord, G. (1970). The Society of the Spectacle (F. Perlman, Trans.). Black & Red. https://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1124975246668078.pdf Dunk, R. A. (2020). Diffracting the “Quantum” and the “Social”: Meeting the Universe Halfway in Social Science. Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies, 20(3), 225–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708619880212 Eriksen, C., & Schultz, D. (1978). Temporal Factors in Visual Information Processing: A Tutorial Review. In J. Requin (Ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Atention and Performance (Vol. 1, p. 730). Hillsdale, N.J. : Erlbaum Associates ; New York : Distributed by Halsted Press Division, Wiley. http://archive.org/details/attentionperform0000atte Eustáquio, L., & Carvalhais, M. (2017). Interaction Under Interference. Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Computation, Communication, Aesthetics and X, 137–149. https://2017.xcoax.org/pdf/xCoAx2017-Eustaquio.pdf Feuerbach, L. (with Saint Mary’s College of California). (1854). The essence of Christianity (G. Eliot, Trans.). London : John Chapman. http://archive.org/details/a581696600feneuoft Fish, F. (1960). Die Beginnende Schizophrenie. By K. Conrad Georg Thieme, Stuttgart, 1958. Journal of Mental Science, 106(445), 1595–1598. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.106.445.1595 Han, B.-C. (2017). In the swarm: Digital prospects. MIT Press. Heidegger, M. (2007). Being and time (J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson, Trans.). Blackwell publ. Hume, D. (with Internet Archive). (1739). A treatise of human nature. 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Aveling, Trans.). Progress Publishers. https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Capital-Volume-I.pdf Mishara, A. L. (2010). Klaus Conrad (1905–1961): Delusional Mood, Psychosis, and Beginning Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36(1), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbp144 Noelle-Neumann, E. (1984). The spiral of silence: Public opinion, our social skin. University of Chicago Press. Nusselder, A. (2009). Interface fantasy: A Lacanian cyborg ontology. MIT Press. O’Neill, S. (2009). The Interactive Spectacle and the Digital Situationist. In P. Turner, S. Turner, & E. Davenport (Eds.), Exploration of Space, Technology, and Spatiality (pp. 155–167). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-020-2.ch012 Plato. (1924). Theaetetus (B. Jowett, Trans.). In B. Jowett (Ed.), The Dialogues Of Plato Vol-iv (3rd ed., Vol. 4). Oxford University Press. http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.156509 Rovelli, C., Segre, E., & Carnell, S. (2021). Helgoland: Making sense of the quantum revolution (First U.S. hardcover). Riverhead Books. Schweitzer, F. (2018). Sociophysics. Physics Today, 71(2), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.3845 Taine, H. (with Toronto, R.-U. of). (1871). On intelligence. Reeve. http://archive.org/details/onintelligence00tainuoft Weeks, S. V. (2019). Francis Bacon’s doctrine of idols: A diagnosis of ‘universal madness.’ The British Journal for the History of Science, 52(1), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087418000961 Wendt, A. (2015). Quantum Mind and Social Science: Unifying Physical and Social Ontology (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316005163 Whitehead, A. N. (1968). Modes of thought (10. print). Free Pr. Whitehead, A. N., Griffin, D. R., & Sherburne, D. W. (1978). Process and reality: An essay in cosmology (Corrected ed). Free Press. Zhao, J., Dalal, S., Bakar, M. S. A., & Yahaya, W. A. W. (2024). 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Sustainability Communication as A Strategic Driver: Insights from a Systematic Literature Review
This systematic literature review (SLR) examines the growing field of sustainability communication, highlighting its importance in raising awareness and translating sustainability policies into practical applications. The study aims to consolidate existing evidence, identify key themes, and disclose research gaps that hinder the integration of communication strategies in sustainability initiatives. A structured search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science, resulting in 229 records (215 from Scopus and 14 from WoS). After removing duplicates, 224 unique articles published between 2019 and 2024 were systematically screened and analyzed. The findings uncover a sustained increase in scholarly interest, marking sustainability communication as a distinct and growing area within sustainability studies. Thematic analysis identifies three primary clusters influencing this field: policy translation and alignment, communication tools and media, and institutional or organizational challenges. Most studies employ qualitative methodologies, while quantitative and mixed-methods research are less common. Overall, the results underscore communication as a crucial yet underexplored mechanism for bridging the gap between sustainability policy frameworks and their practical implementation. The review concludes by stressing the need for more empirical and interdisciplinary research to assess communication effectiveness in various contexts. These insights provide valuable implications for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to enhance sustainability engagement and drive meaningful institutional change. References Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, (2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T Akdemir, M., & Bal, H. (2024). Development and validation of a multidimensional sustainability communication scale for higher education institutions. Sustainability, 16(3), 1124. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16031124 Balć, A., & Stojanović, D. (2023). University communication strategies for sustainability: An analysis of digital engagement and stakeholder participation. Sustainability, 15(12), 9452. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129452 Caeiro, S., Martins, R., & Aldaz, C. (2022). Social media as a driver for sustainability communication and education: A systematic review. *Sustainability, 14*(7), 4125. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074125 Canare, T. (2024). Effective sustainability communication in higher education: Integrating traditional and digital channels. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 25(2), 340–359. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-09-2023-0456 Chan, C. K. Y. (2021). Understanding sustainability communication in higher education: Cultural and institutional perspectives. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 22(6), 1304–1321. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-02-2020-0072 Dagiliūtė, R., Liobikienė, G., & Minelgaitė, A. (2020). Sustainability at universities: Students’ perceptions and practices. Sustainability, 12(11), 4385. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114385 Dias, R., Silva, P., & Torres, L. (2025). The rise of greenhushing: Understanding intentional under-communication of sustainability practices in organisations. Environmental Communication, 19(1), 22–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2025.1234567 Djordjevic, A. (2011). Institutional barriers to sustainability communication in higher education: A case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(7), 845–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.10.023 GlobeScan. (2023). Global sustainability survey: Awareness and engagement with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). GlobeScan Report. https://globescan.com Haigh, N., & Liszka, K. (2024). Greenwashing and greenhushing in organisational communication: Emerging credibility challenges. Journal of Business Ethics, 188(3), 601–616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-023-05321-1 Koch, T., Mertens, S., & Lange, F. (2025). Rethinking greenwashing: Expanding definitions to include organisational silence on sustainability outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 190(2), 345–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-024-05322-7 Komendantova, N., & Battaglini, A. (2022). Enhancing sustainability communication through participatory approaches: The role of institutional trust and stakeholder dialogue. Environmental Communication, 16(5), 603–620. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2022.2078381 Lozano, R., Lukman, R., Lozano, F. J., Huisingh, D., & Lambrechts, W. (2015). Declarations for sustainability in higher education: Becoming better leaders, through addressing the university system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 106, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.07.029 Lozano, R., Barreiro-Gen, M., Lozano, F. J., & Sammalisto, K. (2019). Teaching sustainability in higher education: Assessing the connections between competencies and pedagogical approaches. Sustainability, 11(6), 1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061602 Luque-Alcaraz, A. (2024). Participatory strategies and digital transformation in sustainability communication. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(2), 275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21020275 Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 Razak, N. A., Wahab, S. R., & Hashim, R. (2023). Sustainability communication in social welfare organisations: Clarity, relevance and shared responsibility. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 8(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v8i4.2250 Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press. Zuriana, M., Ahmad, N., & Rahman, S. (2024). Integrating sustainability into higher education curricula: Communication strategies in Malaysian universities. e-Bangi Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(1), 55–70.
Digital Deadlines: Time Pressure and Workflow Challenges for Multimedia Journalists in Malaysia
The digital era has significantly transformed Malaysian TV newsrooms, establishing cross-platform journalism as a standard for delivering real-time content across television, web portals, and social media. While this shift creates new opportunities for audience engagement, it also introduces acute time pressures and complex workflow challenges. This study examines the strategies and coping mechanisms employed by Multimedia Journalists (MJs) in navigating digital deadlines and cross-platform demands, with a focus on how these pressures shape their professional practices in ensuring timely and accurate news delivery. Guided by Galtung and Ruge’s (1965) News Value Theory, adapted to reflect digital complexities, this qualitative study employs interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 purposively MJs from four TV newsrooms in Malaysia. Data saturation was achieved, offering rich insights into their lived experiences. Findings reveal two key superordinate themes essential to MJs’ effectiveness. The first, adaptive professionalism, encompasses cross-platform planning and proactive news engagement. The second theme, journalistic imperative, highlights their deep professional commitment, driven by intrinsic motivation, reputational stewardship against misinformation, and strict professional discipline. This study provides valuable insights for media organizations to better support MJs in balancing speed, accuracy, and ethical standards in Malaysia’s rapidly evolving digital news landscape. Future research could further investigate newsroom interventions or conduct cross-cultural comparisons to expand understanding of these challenges. References Altay, S., Nielsen, R. K., & Fletcher, R. (2024). News Can Help! The Impact of News Media and Digital Platforms on Awareness of and Belief in Misinformation. International Journal of Press/Politics, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612221148981 Al-Zoubi, O. A., Ahmad, N., & Hamid, N. A. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Newsrooms: Case Study on Al-Mamlaka TV. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 41(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2025-4101-03 Andika, D., Ali, M. N. S., & Ahmad Rizal, A. R. (2025). News Framing in the Digital Era Based on Moderate Islamic News Portals within the Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic Community. E-Bangi: Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2202.34 Araujo, T., & van der Meer, T. G. L. A. (2020). News values on social media: Exploring what drives peaks in user activity about organizations on Twitter. Journalism, 21(5), 633–651. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918809299 Arisanty, M., Wiradharma, G., & Fiani, I. (2020). Optimizing Social Media Platforms as Information Disemination Media. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 5(2), 266. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v5i2.700 Arumugam, S., & Sarmiti, Z. N. (2024). Exploring the Awareness and Implementation of Data Journalism in Malaysian Online Newsrooms. E-Bangi: Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2104.15 Banjiwo, I. (2022). Digital Journalism: A Shift in Journalistic Activity from News Television Media to Social Media (Study on Kompas TV). Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal, 5(1), 4493–4503. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i1.4159 Bayer, O. (2024). Interpretative Phenomenolgical Analysis as a Method of Qualitative Psychological Research. Psychology and Personality, 25(1), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.33989/2226-4078.2024.1.298782 Castle, C. L., Greasley, A. E., & Burland, K. (2022). The Musical Experiences of Adults with Severe Sight Impairment: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Music and Science, 5. https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043221083296 Esa, I. L. (2020). Uncovering the changing roles and adaptability of Twitter usage among media prima berhad journalists. Universiti Teknologi Mara. Esa, I. L. (2024). Developing the standard of news quality model on cross-media platform to enhance journalistic practices among multimedia journalists in Malaysia. Universiti Teknologi Mara. Esa, I. L., Hamzah, M., & Zainodin, W. H. W. (2022). Journalists’ challenges in adapting to ambient journalism that uses Twitter in news reporting. SEARCH Journal of Media and Communication Research, 2022(Special issue). Esa, I. L., Hartini, W., Zainodin, W., & Hamzah, M. (2024). Crafting standards of news quality on cross-media platforms: Exploring the perspectives of multimedia journalists through interpretative phenomenological analysis. SEARCH Journal of Media and Communication Research, 1(16), 49–65. http://search.taylors.edu.my Feng, Y. (2024). Digital news ecology and polarization in the context of deep learning: empowerment, entrenchment and reconciling failure. 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The Role of Civic Education in Cultivating Responsible Digital Communication among Elementary School Students
This study investigates the strategic role of Civic Education in cultivating responsible digital communication among elementary school students in Indonesia through a comprehensive mixed methods approach. The research employed sequential explanatory design, combining quantitative surveys of 50 students from four elementary schools in Bandung with qualitative in-depth interviews of 15 civic education teachers and 20 parents, supplemented by participatory classroom observations. The study utilized Digital Citizenship Theory and Value-Based Learning framework to analyze the systematic integration of digital ethics into formal educational structures. Quantitative findings revealed significant variations in digital ethics awareness across multiple dimensions, with privacy consciousness achieving the highest score (M=4.5) while cybersecurity awareness recorded the lowest (M=3.2), indicating critical knowledge gaps requiring immediate pedagogical intervention. Qualitative analysis identified contextual learning approaches (80%) and simulation-based strategies (67%) as dominant pedagogical methods employed by teachers, demonstrating effective application of constructivist learning principles. The integration of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor dimensions through value-based learning demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in internalizing digital citizenship values, particularly through collaborative project methodologies and ethical scenario discussions. Collaborative supervision mechanisms between educational institutions and families created a comprehensive digital education ecosystem, with 90% of parents implementing time-based restrictions and 80% controlling content access through technological monitoring systems. Students demonstrated successful internalization of civic values in digital contexts, particularly in anti-hoax awareness, digital empathy development, and responsible information sharing practices. However, the study also identified critical structural gaps in formal curriculum frameworks and limited teacher pedagogical competencies in contemporary digital literacy instruction methodologies. These empirical findings underscore the urgent necessity for comprehensive curriculum reformation and systematic teacher professional development programs to optimize civic education's transformative potential in fostering ethical and responsible digital communication behaviors among Indonesian elementary school students. References Ahyati, A. I., Rizqiyah, N., & Herlambang, Y. T. (2024). Urgensi Penguatan Etika Teknologi sebagai Upaya Preventif terhadap Dampak Negatif Media Sosial Youtube Shorts bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar. 1(2), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.30812/upgrade.v1i2.3722 Al-Khatib, T. (2023). Netiquette rules in online learning through the lens of digital citizenship scale in the post-corona era. 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Colour Communication: Evolution Of Colour Aesthetics In Malaysian Animated Characters
Colour has evolved as a strong communicative and symbolic element in Malaysian animation, serving not merely a decorative purpose but also conveying identity, emotional tone, and cultural nuance. As local animation practitioners embrace digital technologies, colour aesthetics have evolved significantly, reflecting shifts in sociocultural values, audience preferences, and production practices. Despite the growing popularity of Malaysia's animation industry, academic research has not extensively examined how colour serves as a cultural signifier and its evolution over various animation eras. This study addresses the gap by exploring the evolution of colour aesthetics in Malaysian animated characters from the early 90s to the digital era. Adopting a qualitative approach, this study employs indirect observation and visual analysis on a purposive sample of one Malaysian animated film representing three key periods: the early analogue phase (the 1990s–2000s), the digital transition (2010s), and the streaming era (2020s). Using a visual coding framework grounded in colour semiotics and media aesthetics, the study identifies recurring colour patterns in animated films. Findings reveal a decline in the use of culturally symbolic colours, such as yellow (royalty), red (celebration), and green (Islam), in recent productions. Earlier animations embedded ethnic and national identity through culturally rooted palettes, whereas post-2010 animated characters' emotion-driven, genre-based, and market-oriented colour strategies. This chromatic shift reflects a transformation in production priorities, where global visual trends and commercial branding increasingly outweigh traditional symbolic messaging. This study contributes to the contextualisation of colour as a dynamic cultural medium. It offers a framework for understanding how the technological and global pressures reshape visual identity in Malaysian animated content. References Ali, M. (2021). Localization and globalization in Malaysian animation: A study of BoBoiBoy. Journal of Media Studies, 12(2), 45–59. Andersen, S. M., Müller, J., & Patel, R. (2015). The socio-political significance of colour: A semiotic approach. Visual Communication Review, 9(1), 34–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742766515583456 Caro, P., Johnson, R., & Lee, S. (2017). Digital tools and cultural narratives: Animation in Southeast Asia. International Journal of Animation Studies, 8(3), 99–117. Cieslak, M., Green, L., & Tan, S. (2011). Colour symbolism in Asian visual cultures. Asian Journal of Cultural Studies, 5(2), 87–101. Cuthill, I. C., Allen, W. L., Arbuckle, K., Caspers, B., Chaplin, G., Hauber, M. E., … & Caro, T. (2017). The biology of colour. 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Not just a colour: Pink as a gender and identity marker in visual communication. Visual Communication, 7(4), 395–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470357208096209 Kostiuk, D. (2023). Aesthetic perception and sociocultural processes. International Journal of Aesthetics and Semiotics, 15(2), 66–81. Kumar, A. (2017). Streaming platforms and global animation trends. Media and Entertainment Journal, 5(3), 132–147. Liu, H. (2024). Globalization and colour semiotics in Asian animation. Asian Media Studies, 13(1), 88–102. Marx, J., Müller, S., & Hoffmann, K. (2014). The influence of colour on cognitive and emotional processing. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 8(2), 99–109. Musa, H. (2015). Educational animation aesthetics and personality types. Malaysian Journal of Media Studies, 17(2), 55–70. O’Connor, Z. (2013). Colour, design, and culture: A review of colour research in the design disciplines. Color Research & Application, 38(6), 423–434. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.21756 Odabaşıoğlu, S., & Olguntürk, N. (2015). Colour harmony and visual aesthetics. Color Research & Application, 40(2), 178–192. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.21886 Okpara, E. E., Olatunji, B. O., & Afolabi, A. (2021). The impact of colour in health communication campaigns. Journal of Health Communication, 26(5), 375–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2021.1917065 Renoult, J. P., Kelber, A., & Schaefer, H. M. (2015). Colour patterns in plant–animal signalling and communication. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 17(3), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2015.02.008 Renoult, J. P., Schaefer, H. M., & Kelber, A. (2011). Colour vision and communication in animals. Biological Reviews, 86(2), 457–473. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00162.x Satar, H., Abdullah, N., & Rahman, A. (2023). Cultural influences on media perception and risk communication. 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The Reimagining of Indonesian Millennial Farmers’ Identity on Social Media
This study explores how millennial farmers in Indonesia's Farmer Rejuvenation Program shape their professional identities and present themselves on social media. The authors have recognized a notable gap in the representation of agriculture and farmers across both mainstream and social media platforms. Using the phenomenological approach with 8 millennial farmer informants, the study identifies three key dimensions of their identity construction: pride in being "agricultural sustainability heroes," viewing farming as a noble profession despite its unpopularity, and preserving familial occupational heritage. The study additionally explores their digital self-presentation techniques; millennial farmers use social media for three primary reasons: marketing farming as a career, involving younger generations in agriculture, and endorsing agricultural entrepreneurial initiatives. Their implementation strategies involve the preservation of authenticity through the use of spontaneous content creation, the application of narrative devices, and the emphasis on educational resources. The overall findings suggest that millennial farmers successfully integrate traditional agricultural values with modern digital communication tactics, potentially offering a solution to Indonesia's agricultural regeneration crisis. These strategies reflect 3 key identity dimensions: professional credibility, cultural rootedness, and aspirational modernity. Finally, it is expected that this study could contribute to our understanding of professional identity construction in the digital era, particularly in traditionally stigmatized fields such as farming. Hence, the significance of the study lies in its potential as a benchmark for farmer revitalization campaigns, offering insights into the utilization of digital platforms to reshape perceptions of agriculture while preserving authenticity in agricultural communication and development initiatives. Agbugba, I. K. (2023). Brain Re-Engineering Concept and Reimagination: Strategy for Rebranding Agriculture and Youth Engagement in Promoting Food Production. European Modern Studies Journal, 7(5), 213–223. https://doi.org/10.59573/emsj.7(5).2023.19 Agumagu, A. C., Ifeanyi-obi, C. C., & Agu, C. (2018). Perception of Agriculture Students Towards Farming as a Means of Sustainable Livelihood in Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 22(1), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.4314/JAE.V22I1.12S Anwarudin, O., Sumardjo, Satria, A., & Fachiya, A. (2020). Peranan Penyuluh Pertanian Dalam Mendukung Keberlanjutan Agribisnis Petani Muda Di Kabupaten Majalengka. 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Engaging Employees Through Corporate Volunteering: Case Study of SPARK Program, PT Merck Chemicals and Life Sciences Indonesia
This study examines how corporate communication enhances employee engagement through corporate volunteering, focusing on the SPARK program at PT Merck Chemicals and Life Sciences Indonesia. The problem addressed is the limited understanding of how internal communication shapes employees’ emotional and motivational responses to volunteering initiatives, despite the growing emphasis on corporate social responsibility (CSR). The objective is to identify how communication strategies support participation, strengthen organizational identification, and translate volunteering into meaningful engagement. Using a qualitative case study method, the research collected data through in-depth interviews with key internal stakeholders and analyzed the data using thematic analysis supported by NVivo 14. The findings show that corporate communication plays a strategic role not only in delivering information but also in building emotional connection, shared identity, and a sense of ownership. Storytelling, testimonials, and value-driven messages successfully position SPARK as a meaningful initiative that aligns employees’ personal motivations with organizational purpose. Participation is reinforced by peer influence and the program’s alignment with individual passions, though challenges such as time limitations and unclear participation pathways remain. The study reveals that volunteering fosters cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement, with employees expressing increased purpose, belonging, and identification with the company. These insights imply that well-designed communication around volunteering can strengthen employee–organization relationships and support organizational performance. The study contributes practical guidance for integrating corporate volunteering into strategic communication, emphasizing empathy, clarity, and value-based messaging. References Afridah, & Lubis, M. (2024). The role of communication and employee engagement in promoting inclusion in the workplace: A case study in the creative industry. International Journal of Communication, 1, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.62569/fijc.v1i1.8 Aguinis, H., & Glavas, A. (2012). What we know and don’t know about corporate social responsibility: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 38(4), 932–968. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311436079 Aguinis, H., & Glavas, A. (2017). On corporate social responsibility, sensemaking, and the search for meaningfulness through work. Journal of Management, 45(3), 1057-1086. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317691575 Ahmad, R., Akhir, N. M., & Amin, A. S. (2023). Mengenalpasti keperluan dan motivasi sukarelawan penjagaan kesihatan melalui misi bantuan kemanusiaan. E-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 20(1), 316-331. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2001.27 Ahmed, S. K. (2024). The pillars of trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health, 2, 100051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100051 Allsop, D. B., Chelladurai, J. M., Kimball, E. R., Marks, L. D., & Hendricks, J. J. (2022). Qualitative methods with nvivo software: A practical guide for analyzing qualitative Data. Psych, 4(2), 142-159. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych4020013 Alnehabi, M., & Al-Mekhlafi, A.-B. A. (2023). The association between corporate social responsibility, employee performance, and turnover intention moderated by organizational identification and commitment. Sustainability, 15(19), 14202. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914202 Alshukri, T., Seun Ojekemi, O., Öz, T., & Alzubi, A. (2024). The interplay of corporate social responsibility, innovation capability, organizational learning, and sustainable value creation: Does stakeholder engagement matter? Sustainability, 16(13), 5511. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135511 Arikunto, S. (2013). Prosedur penelitian suatu pendekatan praktik edisi revisi. 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The roles of organizational pride and responsible leadership. Chinese Journal of Communication, 18, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/17544750.2024.2389854 Lloyd, N., Hyett, N., & Kenny, A. (2024). To member check or not to member check? An evaluation of member checking in an interpretive descriptive study. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 23. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069241301383 Lor-Serrano, A., & Esteban-Salvador, L. (2021). An approach to corporate volunteering in spain. Social Sciences, 10(3), 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10030080 Ma, M., Chen. Y.-R. R. (2025). Strategic communication to motivate corporate volunteering participation among Chinese employees: a comparison of state-owned and private enterprises for social impact. Journal of Communication Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-10-2024-0197 Mazanec, J. (2022). 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Open Journal of Business and Management, 9, 659-671. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2021.92034 Nuortimo, K., Olkkonen, L., & Luoma-aho, V. (2024). Exploring corporate reputation and crisis communication: Stakeholder information signals in the digital age. Journal of Communication Management, 28(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-024-00353-8 Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage. Rashid, Y., Rashid, A., Warraich, M. A., Sabir, S. S., & Waseem, A. (2019). Case study method: A step-by-step guide for business researchers. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406919862424 Rodell, J. B. (2013). Finding meaning through volunteering: Why do employees volunteer and what does it mean for their jobs? Academy of Management Journal, 56(5), 1274–1294. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.0611 Ruck, K., & Welch, M. (2012). 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Malaysia’s National Day Stamps 2002-2018: A Visual Analysis and Interpretation
Postage stamps serve as essential representations of the state, acting as miniature ambassadors that embody a nation’s identity, values, and socio-political evolution. In Malaysia, National Day-themed stamps commemorate Malaysia’s Independence Day, showcasing rich visual narratives of its cultural, social, and political identity since 1957. This research conducts a visual analysis of Malaysia’s National Day stamps issued from 2002 to 2018. This research aims to explore how these stamps contribute to the formation of national identity. Employing a semiotic framework, the research examines how these stamps act as visual symbols, influencing and reflecting collective memories and national narratives. The analysis focuses on 31 selected stamps from seven distinct National Day-themed stamps, obtained from philatelic collections. This research addresses a gap in the visual examination of these stamps’ contribution to nation-building discourse by identifying symbols, design elements, and thematic patterns within the chosen artefacts. The findings reveal that 15 categories of visual elements were identified and analysed. The aim is to elucidate their intended messages, underlying meanings, and their contribution to the visual constructions of nationhood. This research underscores the significance of these stamps as potent cultural artefacts that actively participate in the ongoing formation of Malaysia’s national identity, communicate national values and aspirations to domestic and international audiences, and thus contribute to visual communication and cultural studies. References Baines, G. (2023). Propagating Afrikaner nationalism: The Voortrekker stamps as icons of an ideology, c.1933–1949. Nations and Nationalism, 29(3), 1024–1040. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12938 Bell, P. (2004). Content Analysis of Visual Images. In The Handbook of Visual Analysis (pp. 10–34). SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857020062.n2 Brunn, S. D. (Ed.). (2023). Stamps, nationalism, and political transition. Routledge. Cheah, C. (2018, August 31). How the “Bunga Raya” became Malaysia’s national flower. Malay Mail. Retrieved November 15, 2024, from https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/08/31/how-the-bunga-raya-became-malaysias-national-flower/1667877 Colnect, connecting collectors: Colnect. (n.d.). https://colnect.com/en Dasar Kebudayaan Negara 2021. (2021, November 2). Official Portal Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture. Retrieved August 16, 2024, from https://www.motac.gov.my/en/download/category/123-dasar-kebudayaan-negara-2021 Dr Heba Nayel Barakat, Adline Abdul Ghani, & Farhani Shamsudin (Eds.). (2012). Formation of A Nation: A Photographic Flashback. Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia. ISBN 978-983-44696-8-9 Elo, S., Kääriäinen, M., Kanste, O., Pölkki, T., Utriainen, K., & Kyngäs, H. (2014). Qualitative Content Analysis. SAGE Open, 4(1), 215824401452263. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014522633 Farooq, H. O. (2023). Decoding history and sociocultural evolution through the lens of Era-Defining trends in Pakistan’s postage stamp design (2nd ed., Vol. 20). PalArch’s Journal of Archeology og Egupt/Egyptology. Frewer, D. C. T. (2004). The Social Agency of postage Stamps: Japanese Postage Stamps in a Global Context [PhD dissertation]. Oxford Brookes University. Galliford, P., Chan, H. F., & Torgler, B. (2023). Commemorative Stamps as a Recognition Tool: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2460713/v1 Gilbreath, D. (2023). Reading Contemporary America Through Forever Stamp Themes: A Visual Analysis and Interpretation. In Stamps, Nationalism and Political Transition (pp. 350–358). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003048886-22 Karimon, N. A., Jarit, M. M., Noh, L. M. M., Harun, A., & Alias, A. (2023). A Content Analysis of a Malaysian Stamp Illustration of a Local Market Scene. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(10). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i10/18980 Günay, M. (2021). Design in visual communication. Art and Design Review. https://doi.org/10.4236/adr.2021.92010 Kay, S. Y. (2020). Thematic Animal Postage Stamps of Malaysia: Study of State Narratives from the Colonialism to the Post-Colonialism. Centre for Civilisational Dialogue, 16(1), 45–74. https://doi.org/10.22452/katha.vol16no1.2 Khan, M. S. A. (2020). Chronicling Graphic Design Trends of Pakistan Postage Stamps (1948 – 2018). PUTAJ – Humanities and Social Sciences, 27(2), 95–97. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362644964_Chronicling_Graphic_Design_Trends_of_Pakistan_Postage_Stamps_1948_-2018 Loh, P. Y. (2014). Stamp Up for Singapore: Commemoration in National Day Stamps, 1960‐1984. [BA Thesis, National University of Singapore]. https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/187220 Mohd Pirdaus Mat Husain, Mohd Nor Shahizan Ali, & Ammar Redza Ahmad Rizal. (2024). Examining the influence of communication technology, image technicalities, and image narrative on environmental awareness in the digital age: A study of world’s top 20 environmental photography winners 2020. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(2). MyFDC. (n.d.). MYFDC. http://www.myfdc.wordpress.com. Neesa Ameera Mohamed Salim, Mohd Yusof Abdullah, & Mohd Nor Shahizan Ali. (2016). Fly posting: Informative vs public nuisance. e-BANGI: Journal pf Social Sciences and Humanities, 11(2). Pos Malaysia. (2003). Siri Merdeka: Sambutan Ulangtahun Kemerdekaan ke-46 [Brochure]. Stamp & Philately Division. Pos Malaysia. (2007). Malaysiaku Gemilang: Sambutan Jubli Emas Kemerdekaan Malaysia 1957-2007 [Brochure]. Stamp & Philately Division. Pos Malaysia. (2009). 1 Malaysia: Rakyat Didahulukan Pencapaikan Diutamakan [Brochure]. Stamp & Philately Unit. Raento, P. (2009). Tourism, nation, and the postage stamp: Examples from Finland. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(1), 124–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2008.10.006 SLLiew. (n.d.). Stamps A La Carte. https://smsphilatelic.blogspot.com/ StampData - Organize your collection. (n.d.). https://stampdata.com/index.php Spocter, M. (2023). Transitions in Postage Stamp Iconography: From apartheid to Democracy in South Africa. In Stamps, Nationalism and Political Transition (pp. 159–172). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003048886-11 Świętek, A. (2023). History as stamped by postage stamps. In Stamps, Nationalism and Political Transition (pp. 201–219). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003048886-14 Wei, L. X., Sazan, D., & Rajandran, K. (2024). Analisis kandungan visual terpilih dalam risalah perayaan Hari Warisan George Town, Pulau Pinang. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(2), 105–116.
Transformation of Organisational Management in the Malaysia Framework of MADANI: An Analysis of Digital Communication Strategies and New Work Culture
This study aims to analyse organisational management transformation within the framework of Malaysia MADANI by focusing on digital communication strategies and new work culture in Malaysia corporate sector. Malaysia MADANI emphasises values such as well-being, sustainability, inclusivity, and innovation that are relevant in the changing work landscape due to digitalisation and hybrid work practices. This study used a qualitative approach through the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method involving organisational managers, professional workers, and organisational communication experts. FGD participants are purposively selected from a variety of industries, including services, technology, and the public sector, to gain a comprehensive perspective on organisational management change. The FGD discussion focused on (1) how organisations integrate the principles of Malaysia MADANI in their digital communication strategies, (2) how new work cultures (e.g. flexible working and digitalisation) affect the relationship between employees and management, and (3) the challenges faced in maintaining the values of MADANI in the era of digital transformation. The findings of the study show that organisations that successfully integrate the values of MADANI in their digital communications tend to have a more inclusive, responsive, and innovative work culture. In addition, the effective use of digital communication platforms is seen to increase employee engagement, strengthen the relationship between employees and management, and promote more transparent governance. This study is expected to contribute to a strategic understanding of how the values of MADANI can strengthen organisational communication in the face of the changing work landscape in Malaysia. References Ab Rahim, N. A. & Besar, J. A. (2024). Pandangan Pengundi terhadap Slogan “Malaysia Madani” dalam Pilihan Raya Negeri 2023. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(1), 446-455. Adam, S. D. S., Mokhtar, S., Othman, I. W., & Hamid, J. A. (2022). The impact of digital transformation on the efficiency of the public service in Sabah. Journal of Information System and Technology Management, 7(27), 257–268. Ahmad, M., & Wilkins, S. (2024). Purposive sampling in qualitative research: A framework for the entire journey. Quality & and digital communication. Journal of Organizational Management, 12(1), 34–52. Anwar Ibrahim. (2023). Malaysia MADANI: A new narrative for good governance and sustainable development. Bonus. Avolio, B. J. & Kahai, S. S. (2003). Adding the “E” to E-Leadership: How it may impact your leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 325-338. Aziz, N., & Rusli, M. S. (2024). A Look at the Transformational Leadership and Strategic Communication towards Madani Ummah. Al-i’lam - Journal of Contemporary Islamic Communication and Media, 4(2). Bai, A., & Vahedian, M. (2023). Beyond the screen: Safeguarding mental health in the digital workplace. SSRN Electronic Journal. Bao, L. H., Mohd Arif, L. S., Omar, R. & Shaari, R. (2020). The relationship between internal communication and employee engagement at Favourite Design Sdn. Bhd., Muar, Johor. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 18(1), 124-132. Besar, J. A. (2023). Pilihan Raya Umum Malaysia ke-15: Pola Sokongan Pengundi Berdasarkan Faktor Kewilayahan. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 20(1), 164-176. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Can I use TA? Should I use TA? Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(1), 37–47. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide. SAGE. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE. Denzin, N. K. (2012). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (3rd ed.). Transaction Publishers. Department of Public Service (BDTM). (2023, version 6.0). Ethics of Using Email and the Internet. Putrajaya: PSD. JPA Documentation Economic Planning Unit, JPM. (2023). A Mid-Term Review of the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (12MP). Putrajaya. Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (2011). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press. Guest, G., Namey, E., & Mitchell, M. (2017). Collecting Qualitative Data: A Field Manual for Applied Research. SAGE. Hamidi, H., Ishak, M. S. A., Kamarudin, S., & Mohamed, S. (2021). Government communication and Twitter adoption during COVID-19: Evidence from Malaysian ministries. Journal of Communication, 37(4), 31–50. Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2015). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). SAGE. Lauren, J. L. (2023). Internal communication and employee engagement strategies in Finnish public relations. Americal Journal of Public Relations, 2(1), 38-50. Leonardi, P. M. (2020). COVID-19 and the new technologies of organizing: Digital exhaust, digital footprints, and artificial intelligence in the wake of remote work. Journal of Management Studies, 58(1), 1-6. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE. Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission. (2024). National Anti-Corruption Strategy (NACS) 2024–2028. Putrajaya. Malaysia.gov.my. (n.d.). Public Sector ICT Policies and Guidelines. Retrieved from https://www.malaysia.gov.my Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU). (2021). MyDIGITAL: Malaysia Digital Economy Blueprint. Putrajaya. Men, L. R. & Bowen, S. A. (2017). Excellence in Internal Communication Management. New York: Business Expert Press. Minister's Office Malaysia. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.pmo.gov.my Ministry of Economy. (2023). MADANI Economy: Empowering the People. Putrajaya. Ministry of Finance. (2023). MADANI Economy: Empowering the People (MOF special website). Morgan, D. L. (1997). Focus Groups as Qualitative Research (2nd ed.). SAGE. National University of Malaysia. (2021). Factors of the effectiveness of working from home during the pandemic among civil servants. Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic Analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1–13. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods (4th ed.). SAGE. Prime Minister of Malaysia. (2024). Mandate of the Prime Public Service (APPA). Prime Minister's Office. Prime Minister's Office of Malaysia. (2024, August 1). Text of the Prime Minister's speech at the Launch Ceremony of the Guidelines on the Management and Governance of Federal Statutory Bodies. Putrajaya: Prime Minister's Department. https://www.pmo.gov.my/2024/08/teks-ucapan-yab-perdana-menteri-majlis-peluncuran-garis-panduan-mengenai-pengurusan-dan-tatakelola-badan-berkanun-persekutuan/ Prime Minister's Services Department (MAMPU/JDN). (2021–2025). Public Sector Digitalisation Strategic Plan (PSPSA) 2021–2025. Putrajaya. jdn.gov.mymalaysia.gov.my Public Service Department of Malaysia. (2022). Public Service Human Resource Development Policy (DPSM). PSD. JPA Documentation Public Service Department of Malaysia. (t.t.). Flexible Working Time (WBF) – MyPPSM. Retrieved 2025. JPA Documentation Sinar Harian. (2025, January 23). The Cabinet needs to be open to criticism, fix the gaps – Anwar. Sinar Harian.https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/714057/berita/nasional/jemaah-menteri-perlu-terbuka-terima-kritikan-perbaiki-kelompangan---anwar Siti Nur Amini binti Mohd Amin. (2023). Empowering women leadership in Malaysia MADANI way: Government sector. SMEs. Asian Journal of Business Research, 8(1), 22–396. Subre, N. S. M. (2023). The impact of effective organisational communication on employees’ productivity. Electronic Journal of Business and Management, 8(4), 77-87. Tan, E. J. (2025). The Impact of Flexible Work Arrangement and Technology Integration on Work-Life Balance in Malaysia SMEs. Business Management and Strategy, 16(2), 112-142. Waizenegger, L., McKenna, B., Cai, W. & Bendz, T. (2020). An affordance perspective of team collaboration and enforced working from home during COVID-19. European Journal of Information Systems, 29(4), 429-442. Welch, M. (2012). Appropriateness and acceptability: Employee perspectives of internal communication. Public Relations Review, 38(2), 246-254. Wuersch, L., Neher, A., Maley, J. F. & Peter, M. K. (2024). Using a digital internal communication strategy for digital capability development. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 18(3), 167-188.
Animating Heritage: A Study Of Cultural Themes In Malaysian Animated Film
Over the years, Malaysia has produced numerous animated films that integrate cultural elements into both development and production processes. Eastern animation, particularly in Malaysia, often employs visual storytelling enriched with distinctive cultural characteristics. This continuity of cultural themes, from early productions such as Hikayat Sang Kancil (1980s) to recent works like Mechamato (2022) reflects their enduring significance in shaping national animation. While previous studies have acknowledged cultural representations in Malaysian media, scholarly research focusing specifically on cultural themes in animated films remains limited in both scope and depth. This study adopts a qualitative methodology, employing indirect observation and purposive sampling of eight Malaysian animated films spanning different phases of the industry’s development. Thematic analysis was applied to identify recurring cultural elements and their narrative and visual functions. The findings reveal six key cultural elements traditional Malaysian culture, language, arts and crafts, social etiquette, traditional attire, and symbolic visual representation each illustrated through selected film examples across the four phases of Malaysian animation. These elements demonstrate not only continuity but also adaptation to contemporary animation practices. The study underscores the broader implications of embedding cultural heritage within animation, including the preservation and revitalisation of cultural identity, the enhancement of audience engagement through culturally resonant content, and the stimulation of industry innovation by merging tradition with digital technologies. For practitioners, the study recommends that animators consciously integrate cultural motifs in character and world-building, policymakers support culturally grounded productions, and educators utilise animated films as tools for cultural learning. References Abd Mubin, N. N. (2018). The portrayals of symbols characterizing Malaysian cultural values in local animated television series. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 11(1), 164–172. Ali, A. (2021). Book review: From Mouse Deer to Mouse: 70 Years of Malaysian Animation. Animation, 16(1–2), 96–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/17468477211025667 Amran, F., Halim, N., Muhammad, A., Khalid, M., Dasiman, N., Shamsusah, N., & Hashim, R. (2023). Application of multilocus sequence typing for the characterization of Leptospira strains in Malaysia. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 8(2), 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020069 Bernama. (2022, November 29). Mechamato Movie set to promote Malaysian culture, values globally in 2023. Malaysian National News Agency (BERNAMA). Bernama. (2025, August 18). Nation’s animation series elevates Malaysian culture to the world. Malaysian National News Agency (BERNAMA). Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa Ecological magic in My Neighbor Totoro. (n.d.). ACMI: Your Museum of Screen Culture. https://www.acmi.net.au/stories-and-ideas/my-neighbour-totoro-studio-ghibli-acmi-legacy-2018/ Fadzil, J., & Dalal, S. (2020). Re-inscribing budi in contemporary 3D Malaysian animation characters in Geng: The Adventure Begins (2009) and BoBoiBoy: The Movie (2016). Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(2), 87–95. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i2.368 Ghani, D. B. A. (2015). Upin & Ipin: Promoting Malaysian cultural values through animation. Historia y Comunicación Social, 20(2), 585–602. Global Demand Awards 2022: How has “Attack On Titan” achieved triumph? (n.d.). Parrot Analytics. https://www.parrotanalytics.com/insights/global-demand-awards-how-has-attack-on-titan-achieved-triumph-2022/ Harun, A., & Rahim, R. (2010). Analyzing the first Malaysian animated film Hikayat Sang Kancil. In 2010 International Conference on Science and Social Research (CSSR 2010) (pp. 618–623). https://doi.org/10.1109/cssr.2010.5773855 Hartini, N., Arbi, D., Tharbe, I., & Sumari, M. (2023). Written language politeness (of short messages on social media) and emotional intelligence: A study in Indonesia and Malaysia. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16, 1141–1147. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s400783 Kamaruddin, N., Satar, M., & Rosli, H. (2021). Stimulating interactive apps in conserving batik block pattern. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(10), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i10/10918 Karimon, N., Jarit, M., Noh, L., Harun, A., & Alias, A. (2023). A content analysis of a Malaysian stamp illustration of a local market scene. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(10), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i10/18980 Kasih, E., Husna, M., Mulia, M., & Fithratullah, M. (2022). Delineating masculinity belief in Guy de Maupassant’s three short stories. Journal of Feminism and Gender Studies, 2(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.19184/jfgs.v2i2.31956 Khalis, F. M., Mustaffa, N., & Ali, M. N. S. (2016). The sense of local identity characteristic in Malaysian animation. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 9(3), 497–508. Khalis, F., & Mustaffa, N. (2017). Cultural inspirations towards Malaysian animation character design. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 33(1), 487–501. https://doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2017-3301-32 Kusnita, S., Suwandi, S., Rohmadi, M., & Wardani, N. (2019). Recognition of pantang larang on children in West Borneo coastal Malayan myth through digital storytelling. In Proceedings of the 2nd EAI International Conference on Culture, Language, and Literature (ICCLL 2018). https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.19-10-2018.2282552 Low, J., Nishikawa, Y., Takahashi, Y., Toyama, M., Fisher, C., Low, W., & Nakayama, T. (2024). How Malaysian adolescents navigate sexual health information on the internet. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 37(1), 126–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/10105395241299919 Mamun, A., Nawi, N., Permarupan, P., & Muniady, R. (2018). Sources of competitive advantage for Malaysian micro-enterprises. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 10(2), 191–216. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-05-2017-0037 Muhamad, N., Tahir, A., Ramli, I., & Bakar, S. (2023). The development of the Malaysian cultural elements framework. Idealogy Journal of Arts and Social Science, 8(1), 176–202. https://doi.org/10.24191/idealogy.v8i1.421 Nadzri, N. S. M., Nambiar, R. M. K., & Ibrahim, N. (2013). The language identities of Malaysians as portrayed in Upin and Ipin. Jurnal Teknologi, 64(2), 43–48. Omar, M. A. M., & Ishak, M. S. A. (2017). Understanding Malaysian animation characteristics. Ong, T., & Troyer, R. (2022). The double-edged sword of Mandarin: Language shift and cultural maintenance among middle-aged Chinese-Malaysians. Manusya: Journal of Humanities, 25(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-25010005 Parrot Analytics. (2022, December 13). Global Demand Awards 2022: How has Attack on Titan achieved triumph? Shah, M. R., Rafi, A., & Perumal, V. (2021). A conceptual model of Malaysian computer animation storytelling. Natural Volatiles & Essential Oils, 8(4), 12353–12366. https://www.nveo.org/index.php/journal/article/view/2140 Siek, H., & Lee, C. (2021). The influence of national cultural attributes on locally produced designs: Case study of Malaysian design. IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies, 6(1), 23–43. https://doi.org/10.22492/ijcs.6.1.02 Sihombing, L., Shinta, D., Remmy, E., & Christian, R. (2022). Analysis of symbolism in Zootopia movie. Aksara: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 23(2), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.23960/aksara/v23i2.pp219-231 Standing, S., & Standing, C. (2019). Innovating authentically: Cultural differentiation in the animation sector. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 32(5), 557–571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-018-9473-8 Treffers-Daller, J. (2022). Explaining the diversity in Malay–English code-switching: A usage-based approach. Languages, 7(4), 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7040299 Wan, W. F. W., Razali, Z. A., Rabi’atul, A., & Sanip, S. (2018). Portrayal of mental illness in Malaysian media: A content analysis of selected online news reports. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 17(3), 46–56. Widiastuti, I. (2019). Untitled. International Journal of Linguistics and Discourse Analytics (IJOLIDA), 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.52232/ijolida.v1i1.10 Yaakup, H. S. (2024). Representation of disabilities in Malaysian films: Stereotypes, identities & the others. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2103.49
AI Ethics in Public Relations: A Literature-Based Examination of Bias, Privacy & Accountability in Scholarly Discourse
This paper investigates ethical issues of artificial intelligence (AI) within the field of Public Relations (PR), focusing on three interconnected dilemmas: algorithmic bias, data privacy, and professional responsibility. Based on a structured review of peer-reviewed literature, regulatory frameworks, and policy discussions, it offers a qualitative, interpretive analysis of how scholars and regulatory bodies perceive the ethical implications of AI adoption in strategic communication. The review pays particular attention to the Malaysian context, referencing the statutory frameworks such as the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (Act 588) and the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (Act 709), and critically assesses aspects of the National AI Governance and Ethics (AIGE) Code, including its reliance on a voluntary framework. Results show increased awareness of AI's advantages in PR work, especially its use in media monitoring, which will be more effective and efficient in creating and curating content, as well as enhancing crisis communication. However, these benefits are offset by ethical risks. The literature consistently highlights issues like biased algorithmic behaviour, lack of transparency in decision-making, loss of human control, and weak protection of personal data. There is a notable gap between technological advancements and enforceable ethical principles, which is concerning regarding responsibility and transparency in AI-supported communication. Another weakness of the study is that it relies on secondary sources, which may be inadequate for forming a comprehensive picture of PR practitioners and the latest developments in the industry. Nonetheless, the analysis offers a valuable critique of how AI ethics are conceptualised in academia and regulatory discourse. Ultimately, the paper calls for more robust and context-specific regulatory frameworks and additional empirical research to explore how PR professionals encounter ethical dilemmas posed by AI in real-world practice. These insights aim to enrich academic debate and influence policymaking towards promoting responsible and accountable AI applications within the field of PR. References ACM Conference on AI, Ethics and Society. (2020, February 7–8). Proceedings of the ACM Conference on AI, Ethics and Society. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3375627.3375804 Ahmad, N. H., Halim, H. A., & Zainal, S. R. M. (2022). Digital transformation: Exploring barriers and challenges in the practice of artificial intelligence in Malaysian manufacturing firms. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(12), 2132–2147. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i12/16089 Anani-Bossman, A., Nutsugah, N., & Abudulai, I. (2024). Artificial intelligence in public relations and communication management: Perspectives of Ghanaian professionals. Journal for Communication Studies in Africa, 43(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v43i1.2506 Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. (n.d.). What is AI? AAAI. https://www.aaai.org Assyari Abdullah. (2020). Public relations in the era of artificial intelligence: Peluang atau ancaman? Jurnal Aristo (Social, Politic, Humaniora), 8(2), 406. Babiak, O. (2023). Threads and upgrades of AI technology in the new media era. Grail of Science, 24, 441–448. https://doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.17.02.2023.080 Bourne, C. D., & Jackson, M. (2024). AI ethics are not enough: Public relations, social justice and artificial intelligence. In The Sage handbook of promotional culture and society (pp. 59–73). Sage. Çerçi, Ü. Ö. (2024). An innovative communication paradigm for the future of public relations: Artificial intelligence. 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