Penghuraian Strategi Wacana Teks Ucapan Belanjawan 2019 (An Interpretation of Discourse Strategies in The 2019 Budget Speech)
Abstract
Strategi wacana diperkirakan sebagai usaha yang strategik bagi mencapai kebolehsampaian dan kebolehfahaman dalam sesuatu proses komunikasi. Hal ini demikian kerana, setiap wacana yang dibina mengandungi intipati yang berbeza, melalui cara yang berbeza dan untuk khalayak sasaran yang berbeza. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menghuraikan strategi wacana yang digunakan oleh pewacana untuk membentangkan teks ucapan Belanjawan 2019. Untuk itu, kerangka teoritikal analisis wacana kritis terokaan Fairclough (1995, 2007, 2013) telah digunakan. Analisis terhadap strategi wacana teks ucapan Belanjawan 2019 tertumpu kepada dua unsur binaan amalan wacana, iaitu unsur intertekstuali dan unsur interdiskursiviti. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa pembinaan intertekstualiti telah melibatkan tiga unsur intertekstualiti seperti representasi wacana, metawacana dan praandaian. Penggunaan ketiga-tiga unsur intertekstualiti ini telah menunjukkan bahawa wacana belanjawan yang dihasilkan bersifat telus, tidak kontroversi dan tidak mengelirukan masyarakat. Bagi unsur interdiskursiviti pula, pewacana telah menggembleng empat jenis wacana lain seperti ekspositori, eksplanatori, argumentatif dan ekspresif. Gemblengan keempat-empat unsur interdiskursiviti ini telah mempamerkan variasi penyampaian sesuatu informasi dalam teks ucapan Belanjawan 2019. Kesimpulannya, pengenalpastian dan penghuraian terhadap strategi wacana teks ucapan Belanjawan 2019 telah menunjukkan bahawa pembentangan yang disampaikan bukan sahaja mewujudkan aktiviti sosioekonomi yang tersendiri tetapi juga menghasilkan binaan wacana yang lebih rencam. Oleh itu, pewacana perlu bertindak balas dengan citarasa khalayak yang menjadi gelanggang kepada kerajaan untuk terus mentadbir melalui strategi wacana belanjawannya.
Kata Kunci: Belanjawan 2019; teks ucapan; komunikasi; strategi wacana; analisis wacana kritis
ABSTRACT
Discourse strategy can be seen as a strategic effort to achieve accessibility and intelligibility in a communication process. Because every produced discourse contains different content, through different way and for a specific group of audience. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and elaborate the discourse strategy created by the speaker to present the 2019 budget speech text. For this purpose, theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis by Fairclough (1995, 2007, 2013) was employed in the study. The analysis of the 2019 budget discourse focuses on two elements of discourse practice, namely, intertextuality and interdiscursivity element. The result of this research indicated that intertextuality construct involves three elements of intertextuality such as discourse representation, metadiscourse and presupposition. The usage of these three intertextuality elements revealed that the resulting budget discourse created is transparent, non-controversial and does not mislead the people. For interdiscursivity element, the speaker has used four types of discourse such as expository, explanatory, argumentative and expressive. The consolidation of this four interdiscursivity elements represent a variation in the presentation of information in speech. In conclusion, the identification and elaboration of the 2019 budget speech text have shown that the presentation of the budget discourse not only creates socio-economic activity but also produces a more complex discourse. Therefore, the speaker needs to act wisely in responding to people’s needs for government to continue rule the country through its budget discourse strategy.
Keywords: 2019 budget; speech text; communication; discourse strategy; critical discourse analysis
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2020-2002-14
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