Ciri-ciri Linguistik dalam Buku Cerita Awal Kanak-kanak: Kajian Skop Sistematik untuk Pembangunan Kerangka Awal Bahasa Melayu (Linguistic Features in Early Childen’s Storybooks: A Systematic Scoping Review for Developing an Early Malay Language Framework)
Abstract
Buku cerita kanak-kanak berperanan penting dalam pemerolehan bahasa awal, namun bukti empirikal tentang ciri linguistik yang menyokong perkembangan bahasa masih terhad. Kajian ini memetakan ciri linguistik utama dalam buku cerita bagi kanak-kanak yang berumur dari 1 hingga 4;11 tahun (notasi umur merujuk kepada tahun;bulan, iaitu 4 tahun 11 bulan) dan mencadangkan kerangka awal dalam pembangunan buku cerita bahasa Melayu. Ulasan skop ini berpandukan PRISMA-ScR dengan carian sistematik dalam Scopus, Web of Science dan ERIC (2015–2024). Daripada 267 rekod, 38 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria umur dianalisis. Dapatan menunjukkan semantik (95%) dan pragmatik (87%) paling konsisten merentas kajian, diikuti oleh sintaksis (47%), manakala fonologi (21%) dan morfologi (8%) kurang diterokai. Analisis mengikut umur memperlihatkan trajektori progresif iaitu kosa kata konkrit dan giliran tutur asas (1–2 tahun), ledakan kosa kata dan ayat mudah (2–3 tahun), peralihan kepada kosa kata abstrak dan struktur kompleks (3–4 tahun), serta integrasi lima domain linguistik (4–4;11 tahun). Kajian ini merupakan ulasan skop pertama yang mengintegrasikan lima domain linguistik berdasarkan peringkat umur bagi membangunkan kerangka buku cerita dalam konteks bahasa Melayu. Sumbangan baharu kajian ini berasaskan sintesis lima domain linguistik khusus untuk mengaplikasikan buku cerita dalam konteks bahasa Melayu, serta pengenalpastian jurang kritikal morfologi dan fonologi yang memerlukan validasi tempatan. Kerangka empat fasa yang terhasil dapat memberikan panduan kepada penerbit, pendidik, pembuat dasar, serta pihak berkepentingan.
Kata kunci: Buku cerita kanak-kanak; Ciri linguistik; Pemerolehan bahasa; Bahasa Melayu
ABSTRACT
Children’s storybooks are central to early language acquisition; yet, empirical evidence on the linguistic features that support their development remains limited. This scoping review maps key linguistic features in storybooks for children aged 1 to 4;11(i.e., 4 years and 11 months) and proposes a preliminary framework for Malay-language storybook development. Following PRISMA-ScR, we systematically searched Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC (2015–2024). Of 267 records, 38 studies met the age criteria. Findings show strong and consistent evidence for semantics (95%) and pragmatics (87%), moderate coverage for syntax (47%), and limited attention to phonology (21%) and morphology (8%). Age-based synthesis indicates a progressive trajectory from concrete vocabulary and basic turn-taking (1–2 years), to vocabulary burst and simple sentences (2–3 years), emerging abstract vocabulary and complex structures (3–4 years), and integration across five linguistic domains (4–4;11 years). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scoping review that integrates five linguistic domains across age groups to inform a Malay-language storybook framework. This study provides an age-tiered synthesis of five linguistic domains tailored to Malay-language application, and identifies the critical gaps in morphology and phonology that require local validation. The proposed four-phase framework offers an operational basis for publishers, educators, and policymakers, pending further empirical testing.
Keywords: Children’s storybooks; Linguistic features; Language acquisition; Malay language
Keywords
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