Gandaan Separa dalam Terminologi Bahasa Melayu: Analisis Sosioterminologi (Partial Reduplication in Malay Terminology: A Socio-terminological Analysis)

Abstract

Istilah dibentuk untuk menyokong perbendaharaan kata bagi setiap ilmu yang dikembangkan. Persoalannya, bagaimanakah orang dahulu mencipta istilah sebelum adanya rumus dan peraturan? Walaupun ada pendapat yang mengatakan bahawa sebahagian besar istilah pada masa lalu dibentuk secara spontan, namun pasti ada kaedah tersendiri yang membantu bijak pandai dahulu mencipta istilah. Bahkan, beberapa hasil penelitian membuktikan bahawa masyarakat Melayu mencipta istilah berdasarkan pengalaman mereka berinteraksi dengan alam. Tradisi tersebut tidak hanya terhenti dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu lama, tetapi juga berkesinambungan sehingga kini. Misalnya, melalui kaedah pembentukan nama-nama fauna seperti sesibur (sibur-sibur), pepatung (patung-patung), lelais (lais-lais) atau sesumpah (sumpah-sumpah); dan flora seperti deduit (duit-duit), bebaru (baru-baru), bebuas (buas-buas) atau bebati (beti-beti) yang muncul sejak zaman dahulu, kini istilah seperti cecair, rerambut, tetikus, bebuli dan tetingkap digunakan dalam pelbagai bidang ilmu, termasuk kejuruteraan dan sains dan teknologi. Persamaan struktur tersebut bukan sekadar berdasarkan peniruan semata-mata, sebaliknya ada rumus yang pastinya dapat dijelaskan. Artikel ini bertujuan memaparkan aspek dan pola gandaan separa dalam terminologi bahasa Melayu, di samping menjelaskan keterkaitan antara ilmu dan penciptaan istilah. Kupasan konsep istilah yang dihuraikan menggunakan pendekatan sosioterminologi, yang menggabungkan data, analogi, falsafah dan kognisi penutur Melayu, bukan sahaja dapat menyingkap kebijaksanaan Melayu dalam menentukan pemilihan istilah tetapi juga menyerlahkan akal budi Melayu. Analisis yang dilakukan terhadap 1,087 istilah gandaan separa yang ditemukan dalam korpus istilah Kejuruteraan dan Sains dan Teknologi (S&T) mendapati bahawa walaupun pembentukan istilah gandaan separa mengekalkan ragam kemelayuan istilah yang dibentuk, namun pembentukannya bukanlah dilakukan secara sembrono, sebaliknya mempunyai pola dan sistem yang teratur. 

Kata kunci: terminologi; sosioterminologi; akal budi Melayu; gandaan separa; istilah

Abstract

Terms are formed to address the need for vocabulary in new or expanded knowledge. The question is how were terms developed before there were ever rules or formula? While opinions abound that many terms have been formed spontaneously, there must have been certain methodologies that were adopted in the coinage of terms. Research has shown that in the Malay community of yesteryear, one approach that has been used was to source from people’s interaction with nature. The tradition does not stop among the ancient Malay community, but the same technique appears to have been used until the present day. For example, through the names of fauna such as sesibur (sibur-sibur), pepatung (patung-patung), lelais (lais-lais) or sesumpah (sumpah-sumpah); and flora such as deduit (duit-duit), bebaru (baru-baru), bebuas (buas-buas) or bebati (beti-beti), which have been used for a long time, new terminologies such as cecair, rerambut, tetikus, bebuli and tetingkap are used from a wide range of discipline, including engineering, science and technology. The structural similarity is certainly not a result of copying but is due to the adoption of particular formula that can be explained.  This article presents aspects and patterns of partial reduplication in Malay terminology, explaining the link between knowledge and the coinage of terms. Our deliberation on the concept of the coinage, which is based on socio-terminological analysis, drawing from the data, analogies used, and philosophy as well as cognition of the Malay speaker, not only brings to the fore the Malay wisdom in the determination of terms, but also highlights the reasoning of the Malay mind.  The analysis comprised of 1,087 partial reduplication terms found in the Science and Technology (S&T) corpus reveals that while the formation of the terms ensures the retention of their “Malayness”, the coinage has not been done arbitrarily but has been based on structured patterns and system.

Keyword: terminology; socio-terminology; the Malay mind; partial reduplication; term

DOI: http://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2017-1701-11