Analisis ruangan hot spot jenayah pecah rumah di negeri Selangor, Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya pada tahun 2015-2020 (Spatial analysis of crimes hot spot of housebreaking in Selangor, Putrajaya, and Kuala Lumpur in 2015-2020)
Abstract
Kajian ini adalah berdasarkan analisis ruangan kes jenayah pecah rumah di negeri Selangor, Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya pada tahun 2015-2020. Kajian ini juga menggunakan statistik ruangan GIS bagi mengesan titik panas bagi kawasan yang kerap berlakunya jenayah pecah rumah di sekitar kawasan kajian berdasarkan masa iaitu pada waktu siang dan pada waktu malam. Berdasarkan laporan kes pecah rumah dari tahun 2015-2020, Getis Ord Gi* digunakan untuk untuk mengenalpasti kawasan yang berisiko tinggi berlakunya jenayah pecah rumah berdasarkan Z-Skor dan Nilai-P. Analisis ini juga menunjukkan kawasan hot spot adalah lebih kurang sama pada waktu siang dan malam. Namun, jumlah kes adalah berbeza kerana faktor-faktor yang berkemungkinan menyebabkan berlakunya rumah dipecah masuk. Proses pemetaan menggunakan perisian ArcGIS digunakan bagi membandingkan kawasan hot spot kejadian jenayah pecah rumah yang terjadi pada waktu siang dan malam. Implikasi kajian ini dapat membantu pihak Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) supaya membuat pemantauan dan rondaan yang kerap bagi membanteras jenayah pecah rumah daripada terus berleluasa dan membahayakan penduduk setempat. Maklumat ini benar-benar akan membantu pihak PDRM untuk memutuskan ke mana untuk mengarahkan usaha mereka dan cara menggunakan sumber mereka dengan lebih cekap, kerana jenayah pecah rumah tertumpu di kawasan perumahan, industri dan komersial tidak kira di kawasan berkepadatan tinggi, bandar atau luar bandar. Ia juga menunjukkan bahawa kawasan hot spot bagi jenayah pecah rumah lebih tertumpu kepada tempat atau kawasan yang berada di bandar dan jauh dari pesisir pantai. Daripada kajian ini juga, maklumat berkaitan jenayah pecah rumah di Selangor, Putrajaya dan Kuala Lumpur dapat dikongsi bersama pihak PDRM, pihak berkuasa tempatan (PBT), pembuat dasar dan komuniti setempat di kawasan kajian. Keseluruhannya, kajian ini dapat membantu pihak berkuasa seperti (PDRM) dalam mencegah dan mengurangkan indeks jenayah pecah rumah dibawah Seksyen 457 Kanun Keseksaan (Akta 574) dengan menggunakan aplikasi GIS.
Kata kunci: Analisis ruangan, COVID-19, jenayah pecah rumah, pemetaan titik panas jenayah, Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS)
This study is based on the analysis of crime cases of housebreaking in the states of Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya in 2015-2020. This study also uses GIS spatial statistics to detect hot spots for areas where burglaries often occur around the study area based on time, which is during the day and at night. Based on burglary case reports from 2015-2020, Getis Ord Gi* is used to identify areas with a high risk of burglary crimes based on Z-Score and P-Value. This analysis also shows that the hot spot area is more or less the same during the day and night. However, the number of cases is different because of the factors that are likely to cause the house to be broken into. The mapping process using ArcGIS software is used to compare the hot spot areas of burglary incidents that occur during the day and night. The implications of this study can help the Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM) to conduct regular monitoring and patrols to combat housebreaking crimes from continuing to spread and harm local residents. This information will really help the PDRM to decide where to direct their efforts and how to use their resources more efficiently, because burglary crimes are concentrated in residential, industrial and commercial areas regardless of high density, urban or rural areas. It also shows that the hot spot area for burglary crimes is more concentrated in places or areas that are in the city and far from the coast. From this study, information related to burglary crimes in Selangor, Putrajaya and Kuala Lumpur can be shared with PDRM, local authorities (PBT), policy makers and local communities in the study area. Overall, this study can help authorities such as (PDRM) in preventing and reducing the crime index of burglary under Section 457 of the Penal Code (Act 574) by using GIS applications.
Keywords: Spatial analysis, COVID-19, housebreaking crime, crime hot spot mapping, Geographic Information System (GIS)
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