Analisis impak perlombongan pasir di Kelantan menggunapakai pendekatan pemodenan ekologikal (Impact analysis of sand mining in Kelantan using ecological modernization approach)

Abstract

Aktiviti perlombongan pasir mempunyai potensi sangat besar dari segi pengeluaran, peluang pekerjaan, pengagihan pendapatan, pembangunan sosioekonomi di peringkat lokal dan nasional. Pasir merupakan sumber sangat berharga untuk industri pembinaan di seluruh dunia. Walau bagaimanapun, sumber mineral ini telah menimbulkan pelbagai masalah kepada persekitaran dan sosial penduduk. Kajian ini bertujuan, mengenal pasti impak yang wujud dalam aktiviti perlombongan pasir dan cabaran dalam aktiviti perlombongan pasir oleh pihak berkepentingan di Kelantan. Kajian ini menganalisis impak aktiviti perlombongan pasir menggunapakai pendekatan pemodenan ekologikal. Data kajian diperolehi melalui hasil temu bual dan pemerhatian tidak ikut serta dan dianalisis melalui perisian Nvivo. Perlombongan pasir banyak memberi impak kepada alam sekitar dan kesan sosio budaya kepada penduduk setempat. Isu perlombongan secara haram dan kurangnya penguatkuasaan pihak berwajib menjadi masalah utama yang dihadapi dalam aktiviti perlombongan pasir di Kelantan. Hasil kajian mendapati pendekatan pemodenan ekologikal masih relevan untuk diadaptasi dalam menganalisis impak perlombongan pasir di Kelantan melalui peranan pihak berkuasa serta kepentingan jaringan kerjasama antara agensi yang terlibat dalam pengurusan aktiviti perlombongan pasir di Malaysia. Konflik antara agensi yang terlibat dalam aktiviti lombong pasir perlu ditangani dan saling memberi kerjasama dan komited dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsi agensi yang telah dipertanggungjawabkan demi kelestarian sejagat.

Kata kunci: Alam sekitar, Kelantan, perlombongan pasir, teori pemodenan ekologikal

Sand mining activities have enormous potential in terms of production, job opportunities, income distribution, socioeconomic development at the local and national levels. Sand is a very valuable resource for the construction industry around the world. However, these mineral resources have caused various problems to the environment and social population. This study aims to identify the impact that exists in sand mining activities and the challenges in sand mining activities by stakeholders in Kelantan. This study analyzes the impact of sand mining activities using an ecological modernization approach. Research data was obtained through interviews and non-participatory observations and analyzed through Nvivo software. Sand mining has a lot of impact on the environment and socio-cultural impact on the local population. The issue of illegal mining and the lack of enforcement by the authorities is the main problem faced in sand mining activities in Kelantan. The results of the study found that the ecological modernization approach is still relevant to be adapted in analyzing the impact of sand mining in Kelantan through the role of the authorities as well as the importance of cooperation networks between agencies involved in the management of sand mining activities in Malaysia. Conflicts between agencies involved in sand mining activities need to be addressed and mutual cooperation and commitment in carrying out duities and functions of the agencies that have been held accountable for the sake of universal sustainability.

Keywords: Environment, Kelantan, sand mining, ecological modernization theory