Key determinants of success for bumiputera entrepreneurs in small and medium-sized micro enterprises
Abstract
Bumiputera entrepreneurs play an important role in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in the Malaysian economy. Therefore, the government has implemented a variety of initiatives and programs to increase the number of Bumiputra entrepreneurs. However, Bumiputera entrepreneurs still lag behind in the field of entrepreneurship, particularly in terms of sustainability and competitiveness. Although numerous studies have explored entrepreneurial success in general, there remains a limited number of empirical studies that specifically examine the critical success factors affecting Bumiputera entrepreneurs at the local level, especially in rural or semi-urban areas like Parit Sulong, Batu Pahat, Johor. Hence, this study aims to measure the level of success of Bumiputera entrepreneurs and determine the factors that influence their success in MSMEs in the aforementioned area. This study was conducted quantitatively using a questionnaire as a research tool. Purposive sampling techniques are used for data collection purposes. As a result, a total of 140 Bumiputera entrepreneurs were involved in this study. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests were applied for the purpose of answering the objectives of the study. Finding shows that Bumiputera entrepreneurs have a high overall score for success. The study also found that financial resources and financing, entrepreneurial skills, government support and technological innovation and adaptation have a significant relationship with the level of success of Bumiputera entrepreneurs. The main findings confirm that access to financial resources and financing, entrepreneurial skills and technological innovation and adaptation have an impact on entrepreneurs' success. The implication from this study summarizes that the factor of access to financial resources and financing still needs to be addressed to ensure that Bumiputera entrepreneurs' success is improved. Furthermore, the level of entrepreneurial skills supported by innovation and technological adaptation must be emphasized for Bumiputera entrepreneurs to survive in their businesses.
Keywords: Bumiputera entrepreneur, entrepreneurial skill, financial resources, government support, innovation, technology
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdullah, M. A., & Hussin, M. F. (2021). Model niat untuk berjaya dalam kalangan perusahaan kecil sederhana muslim: Tinjauan berdasarkan kepada Pendekatan Teori Kelakuan Terancang (TPB). International Journal of Islamic Business, 6(1), 1-14.
Arshad, A. S., Mohd Zain, Z., Arshad, A. A., & Md Kamil, N. (2017). Factors affecting business success of small and medium enterprises in Malaysia. ASEAN Entrepreneurship Journal, 3(1), 56-63.
Atikah Nor Johari, Armanurah Mohamad & Arwanis Ku Ishak. (2020). Faktor-faktor penyumbang kepada kejayaan keusahawanan dalam kalangan agropreneur muda di Malaysia: Satu kajian rangka kerja konseptual. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Practices (IJEMP), 3(10).
Ayob, N. A., Aziz, M. A., Ayob, N. H., & Fathanah, S. N. (2023). Role of institutions in women entrepreneurship development: A literature review on human capital, competitiveness, and digital. Journal of Administrative Science ,20(1), 191-212.
Azmi Abdul Manaf, Nik Hairi Omar & Lee Kuan Yee. (2012). Faktor kritikal kejayaan usahawan dalam perniagaan. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(1), 34-45.
Azmi Wahab, Aida Idris & Diana Abdul Wahab. (2020). Peranan pengurusan strategik dalam pertumbuhan Perusahaan Kecil dan Sederhana (PKS) di Malaysia. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 17(1), 108-124.
Azmi Wahab, Diana Abdul Wahab & Mohammad Tawfik. (2019). Cabaran-cabaran perusahaan kecil dan sederhana di Malaysia pasca merdeka. Jurnal Sains Insani,4(2), 65-75.
Badariah Ab Rahman, Nor Syakirah Zakaria & Nasir Nayan. (2020). Perkembangan Perusahaan Kecil dan Sederhana di Malaysia. Universiti Malaysia Sabah Press.
Berita Harian. (2022, December 18). INSKEN bantu lonjak jualan usahawan tempatan. https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2022/12/1041127/insken-bantu-lonjak-jualan-usahawan-tempatan
Bond, T. G., & Fox, C. M. (2015). Applying the Rasch Model Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Chang, Y. C., & Webster, S. (2019). Impact of government regulations and financial assistance on export performance of SMEs in Australia. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 20, 1533-1595.
Chua, Y. P. (2022). Kaedah dan Statsitik Penyelidikan (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Taylor & Francis.
Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM). (2022). Petunjuk Ekonomi. https://www.dosm.gov.my/portal-main/release-subthemes/economics-indicator
Dobrovic, J., Lambovska, M., Gallo, P., & Timkova, V. (2018). Non-financial indicators and their importance in small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Competitiveness, 10(1), 41-55.
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4.
Faradillah Iqmar Omar, Samsudin A.Rahim & Nur Ajeerah Othman. (2017). Penggunaan internet dalam kalangan usahawan wanita: Akses, kemahiran dan motivasi. Malaysian Journal of Communication, 33(3), 21-36.
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behaviour Research Methods 41, 1149-1160.
Ghazali Darusalam & Sufean. (2018). Metodologi Penyelidikan dalam Pendidikan: Amalan dan Analisa Kajian. Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Hair, J. F., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. Pearson Education.
Hashom, H. B. (2016). Pengaruh Gaya Kepimpinan ke atas Orientasi Keusahawanan dengan Prestasi Perniagaan Usahawan Mikro Bumiputera di Kedah [Master’s dissertation, Universiti Utara Malaysia].
Israel, B., & Rutainurwa, V. (2025). Dynamic skills for achieving profitability and long-term sustainability of start-up MSMEs. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 13(1), 85-104.
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2022). Perusahaan Mikro, Kecil dan Sederhana 2022. https://jtksm.mohr.gov.my/sites/default/files/2024-01/eBook%20iStatistik%20bil%203_ 2023%20WEB.pdf
Johan Jones, Nur Faraeein Zainal Abidin, Jabil Mapjabil, Nur Izzah Nabilah Haron, Siti Hairah Taha & Corina Claire Alexander. (2018). Faktor penentu kejayaan usahawan kuih tradisional di Daerah Papar, Sabah. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 14(1), 142-157.
Kamaruddin, N., & Wahid, H. (2020). Potensi dan cabaran pengusaha perusahaan kecil dan sederhana (PKS) dalam pemasaran produk makanan halal semasa pandemik covid-19. Journal of Management and Muamalah, 10(2), 1-20.
Lussier, R. N. (1995). A nonfinancial business success versus failure prediction model for young firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 33, 8-19.
Mahani Amat & Suraiya Ishak. (2019). Faktor PSiKKIT: Pendorong inovasi pembungkusan dalam kalangan Industri Kecil dan Sederhana berasaskan perusahaan makanan. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 15(3), 90-103.
Mohd Maliki Kamarul Zaman & Norasmah Othman. (2018). Amalan pengurusan perniagaan usahawan wanita FELCRA Berhad. Journal of Business Innovation, 3(1), 1-21.
Mohd Syahrir Rahim, Ahmad Zamil Abd Khalid, Sahadah Abdullah, Syahrina Abdullah, Saudah Ahmad, Norria Zakaria, Iskandar Adon, Armanurah Mohamad & Donny Abdul Latief Poespowidjojo. (2017). Asas Keusahawanan: Ke Arah Pengukuhan Minda dan Kemahiran Keusahawanan. UUM Press.
Muhamamd Zulhafizi Mohd Yusof & Zurinah Tahir. (2021). Faktor kejayaan usahawan muda dalam perniagaan industri kecil dan sederhana (EKS) di Malaysia. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 5(1), 1-13.
Nadia Farhanah Hamzah & Norasmah Othman. (2020). Kemahiran keusahawanan dan kemahiran kendiri usahawan luar bandar. Jurnal Dunia Perniagaan, 2(4), 24-35.
Nadratun Nafisah Abdul Wahab. (2018). Faktor-Faktor Kejayaan Perusahaan Kecil dan Sederhana (PKS) Muslim: Amalan Agama Islam sebagai Penyederhana [Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Utara Malaysia].
Nor Hafizah & Hazianti. (2021). Kesan pengantaraan orientasi keusahawanan dalam hubungan di antara program pembangunan Perusahaan Kecil dan Sederhana (PKS) dengan kejayaan perniagaan usahawan di Perak. Management Research Journal, 10(1), 42-57.
Nor Ismadee Ismail. (2010). Amalan Asas Keusahawanan oleh Mekanik Bumiputera Luar Bandar di Sekitar Kulaijaya dan Benut, Pontian dalam Memajukan Perniagaannya [Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia].
Normaizura Marzuki, Solehuddin Zulkifli & Hairunnizam Wahid. (2019). Pengukuran kejayaan bantuan modal perniagaan usahawan asnaf dalam konteks pencapaian Maqasid Al-Shari'ah: Kajian di daerah Kuala Terengganu dan Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. Jurnal Syariah, 27(2), 201-232.
Nuh, R., Ibrahim, M. D., & Ab Rahman, A. A. (2019). The effect of financial and nonfinancial services on microentrepreneurs’ economic performance in Thailand: Moderating effect of bank monitoring. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Practices, 2(7), 54-60.
Nur Afifah Ahmad & Nurhawani Yaacob. (2021). Faktor kepada kejayaan usahawan wanita dalam perusahaan kecil dan sederhana di daerah Pasir Puteh, Kelantan. Jurnal Dunia Perniagaan, 3(3), 1-11.
Nur Shamshie Haryaty Mohamad Nudin, Ishak Haji Abd Rahman, Abdullah Sanusi Othman & Azmi Bin Aziz. (2022). Cabaran membudayakan keusahawanan dalam segenap lapisan masyarakat: Malaysia negara keusahawanan unggul 2030. International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business (IJAFB), 7(40), 56-68.
Nurul Nadiah Ahmad & Nurul Nazlia Jamil. (2020). Mengukur prestasi kewangan dan bukan kewangan bagi micro-enterprise di Pahang, Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 10(10), 706-717.
Nzumbi, N. E., & Misungwi, L. (2019). Challenges facing growth of small business: A case of ngongongare village in Arusha, Tanzania. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Sosial Sciences, 9(10), 67-82.
Prasannath, V., Adhikari, R. P., Gronum, S., & Miles, M. P. (2024). Impact of government support policies on entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 20, 1533-1595.
Rahim, M. S., Khalid, A. Z. A., Abdullah, S. H., Abdullah, S., Ahmad, S., Zakaria, N., & Poespowidjojo, D. A. L. (2017). Asas Keusahawanan: Ke Arah Pengukuhan Minda dan Kemahiran Keusahawanan. Penerbit Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Rehman, F. U., Al-Ghazali, B. M., & Farook, M. R. M. (2022). Interplay in circular economy innovation, business model innovation, SDG, and government incentives: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan, Malaysian and Chinese SMEs. Sustainability, 14(23), 15586.
Rodrigues, M., Franco, M., Silva, R., & Oliveira, C. (2021). Success factors of SMEs: Empirical study guided by dynamic capabilities and resources-based view. Sustainability, 13(21), 12301.
Rohailin Zainon, Mohammad Afdhaluddin Azahar & Nurulhayah Muhamad. (2019). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejayaan usahawan Bumiputera di Kuala Rompin, Pahang. Journal of Business Innovation, 4(2), 79-90.
Rosli, M. S. D. A., Adenan, F., Remly, M. R., Othman, R., & Ab Hamid, M. H. (2024). Meneroka peranan pengantara penggunaan e-dagang terhadap daya saing PKS Halal: Bukti empirikal di Malaysia. Al-Qanatir International Journal of Islamic Studies, 33(3), 89-108.
Sajiah Yakob. (2019). Kajian Hubungan Pengurusan Risiko, Literasi Kewangan dan Modal Insan dengan Prestasi Perusahaan Kecil dan Sederhana serta Kesan Orientasi Keusahawanan sebagai Pembolehubah Mediator [Master’s dissertation, Universiti Utara Malaysia].
Sauh, S. M., Ghani, M.H.A., Khairuddin, Z.N., & Asmaai, M. (2024). A review of rural MSMEs affirmative policy post‑2024 Bumiputera Economic Congress: Challenges and policy recommendations. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 32(1), 58-65.
Schneider, A., Santos, L. & Oliveira, P. (2023). Entrepreneurial competencies and firm performance in Brazilian MSMEs: The role of planning, networking, and persuasion. Journal of Small Business Studies, 15(2), 45-62.
Sharifah Sofiah Atiqah Syed Ibrahim, Rohana Yusoff & Tuan Pah Rokiah Syed Hussain. (2013). Perniagaan rentas sempadan: Faktor mendorong dan menolak penglibatan usahawan wanita di Pasar Besar, Padang Besar, Perlis Malaysia. https://core.ac.uk/download/ pdf/78485598.pdf
Simon, K. T. (2023). Advantages and disadvantages of google forms. https://www.profolus.com/topics/advantages-disadvantages-of-google-forms.
SME Corporation Malaysia. (2019). Tinjauan MSME 2019: MSME ke arah Pemulihan yang Mampan.
SME Corporation Malaysia. (2021). Prestasi dan Prospek Ekonomi: MSME ke arah Pemulihan yang Mampan.
SME Corporation Malaysia. (2023). Tinjauan MSME 2023: MSME ke arah Pemulihan yang Mampan.
Soomro, R. B., Memon, S. G., & Soomro, M. (2025). Impact of entrepreneurial knowledge, skills, and competencies on MSME performance: An evidence from a developing country. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 19(1), 42-72.
Suhaila Nadzri, Suhaily Md Shamsudin & Muhammad Firdaus Muhammad Sabri. (2014, May 26-27). Faktor-faktor penyumbang kepada kejayaan dan kegagalan Perusahaan Kecil dan Sederhana (PKS) Bumiputera di Malaysia. E-Proceedings of the Conference on Management and Muamalah (Comm 2014) (pp. 191-200).
Suraiya Ishak, Ahmad Raflis Che Omar, Azima Abdul Manaf & Nur Shafiqah Mohd Sabri. (2022). Modal intelektual dan prestasi perniagaan mikro dan kecil (PMK): Sebuah sorotan karya naratif. AKADEMIKA, 92(3), 159-174.
Syed Zamberi Ahmad. (2009). Keusahawanan: Teori, Proses dan Amalan. Leeds Publications.
Yahaya Ibrahim, Mohd Fauzi Mohd Jani, Sarmila Md. Sum & Zaimah Ramli. (2009). Keusahawanan dan Cabaran Perniagaan di Malaysia. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Yubidi, K. D., & Othman, N. (2022). Hubungan pendidikan keusahawanan dengan operasi perniagaan perusahaan kecil dan sederhana golongan belia di Ranau. Jurnal Dunia Perniagaan, 3(4), 17-30.
Zaimah Ramli, Sarmila Md Sum, Azima Abdul Manaf & Rosmiza Mohd Zainol. (2024). Keusahawanan dan Pemerkasaan Usahawan Tani Muda. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Zaleha Embong & Fairuz A’dilah Rusdi. (2021). Faktor pendorong dan kejayaan usahawan wanita di Kelantan. International Online Journal of Language, Communication, and Humanities 1(S),77-87.
Zin, M. L. M., & Ibrahim, H. (2020). The influence of entrepreneurial supports on business performance among rural entrepreneurs. Annals of Contemporary Developments in Management & HR, 2(1), 31-41.
Zuriyati Yaakub & Nurul Iiyana Muhd Adnan. (2018). Faktor-faktor kejayaan usahawan ikon Majlis Agama Islam Melaka (MAIM). Journal of Advanced Research in Social and Behavioural Sciences, 1(1), 82-93.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.