Sistem Pentauliahan Penterjemah: Sorotan Literatur Bersistematik (Translator Certification System: A Systematic Literature Review)
Abstract
Sistem pentauliahan penterjemah merupakan mekanisme penting dalam menjamin mutu khidmat terjemahan dan kredibiliti penterjemah. Tanpa sistem pentauliahan tersebut, industri terjemahan beroperasi dalam pasaran celaru di mana kerja terjemahan lazimnya diberikan kepada sesiapa sahaja yang mengaku sebagai penterjemah walaupun mereka tidak terlatih dalam bidang terjemahan dan tidak memiliki kelayakan akademik yang sewajarnya. Fenomena ini turut berlaku di Malaysia memandangkan masih belum ada satu sistem untuk mentauliahkan penterjemah. Untuk membangunkan satu model pentauliahan penterjemah yang berkesan di Malaysia, ia perlulah direka bentuk berpandukan kajian ilmiah yang berkaitan. Walaupun terdapat banyak kajian lepas berkaitan mekanisme pentauliahan penterjemah, masih belum ada satu sorotan literatur bersistematik mengenai topik ini. Oleh itu, kajian ini melaksanakan satu sorotan literatur bersistematik ke atas topik ini dengan tujuan mengenal pasti dan menganalisis aspek-aspek pentauliahan penterjemah yang dibincangkan dalam kajian lepas. Sebanyak 30 penulisan akademik yang terindeks dalam pangkalan data Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), dan Google Scholar dikenal pasti dan dipilih untuk disorot. Sorotan ini mengenal pasti empat tema utama yang dibincangkan oleh para sarjana, iaitu konsep pentauliahan penterjemah, kaedah pentauliahan, pihak penganugerah pentauliahan dan cabaran sistem pentauliahan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat beberapa pertimbangan yang seharusnya diberi perhatian dalam membangunkan sistem pentauliahan penterjemah di Malaysia. Antara pertimbangan tersebut ialah penggunaan kaedah peperiksaan untuk pentauliahan penterjemah, merapatkan jurang antara sistem pentauliahan dan realiti dunia pekerjaan, pentauliahan penterjemah oleh badan yang bebas daripada sebarang konflik kepentingan, dan meningkatkan kesedaran tentang kepentingan pentauliahan dalam kalangan para penterjemah untuk menjamin kemapanan sistem pentauliahan tersebut.
Kata kunci: Pentauliahan penterjemah; khidmat terjemahan; peperiksaan pentauliahan; industri terjemahan; sorotan literatur bersistematik
ABSTRACT
The translator certification system is instrumental in assuring the quality of translation services and the credibility of translators. Without a certification system, the translation industry would operate in a chaotic market where translation work is often assigned to anyone claiming to be a translator even if they are not trained in translation and do not possess the appropriate academic qualifications. This phenomenon can be seen in Malaysia where there is still no system to certify translators. The development of an effective translator certification model for Malaysia must be research-driven. Although numerous studies have been conducted on translator certification mechanisms, a systematic review of the literature has yet to be carried out. Therefore, this study conducts a systematic review of the literature on this topic with the objective of identifying and analysing issues related to the certification of translators. A total of 30 academic writings indexed by Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar databases were identified and selected for the review. The review identified four key themes discussed by scholars, namely the concept of translator certification, certification methods, certifying bodies and the challenges of certification systems. The findings of the study highlight several considerations that should be accounted for in developing a translator certification system for Malaysia. Among these considerations are the use of the examination method to certify translators, bridging the gap between the certification system and the real world of translation practice, the certification of translators by an independent entity to avoid any conflict of interest, and increasing awareness among translators on the importance of certification to ensure the sustainability of the certification system.
Keywords: Translator certification; professionalisation; translation study; translation industry; systematic literature review
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2023-2304-07
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