Pemberimilikan tanah: Sebab pendorong kepada pertikaian dalam pembangunan tanah (Land alienation: Causes that lead to dispute on land development)

Azima Abdul Manaf, Mohd Shafiq Akmal Kasimon

Abstract


Pemberimilikan tanah melalui beberapa kaedah penganugerahan pemilikan telah mencetuskan pertikaian pemilikan khusus dalam pembangunan tanah di beberapa daerah di negeri Sabah. Perasaan tidak puas hati pemilik tanah ini telah mencetuskan konflik dalam kalangan mereka dengan pihak agensi yang terlibat. Pelbagai penentangan terhadap usaha penganugerahan pemilikan tanah yang dijalankan didapati boleh menyebabkan usaha pembangunan tanah kawasan setempat akan terganggu. Keadaan ini disebabkan oleh kebimbangan masyarakat setempat terhadap keberadaan tanah natif masyarakat adat. Perasaan takut dan bimbang ini boleh mewujudkan halangan terhadap pembangunan tanah apabila ramai dalam kalangan pemilik tanah mula mempertikaian keperluan terhadap kaedah pemilikan yang ingin dijalankan oleh pihak agensi yang berkaitan. Sehubungan itu, adalah menjadi satu keperluan penelitian terhadap punca atau sebab yang mendorong kepada pertikaian yang berlaku antara pemilik tanah dengan pihak agensi yang berkaitan. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk merungkai punca yang menyebabkan bantahan pemilik tanah terhadap beberapa kaedah pemberimilikan tanah yang telah dilaksanakan dalam pembangunan tanah. Bagi membolehkan pengkaji memahami punca yang mendorong kepada berlakunya pertikaian dalam kalangan pemilik tanah, maka pendekatan institusi ekonomi telah digunapakai untuk merungkai sebab yang menyebabkan bantahan pemilik tanah. Temubual mendalam telah dilakukan dengan pemilik tanah di kawasan kajian. Tujuannya adalah untuk mendapatkan pandangan mereka berhubung dengan sebab yang mendorong kepada pertikaian pemberimilikan tanah melalui kaedah geran komunal. Beberapa soalan terpandu telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan sebab mereka membantah penganugerahan milikan tanah secara geran komunal. Dapatan kajian menjelaskan bahawa terdapat beberapa faktor yang mendorong pertikaian masyarakat setempat antaranya Akta Tanah Adat (NCR), peruntukan Geran Komunal dan sistem pengagihan tanah. Manakala bagi faktor informal pula merangkumi ketelusan pihak berkuasa, adat dan budaya yang menjadi penyebab kepada pertikaian pemilikan tanah NCR. Rumusannya antara sebab yang membawa kepada pertikaian tanah NCR adalah berkait dengan kebimbangan, kerisauan dan keraguan mereka terhadap keberadaan tanah tanah untuk generasi seterusnya.

Kata kunci: Bantahan, pertikaian, penganugerahan pemilikan, pendekatan institusi, pembangunan tanah

Land alienation through several ownership award method has triggered ownership disputes on land development in several districts in Sabah. The dissatisfaction of the landowners has triggered conflict in their circles with the agencies involved. Various resistance to the land alienation efforts undertaken were found to be disruptive to the land development efforts of the local area. This is due to the concern of the local community over the existence of the native land of the customary community. These fears and worry could create barriers to land development when many of the landowners began to dispute the need for the ownership method to be carried out by the relevant agencies in the land development. In this regard, it is a need for scrutiny of the reasons or causes leading to the disputes between the landowners and the relevant agencies. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to shed light on the underlying causes of the objection by landowners against several land alienation methods that have been implemented. To enable the researchers to understand the underlying causes of the disputes among the landowners, the economic institution's approach has been used to address the underlying causes for the objection of landowners. Thus, an in-depth interview with the native landowners in the Semporna district of Sabah has been conducted. The purpose is to obtain their views in relation to the causes that lead to the dispute of land alienation through the Communal Grant method. A few guided questions were used to obtain the reason for them to object to the land ownership by communal grants. The findings of the study explained that there were several factors that led to the local community disputes including the Customary Land Act (NCR), the provision of Communal Grants and land distribution systems. The informal factors include transparency of the authority, customs and culture which are the causes of the dispute of the NCR land ownership. The reason for the NCR land dispute is related to their concerns and doubts about the availability of the land for the next generation.

Keywords: Objections, disputes, ownership award, institutional approach, land development


Keywords


Bantahan; pertikaian; penganugerahan pemilikan; pendekatan institusi; pembangunan tanah

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