Interactional Competence in Language Use: A Literature-Informed Review of Influencing Factors

Nuntapat Supunya, Supong Tangkiengsirisin

Abstract


Human social actions in interaction can be achieved through the spontaneous execution of multiple resources beyond linguistics. Achieving mutual understanding among interlocutors relies upon Interactional Competence (IC), the ability to interact, maintain, and repair problems in ongoing conversation using available resources-at-talk. The proliferation of conversation analysis (CA) studies has predominantly shed light on interactional mechanisms (e.g., requests and complaints), conversational sequences, and conversational feature development, resulting in calls for further inquiries into what comes into play in interaction. Thus, this systematic review, with a macro-analytical focus, aims to characterise literature-informed factors evident in influencing interaction. Guided by the adapted PRISMA flow diagram, 67 Scopus-indexed IC-related articles published from January 2010 to July 2023 were shortlisted and analysed to determine such influential factors. Using an inductive approach, eight significant factors emerged from the empirical research synthesis: social actions, interactional mechanisms, sociopragmatics, pragmalinguistics, linguistic knowledge, non-linguistic resources, content knowledge, and psychological elements. The analysis further illustrated that these factors are interrelated, reflecting a dynamic and complex praxeology of interaction in today’s conversation. Reflecting on the conceptualisation of IC, the findings further expand our current understanding by defining IC as a psychology-driven construct as evidenced in its 13-year literature review. Pedagogical implications and future research directions are also proposed.

 


Keywords


Interactional competence; interaction; factors influencing interaction; systematic review; research synthesis

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References


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