Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik Strategi Lakuan Bahasa Permintaan  dalam kalangan Pelajar Merentas Budaya  (Systematic Literature Review Request Act Strategies  Across Multicultural Students)

Nur Faizal Aznan; Mohammed Azlan Mis; Maslida Yusof

Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik Strategi Lakuan Bahasa Permintaan dalam kalangan Pelajar Merentas Budaya (Systematic Literature Review Request Act Strategies Across Multicultural Students)

Nur Faizal Aznan, Mohammed Azlan Mis, Maslida Yusof

Abstract

Kajian ini bertujuan meninjau secara sistematik strategi lakuan bahasa permintaan dalam kalangan pelajar merentas budaya melalui pendekatan Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik (SLR). Sebanyak 20 artikel terpilih dianalisis berdasarkan protokol PRISMA dengan memfokuskan kajian yang melibatkan pelajar sebagai responden serta konteks lakuan bahasa permintaan merentas budaya. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa strategi lakuan bahasa permintaan dapat dihimpunkan kepada dua bentuk utama, iaitu strategi permintaan langsung dan tidak langsung. Secara umum, pelajar penutur jati didapati lebih cenderung menggunakan strategi tidak langsung, manakala pelajar bukan penutur jati lebih kerap menggunakan strategi langsung, khususnya dalam konteks pembelajaran bahasa kedua. Dari sudut kesopanan, penggunaan strategi berlapik lebih dominan dalam interaksi yang melibatkan hubungan hierarki atau jarak sosial yang lebih tinggi, manakala dalam interaksi rakan sebaya, tahap kesopanan didapati kurang konsisten. Selain itu, latar budaya dan orientasi nilai sosial turut mempengaruhi pemilihan strategi permintaan, khususnya perbezaan antara budaya. Dari segi sumbangan, jurang kajian berkaitan strategi lakuan bahasa permintaan dalam konteks pelajar pelbagai kaum telah dikenalpasti, khususnya melibatkan penggunaan bahasa Melayu dalam lakuan bahasa permintaan. Dapatan kajian ini diharapkan dapat menyumbang kepada pengukuhan penyelidikan pragmatik dan komunikasi berkesan dalam kalangan pelajar merentas budaya. Kajian mengenai strategi lakuan bahasa permintaan dalam kalangan pelajar merentas budaya semakin berkembang di Malaysia dan luar negara. Antara isu yang dibahaskan melibatkan strategi yang digunakan oleh pelajar yang merupakan penutur jati dan bukan penutur jati dalam melaksanakan permintaan. Justeru, kajian ini memfokuskan kajian berkaitan strategi lakuan bahasa permintaan yang melibatkan pelbagai budaya di dalam mahupun luar negara.

Kata kunci: literatur sistematik;strategi; lakuan bahasa ; pelajar; budaya

ABSTRACT

This study aims to systematically review request speech act strategies among students across multicultural contexts through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 20 selected studies were analysed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, with a specific focus on studies involving students as respondents and cross-cultural request speech act contexts. The findings indicate that request strategies can be broadly categorised into two main types, namely direct and indirect request strategies. Overall, native speakers tend to employ indirect request strategies more frequently, while non-native speakers rely more heavily on direct strategies, particularly in second language learning contexts. From a politeness perspective,

indirect and mitigated strategies are more commonly used in interactions involving hierarchical relationships or greater social distance, whereas politeness strategies appear less consistent in peer-to-peer interactions. Furthermore, cultural background and social value orientations significantly influence the selection of request strategies, reflecting cross-cultural differences in pragmatic norms. In terms of contribution, this review identifies a clear research gap concerning request speech act strategies among students from different ethnic backgrounds within a single national context, particularly studies involving the use of the Malay language in request speech acts. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the advancement of pragmatic research and promote more effective cross-cultural communication among students.

Keywords: literature review; strategy; speech act; student; cultural

Keywords

literature review; strategy; speech act; student; cultural

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