Penyertaan orang Asli dalam aktiviti eko-pelancongan di Tasik Chini, Pahang, Malaysia (Orang Asli participation in eco-tourism activities at Tasik Chini, Pahang, Malaysia)

Zanisah Man, En Ne Yeoh

Abstract


Transformasi ekonomi global dan lokal yang menjurus kepada sektor perindustrian dan teknologi bagi tujuan pembangunan ekonomi telah mengakibatkan komuniti minoriti seperti orang asli untuk tidak boleh lagi hanya bergantung kepada hasil hutan sebagai sumber pendapatan. Sehubungan itu komuniti Orang Asli daripada suku Jakun di Tasik Chini, Pahang telah melibatkan diri secara aktif dalam aktiviti pelancongan dengan menubuhkan rumah penginapan seperti Kijang Mas Gumum Chalet, Rajan Jones Guest House dan Wira Gumum Resorts atas modal persendirian dan bantuan kerajaan. Temubual mendalam dengan bekas dan pengusaha rumah tumpangan serta pemimpin tempatan telah dilakukan bagi mengenalpasti cabaran pelancongan di Tasik Chini. Data yang diperolehi daripada ketua atau wakil isirumah di lima buah kampung Orang Asli pada tahun 2017 telah dibandingkan dengan data Pelan Strategik Tasik Chini pada tahun 2010 bagi melihat pergantungan komuniti terhadap sumber semulajadi di Tasik Chini. Kajian mendapati, penyertaan komuniti Jakun dalam program eko-pelancongan termasuk penjagaan dan pemuliharaan alam sekitar adalah sangat positif. Akan tetapi, kesediaan Tasik Chini untuk menawarkan sebuah destinasi pelancongan yang mampu menarik perhatian pelancong dari dalam dan luar negara semakin ampuh disebabkan oleh kemerosotan alam sekitar yang semakin meruncing. Kesiapsiagaan komuniti Jakun dalam mengendalikan aktiviti pelancongan dan isu pemilikan tanah bagi tapak pelancongan juga menjadi cabaran utama keberdayasaingan eko-pelancongan di kawasan ini. Oleh itu, kajian ini mencadangkan supaya kerjasama antara komuniti dan agensi-agensi yang berwibawa amat perlu untuk menangani masalah alam sekitar di Tasik Chini. Aktiviti eko-pelancongan yang berasaskan kebudayaan Orang Asli serta berunsurkan konsep homestay dan kampungstay perlu dilaksanakan bagi meningkatkan kembali minat pelancong ke kawasan ini.

Katakunci: orang Asli, eko-pelancongan orang asli, penglibatan orang Asli, Tasik Chini, kemerosotan alam sekitar

The global and local economic transformation leading to the industrial and technological sectors for economic development have resulted in the minority community such as the indigenous people cannot only rely with forest products for their sources of income. This situation has led the Orang Asli of Jakun community in Tasik Chini to actively involved in tourism industry with the establishment of Kijang Mas Gumum Chalet, Rajan Jones Guest House and Wira Gumum Resorts, operated under personal funding and government assistance. In-depth interview was conducted with former and recent chalet operators, and local leaders in order to understand the tourism struggles in Tasik Chini. Data collected from the head households or their representatives from five villages in 2017 were compared with 2010’s Tasik Chini Strategik Implementation Plan in order to see the the community’s dependency on the natural resources surrounding Tasik Chini. The findings showed a positive engagement of Jakun community towards eco-tourism programs including the protection and conservation of the natural environment. However, Tasik Chini readiness as an attractive tourist destination viewed by both locals and foreign visitors is increasingly hampered by the existing environmental degradation. Likewise, community preparedness in terms of conducting their eco-tourism activities, and issues related to land ownership within the touristic sites have become the major challenges to the competitiveness of the eco-tourism in this area. For that reason, collaboration between all stakeholders such as the local community and other agencies is essential in order to tackle the environmental issues enveloping Tasik Chini. Initiating eco-tourism activities inspired by Orang Asli culture and focusing on homestay and kampungstay concepts is necessary, in order to restore the tourist’s attraction within this area.

Keywords: orang Asli, indigenous ecotourism, indigenous participation, Tasik Chini, environmental degradation



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References


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