Analisis Vokal /ɑ/ di Akhir Kata dalam Dialek Melayu di Hilir Pahang (Analysis of Vowel /ɑ/ at the End of Words in the Malay Dialect in Hilir Pahang)

Abstract

Kajian ini merupakan suatu analisis vokal /ɑ/ di Hilir Pahang berlandaskan hasil dapatan dua kajian dialek tradisional oleh Asmah Haji Omar dan Ismail Husin. Penelitian kajian dialek geografi khususnya di Pahang ini amat kurang diperinci secara jelas telah menjadi asbab utama perbincangan artikel ini dihasilkan. Objektif artikel adalah untuk mengenal pasti perubahan variasi fonologi yang tersebar serta untuk memperjelaskan perubahan yang dialami di sepanjang hilir Pahang. Metodologi penyelidikan menggunakan kaedah kajian lapangan dengan penglibatan 320 orang informan yang terdiri daripada golongan tua, dewasa dan remaja. Ianya meliputi 40 buah kampung di tiga buah daerah hilir Pahang, iaitu Kuantan, Pekan dan Rompin. Analisis kajian diperjelaskan menerusi dua jenis angkubah iaitu linguistik dan non-linguistik. Angkubah linguistik akan ditelusuri menerusi pengaplikasian atur rumus fonologi yang asas bagi menjelaskan perubahan dialek yang berlaku, manakala angkubah non-linguistik pula akan meneliti aspek seperti sosiobudaya, sosioekonomi, geografi dan sejarah dalam merungkai asbab penyebaran sesuatu dialek. Fokus kajian tertumpu pada kehadiran vokal /ɑ/ diikuti konsonan nasal suku kata akhir. Hasil kajian mendapati wujud inovasi pada kawasan yang dikaji. Tuntasnya, artikel ini merangkumkan bahawa sebanyak 4 jenis dialek yang berjaya ditemui iaitu dialek Pekan, dialek Hilir Pahang, dialek Pesisir Pantai Terengganu dan dialek Kelantan. Penelitian kajian ini diperkukuhkan bersama paparan peta isoglos yang dijana melalui perisian Geographical Information System (GIS). Jelasnya, artikel ini telah menyumbang kepada dimensi kajian dialek geografi baharu menerusi penerapan analisis berasaskan teknologi GIS serta mengorak langkah dalam mengintegrasi disiplin non-linguistik dalam kajian dialek bagi merungkai pemerolehan data yang lebih menyeluruh.

Kata Kunci:  Dialek Melayu Hilir; Dialek Pahang; Geographical Information Systems (GIS); Geolinguistik; Isoglos

ABSTRACT

This study is focusing on the analysis of the vowel /ɑ/ in Hilir Pahang based on the findings of two traditional dialect studies by Asmah Haji Omar and Ismail Husin. Research on the geographical dialects, especially in Pahang, is not clearly detailed and has become the main reason for the discussion of the article. The objective of the article is to identify the changes in phonological variations that are spread as well as to clarify the changes experienced in the lower part of Pahang. The research methodology uses fieldwork methods with the involvement of 320 informants consisting of the elderly, adults, and teenagers. Its covers 40 villages in three districts hilir Pahang, which are Kuantan, Pekan, and Rompin. The analysis of the study is explained through two types, linguistic and non-linguistic analysis. Linguistic analysis will be explored through the application of the basic phonological  rules to explain dialect changes, while non-linguistic analysis will examine aspects such as socio-cultural, socioeconomic, geography, and history in unraveling the causes of the spread of a dialect. The focus of the study is on the presence of the vowel /ɑ/ followed by the nasal consonant of the final syllable. The results of the study found that there was innovation in the area studied. In conclusion, this article summarizes that there are 4 types of dialects that have been successfully found, namely Pekan dialect, Hilir Pahang dialect, Terengganu Coastal dialect, and Kelantan dialect. The research of this study is strengthened with the display of isogloss maps generated through Geographical Information System (GIS) software. Clearly, this article has contributed to a new dimension of geographical dialect studies through the application of GIS technology-based analysis as well as making strides in integrating non-linguistic disciplines in dialect studies to unravel more comprehensive data acquisition.

Keywords: Downstream Malay Dialect; Pahang dialect; Geographical Information Systems (GIS); Geolinguistics; Isoglosses