Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space
The Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space (GMJSS) is an international, multidisciplinary journal jointly published 4 times per year in February, May, August and November (since 2017) by UKM Press. The GMJSS was formerly known as Jurnal Ilmu Alam, a yearly publication, which was first published in May 1972 by the Department of Geography, UKM. GMJSS strive to continue the long and illustrious history and to emulate the excellent tradition of knowledge sharing and dissemination of the former journal, providing venue for sharing and discussion of problems and issues in the developing world. It considers theoretical and empirical articles that deal with the physical and human environments and developmental issues from geographical and interrelated disciplinary viewpoints. The journal welcomes contributions from geographers as well as other scholars from the humanities, social sciences and environmental sciences with a research interest in the developing world. Articles are published in Malay and English. The journal will only accept submissions send through online system. This is an open access journal. As such and in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access, all content of this journal is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. The jurnal is currently indexed in : Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) in Web of Science ERA Ranked Journal List MyCite MyJurnal ISSN: 2180-2491 e-ISSN: 2682-7727
Spatial-environmental context of carbon dioxide induced stress in Malaysian Mahseer (Tor tambroides) cultured in inland aquaculture systems
Elevated carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations in freshwater aquaculture systems represent an emerging environmental stressor, particularly in inland and highland settings where watershed confinement and limited gas exchange can influence water chemistry. This study examined the physiological stress responses of Malaysian mahseer (Tor tambroides), an indigenous and economically important freshwater species, under controlled CO₂ exposure. Juvenile fish were exposed to three CO₂ concentrations: control (400 ppm), moderate (600 ppm), and high (800 ppm) for 30 days in a flow-through experimental system conducted at a single inland aquaculture facility in Hulu Terengganu, Malaysia. Plasma cortisol and glucose levels were quantified as biomarkers of physiological stress. Fish exposed to moderate and high CO₂ concentrations exhibited significantly elevated cortisol and glucose levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05), indicating heightened physiological stress under chronic CO₂ enrichment. The findings are interpreted within the spatial–environmental context of inland highland aquaculture systems characterized by hydrological confinement and site-specific water exchange conditions. These results provide empirical evidence that local environmental setting can mediate physiological responses to CO₂ exposure, with implications for water quality management in inland freshwater aquaculture. Keywords: Aquaculture, carbon dioxide, inland freshwater, spatial environmental context, stress response
Copyright (c) 2026 Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space
Assessing land use and climate change impacts on agricultural watersheds in developing regions using SWAT for sustainable water management
Agricultural watershed modeling has been widely applied to assess hydrological and water quality responses to land use land cover change, climate change and best management practices (BMPs) in developing countries. This paper provided narrative-driven regional analyses with limited statistical integration for Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model performance, watershed characteristics and BMP effectiveness. By compiling 143 studies published between 2017-2025 using PRISMA research protocol and analyzing the data collection using PICO method, this study offers crucial insights for effective water resource management in agricultural water. Results indicate that medium-sized basins (10,001–100,000 km²) dominate SWAT applications, account for approximately 33% of all studies, significantly exceeding other basin size categories. This study reveals urbanization has significant effects on both water quantity and quality, the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.923) indicated a strong correlation of 92.3% between LULC and hydrological changes. Most of the studies reported satisfactory to very good results using SWAT, with the coefficient of determination (R²) and the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) more than 0.5 (R²>0.5, NSE>0.5). Furthermore, the review paper identifies BMP in series combining both structural BMPs and management BMPs for watershed protection and sustainable agricultural practise. This review is the first to provide a cross-climatic, synthesis of SWAT applications in developing countries, explicitly linking basin scale, climate regime, model reliability and BMP effectiveness. Future research should focus on data collection and calibration method for SWAT modelling, climate change projections and extreme event scenarios and long-term analysis by linking model outputs to sustainable agriculture planning. Keywords: Best management practice, climate change, hydrological analysis, land use land cover change, SWAT, water quality
Environmental footprints of greenhouse gas emissions during pre and post Intended Nationally Determined Contributions in Nigeria
Nigeria's significant role in regional and global climate dynamics underscores the importance of understanding its emission trends across key sectors. Despite the country’s commitment to climate action, uncertainties remain regarding the actual effectiveness of its mitigation efforts, particularly following the adoption of its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). Therefore, this study evaluates the effectiveness of Nigeria's climate policies by analyzing sectoral greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trends before (2011-2015) and after (2016-2020) the implementation of its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). National-level emissions data sourced from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), sector-specific emissions were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-tests to assess changes pre- and post-INDCs. Results indicate varied sectoral responses: while emissions from the buildings sector decreased post-INDCs, reflecting potential policy impacts on energy efficiency, the transport sector exhibited fluctuating patterns. Statistical analyses revealed significant emission reductions in the buildings and power industry sectors post-INDCs, highlighting policy effectiveness in these areas. However, other sectors showed stable emissions, indicating persistent challenges in achieving comprehensive reductions. These findings underscore the necessity for tailored climate policies addressing sector-specific dynamics to enhance Nigeria's contributions to global climate goals under the Paris Agreement. It is advocated that continuous monitoring and evaluation of sectoral emissions are essential for informing targeted policy interventions and sustainable development strategies. Keywords: Environmental footprints, greenhouse gas emissions, Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, Nigeria
Geospatial modelling approach of water surface area fluctuations and sustainable strategies of Lake Chad Central Africa
Most of the Lake Chad areas have been affected by climatic and environmental changes. This has been worsened by land cover variations, thereby increasing the rate of their shrinkage. The Chad basin had supported business, economics and bourgeoning monetary task for around 30 million people in the area and it has shrunk to more than 20% of its original size and have devastated local economies, destroying livelihoods in farming, fishing and herding, leading to widespread poverty, food insecurity and displacement, as mentioned earlier millions of people depends on its resources. This research aims to model and investigate the effect of environmental variables which is very important that influences the surface and ground water, the variable include geological features of water surface area fluctuations using geospatial modelling approach in Lake Chad, Central Africa. In this study therefore, numerous software bundles were used at various processing stages. These include IDRISI selva, ENVI 5.1 and ESRI ArcGIS. Accordingly, ESRI ArcGIS, ENVI and IDRISI software were utilized for production of suitability maps/modelling, image classification and accuracy assessment, image correction and assessment of the outcomes. Meanwhile, ArcGIS also was utilized for geographic database, map production and presentation, on the other hand IDRISI software was used for CA-Markov chain analysis and modelling as well as forecasting of water surface area fluctuations. The changes to Lake Chad were analysed between the years 1985, 2000 and 2015 which uncovered a rapid shrinkage of water level in the study area. The expected outcomes revealed that the main accuracies of image classification of Landsat-TM was 93.80, Landsat-ETM+ was 90.80 and Landsat-OLI was 86.20 respectively. Furthermore, different information from different data sources with regards to geological variables of the study area were considered so as in having an updated map and the map layers were obtained to revealed diverse levels of geographical features details at various scales to facilitate uses of the map. Th Cellular Automata model was used to predict the year 2030 land change of the area using some designed constraints populations and geological features. Therefore, on validation, the overall model accuracies of 99.15% was achieved. Moreover, to analyse the gains and lost, land cover conversion results were also analysed within the year 2015-2030 and was attained by the aid of cross-tabulation analysis; with barren land having net loss of 695.57km2 (6.69%), farmland has net gained of 586.63km2 (1.1%), gallery forest has net gained of 365.71km2 (3.61%), shrub has net loss of 146.41km2 (2.6%) and water body has net loss of 110.36km2 (3.93%). These findings highlight the urgent need for sustainable water resource management, as Lake Chad’s decline threatens ecosystems, agriculture and water supply for surrounding communities. This study provides a geospatial framework for monitoring lake dynamics and informing policy interventions. Keywords: Geospatial modelling, sustainable strategies, water surface fluctuations
Assessing urban land use change and MRT impact: A case study of Cheras, Kuala Lumpur
Understanding the spatial variability in the relationship between land use patterns and the impact of MRT infrastructure is essential for selecting effective strategies to manage and sustain urban development. Urbanization significantly influences land use configurations and environmental sustainability. This study applies Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to examine urban land use changes within Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, emphasizing spatial variation in the factors driving these changes. By utilizing spatially explicit datasets and GWR modelling, the research identifies localized determinants of land use dynamics and explores their implications for environmentally sustainable urban planning. The analysis was conducted using GWR 4.0 software, while ArcGIS 10.8 was employed for spatial mapping and further analysis. GWR, a local statistical technique, is capable of capturing the spatial variation of non-stationary variables and their corresponding regression coefficients, thereby modelling spatially differentiated relationships. The model’s performance was assessed using various goodness-of-fit indicators. The corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) improved significantly, decreasing from 1990.12 to -1602.32, while the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) rose from 2006.89 to 6036.47. Furthermore, the R-squared value increased from 0.01 to 0.86 and the adjusted R-squared rose from 0.009 to 1.22. These improvements indicate that GWR provides a superior local fit compared to global models. The analysis of local parameter estimates revealed that proximity to MRT stations significantly influences land use changes in the study area. These findings highlight the necessity for localized and spatially sensitive planning approaches to effectively address the diverse challenges of urbanization and to foster sustainable urban growth. Keywords: Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR), land use change, land use patterns, Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), urban, urban planning
An analysis of the improvement requirements for school-based formative assessment modules in Geography subjects
The educational transformation initiated in 2010 emphasizes holistic student assessment covering cognitive (intellectual), affective (emotional and spiritual) and psychomotor (physical) aspects in line with the National Philosophy of Education. School-based assessment (SBA) is not a new concept but rather an improvement to the existing National Education Assessment System (NEAS), with a greater focus on non-examination aspects. Through this system, academic assessments of students are continuously conducted using both formative and summative concepts, referring to standard reference assessment models. This study aims to assess the need to develop the illuminative model formative assessment module (PERFORM-i) for the topic of population and settlements in Malaysia in Form 1 geography. PERFORM-i is a formative assessment module focusing on task-based assessment, assessment in learning and assessment for learning. The study is conducted in three phases. The first phase involves building the assessment module based on mastery learning theory. The second phase involves developing assessment activities for the population and settlements topic in Form 1 geography. The third phase involves a survey to assess experts' views on the need for the PERFORM-i module in teaching and learning in the classroom. The results of this needs assessment are crucial to ensure that the development and evaluation of the PERFORM-i module positively impact implementation of SBA. Keywords: Assessment module, classroom, formative, illuminative module, school-based assessment, teaching geography
Spatial analysis of gender-based high risks of school dropout: A comparative study of urban and rural areas in Sarawak, Malaysia
This study examines gender-based school dropout patterns in Sarawak, Malaysia through spatial analysis, comparing urban and rural regions. Using Getis-Ord Gi* hotspot analysis, statistically significant clusters of high dropout risk for boys and girls are identified. The results reveal distinct spatial disparities: female dropout hotspots are concentrated in specific rural districts, whereas male high-risk clusters emerge primarily in urban neighborhoods. These gender-specific geographic patterns suggest differing socio-economic and cultural drivers of dropout. These findings have important implications for educational policy, highlighting the need for targeted interventions that account for both gender and locality. By mapping dropout risk, the study provides new evidence to inform policies and resource allocation aimed at reducing gender disparities in school retention. The methodology can be applied in other contexts, offering a tool for international education planners to address local dropout challenges. Keywords: Gender, school dropout, spatial statistics
Demographic factors of social vulnerability in slope failure: Case studies of Langat Basin, Malaysia
Slope failures pose a significant threat to communities within the Langat Basin, Malaysia, where rapid urbanization and environmental degradation have heightened the risk of disaster. This study investigates how demographic factors, specifically age, income levels and resource accessibility, influence social vulnerability to slope failures. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), demographic indicators were integrated with historical landslide records and one one-kilometre buffer analysis was conducted to assess the exposure of important facilities to hazards and critical services. The results reveal that elderly populations, low-income households and communities with limited access to healthcare and educational facilities are disproportionately concentrated in high-risk zones, particularly in Hulu Langat and Seremban. These findings underscore the need for targeted disaster risk reduction strategies, including improved infrastructure, enhanced education and awareness programs and community-based resilience initiatives. By emphasizing the role of demographic vulnerability and spatial risk assessment, this study offers valuable insights for building adaptive capacity and promoting safer, more resilient communities in slope failure-prone regions. Keywords: Demographic factors, disaster management, GIS, slope failure, social vulnerability
Digital land registration and legal certainty: Evidence from Indonesia’s e-government reforms
Land registration services are undergoing significant development with the introduction of e-government. However, no quantitative research has been conducted to measure legal certainty in the land registration process in Indonesia. This study aims to identify the relationship between the development of the land registration system and the level of legal certainty of land titles in Indonesia. This quantitative study, conducted across several high case cities, analyzed inkracht land case decisions from 2002 – 2020 using probit and simple linear regression models. The analysis revealed that newer land titles have higher court win rates and faster dispute resolution. Furthermore, it demonstrated a positive correlation between e-government implementation (supported by accurate spatial data) and improvements in the quantity, quality and legal certainty of land registration services. The government needs to strengthen regulations that support the digitalization of land registration services. Keywords: Development, e-government, Indonesia, land registration, land title, legal certainty
Effectiveness of risk analysis and civil–military cooperation in enhancing disaster preparedness in Kelantan-mediating role of communication
Disaster preparedness is increasingly becoming a collaborative effort among multiple stakeholders in Malaysia's disaster management system. Nonetheless, states that are vulnerable to flooding, especially Kelantan, which annually experiences extreme monsoon floods, indicates a need for better preparedness measures. Collaboration has been emphasized; however, there remains a lack of empirical research modeling communication as a mediator within this area of study. Specifically, this study examined how disaster risk assessment and civil–military collaboration can improve disaster preparedness; communication was modeled as a mediator. Underpinning the Crunch Theory, the study posits that successful disaster management requires interdependent efforts involving local knowledge, community networks and military capabilities as opposed to reliance upon agency institutions alone. A quantitative methodological approach utilizing a questionnaire survey of 412 participants representing both military personnel and community members in flood-prone areas of Kelantan were used. Military ranks and community districts represented were randomly sampled to provide representative data across both strata. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS version 29.0 and structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS version 4.1 were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that risk analysis, civil–military cooperation and communication significantly predict disaster preparedness (p < 0.001), collectively explaining 41% of the variance (R2 = 0.41). Furthermore, communication functions as a significant mediator, strengthening the influence of both risk analysis and civil–military cooperation on preparedness outcomes. Situational awareness and local knowledge contributed by the community and logistical support, technical expertise and leadership provided by the military are supported by communication that facilitates coordination of these resources. The findings of this study have important policy implications. It fills an identified gap in disaster preparedness research by modeling communication as a mediator and provides additional insights into disaster preparedness from the context of floods in Malaysia. Additionally, the findings of this study can be useful to policymakers at various levels including those of the National Disaster Management Agency (NADMA), the Malaysian Armed Forces and local authorities in developing strategies to strengthen civil-military collaboration, including integrated command structures and community-based early warning systems to develop more resilient communities. Keywords: Civil–military cooperation, communication, disaster preparedness, Malaysia, risk analysis, structural equation modelling
Unlocking Langkawi's tourism potential: Spatial analysis of attractions and facilities
In Langkawi, tourism development has concentrated unevenly, resulting in spatial imbalances and infrastructure strain in major hubs like Kuah and Pantai Cenang. This study analyzes spatial patterns of tourism facilities to inform sustainable and equitable development. 244 points of interest (POIs) were compiled from brochures and websites and validated using GPS surveys, then categorized into Attractions (45), Accommodations (85), Shopping & Dining (55), and Facilities (59). Spatial analyses including Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN), Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and Moran’s I were applied. The results reveal significant clustering of combined facilities (ANN = 0.43, p < 0.001), with high densities in Kuah and Pantai Cenang. In contrast, attractions show modest clustering (NNI ≈ 0.83, p ≈ 0.031) and slight dispersion (Moran’s I = –0.31, p ≈ 0.047). These patterns highlight concentration of tourism infrastructure in coastal hubs and relative paucity in the island’s interior. The findings underscore the need for infrastructure dispersal and risk mitigation strategies to avoid overdevelopment and ecological degradation. By applying spatial analytics to Langkawi’s tourism landscape, this work fills a scholarly gap and provides guidance for sustainable spatial planning in a vulnerable island context. Keywords: Langkawi Island, spatial analyst, spatial statistics
Pembangunan komuniti melalui kelestarian Pelancongan Berasaskan Komuniti (CBT) di Pulau Tioman, Pahang (Community development through the sustainability of Community Based Tourism on Tioman Island)
Konsep Pelancongan Berasaskan Komuniti ((Community Based Tourism) (CBT)) yang berorientasikan komuniti diketahui umum dapat membantu meningkatkan ekonomi negara serta memberi manfaat dari segi ekonomi, sosial dan alam sekitar kepada komuniti setempat. Walaupun begitu, kejayaan konsep pelancongan CBT ini dari aspek pembangunan serta kelestariannya masih menjadi isu dan cabaran di kebanyakan negara khususnya Malaysia. Sehubungan itu kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti tahap penglibatan komuniti dalam pembangunan Pelancongan Berasaskan Komuniti (CBT) di Pulau Tioman, Pahang. Reka bentuk kajian adalah kuantitatif dengan teknik kajian tinjauan menggunakan instrumen kajian borang soal selidik. Seramai 90 orang responden telah terlibat dalam kajian ini dengan menggunakan teknik persampelan kebarangkalian kelompok/kluster. Data terkumpul diproses dengan menggunakan Program SPSS 29.0 dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil kajian mendapati tahap penglibatan komuniti dalam pembangunan CBT di Pulau Tioman berdasarkan kepada Teori Tangga Penglibatan Arnstein (1969) adalah berada pada tahap yang tinggi iaitu pada tangga ke lapan (8) Citizen Control (Kuasa Rakyat) di peringkat penglibatan Degrees of Citizen Power (Peringkat Penglibatan Sebenar). Implikasi daripada kajian menunjukkan bahawa elemen pembangunan komuniti penglibatan komuniti memainkan peranan dalam memastikan pembangunan berterusan dan kelestarian konsep Pelancongan Berasaskan Komuniti (CBT) ini. Kajian ini dilihat berpotensi dalam menyumbang kepada penambahbaikan dasar pelancongan sedia ada dan pembentukan kepada polisi-polisi pelancongan serta berpotensi menjadi rujukan dalam merangka Tourism Master Plan peringkat negeri dan kebangsaan, yang akan datang untuk menyokong perkembangan dan pembangunan pelancongan CBT di Malaysia serta menjamin kelestarian dan kemampanannya dalam jangka masa yang panjang. Selain itu, penemuan kajian menyokong pelaksanaan agenda nasional seperti Malaysia Madani dan Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDG 8 dan SDG 11) dengan menekankan kesejahteraan komuniti, pembangunan ekonomi setempat dan pemuliharaan alam sekitar. Oleh itu, kajian ini memberikan sumbangan yang signifikan terhadap pengembangan ilmu dalam bidang pelancongan komuniti secara empirikal mengenai tahap penglibatan komuniti terhadap kelestarian pelancongan komuniti. Kata kunci: Kelestarian, komuniti, pelancongan, pelancongan berasaskan komuniti, penglibatan The concept of Community Based Tourism (CBT) is known to contribute to the improvement of the national economy as well as to provide economic, social and environmental benefits to the local community. However, the success of the CBT concept, particularly in terms of development and sustainability, remains a challenge and issue in many countries, including Malaysia. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying the level of the level of community involvement in Community Based Tourism (CBT) development, with the scope of this study being on Tioman Island, Pahang. The research design is quantitative, using a survey technique with a questionnaire as the research instrument. A total of 90 respondents were involved in this study using a cluster sampling technique. The collected data were processed using the SPSS 29.0 software and analyzed through descriptive statistical analysis. The findings revealed that the level of community involvement in CBT development on Tioman Island based on Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation Theory (1969), is at a high level, specifically at step eight – Citizen Control, which represents the Degrees of Citizen Power. The implications of the study suggest that the community development elements, specifically community involvement play a crucial role in ensuring the continuous development and sustainability of the CBT. This study is seen as having the potential to contribute to the improvement of existing tourism policies and the formation of tourism policies as well as being a reference in drafting the upcoming Tourism Master Plan at the state and national levels to support the development and growth of CBT tourism in Malaysia and ensure its sustainability and sustainability in the long term. In addition, the findings of the study support the implementation of national agendas such as Malaysia Madani and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 8 and SDG 11) by emphasizing community well-being, local economic development and environmental conservation. Therefore, this study makes a significant contribution to the development of knowledge in the field of community tourism empirically on the level of community involvement on the sustainability of community tourism. Keywords: Sustainability, community, tourism, community based tourism, involvement
Hubungan komunikasi keselamatan dengan produktiviti keselamatan dan risiko kemalangan dalam komuniti kerja di tapak pembinaan Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) (Relationship between safety communication, safety productivity, and accident risk among work communities at Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) construction sites)
Industri pembinaan Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) dilihat mendepani cabaran dalam konteks komunikasi keselamatan antara penyelia tempatan dan pekerja asing di Malaysia. Cabaran ini mempengaruhi produktiviti keselamatan dan meningkatkan risiko kemalangan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh halangan komunikasi keselamatan terhadap produktiviti keselamatan dan risiko kemalangan di tapak pembinaan MRT. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan melalui borang soal selidik yang diedarkan kepada 188 penyelia tempatan dan 112 pekerja asing warga Bangladesh di tapak pembinaan MRT. Persampelan rawak mudah digunakan dalam kajian ini dengan memilih Lokasi laluan Sungai Buloh-Serdang-Putrajaya (SSP). Borang soal selidik mengandungi konstruk jenis komunikasi, halangan komunikasi, komponen komunikasi (persepsi, pengetahuan, pengalaman, sikap dan emosi) dan produktiviti keselamatan serta risiko kemalangan. Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen telah diuji sebelum digunakan di lapangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Pearson. Analisis korelasi mendapati hubungan signifikan dan sederhana antara halangan komunikasi dengan jenis komunikasi (r = 0.631, p < 0.05), produktiviti keselamatan dengan jenis komunikasi (r = 0.517, p < 0.05), komponen komunikasi dengan halangan komunikasi (r = 0.507, p < 0.05), dan produktiviti keselamatan dengan halangan komunikasi (r = 0.507, p < 0.05). Hubungan signifikan tetapi lemah antara komponen komunikasi dengan jenis komunikasi (r = 0.316, p < 0.05) dan produktiviti keselamatan dengan komponen komunikasi (r = 0.376, p < 0.05). Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman hubungan komunikasi keselamatan dalam konteks industri pembinaan yang melibatkan sumber tenaga kerja dalam kepelbagaian budaya. Kata kunci: Komunikasi keselamatan, Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), pekerja asing, produktiviti keselamatan, risiko kemalangan The Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) construction industry faces challenges in safety communication between local supervisors and foreign workers in Malaysia. These challenges affect safety productivity and increase accident risks. This study aims to examine the influence of safety communication barriers on safety productivity and accident risks at MRT construction sites. This quantitative study employed a survey method through questionnaires distributed to 188 local supervisors and 112 Bangladeshi foreign workers at MRT construction sites. Simple random sampling was used by selecting the Sungai Buloh-Serdang-Putrajaya (SSP) line location. The questionnaire contained constructs of communication types, communication barriers, communication components (perception, knowledge, experience, attitude and emotion), safety productivity and accident risks. The validity and reliability of the instrument were tested before field implementation. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation. Correlation analysis revealed significant and moderate relationships between communication barriers and communication types (r = 0.631, p < 0.05), safety productivity and communication types (r = 0.517, p < 0.05), communication components and communication barriers (r = 0.507, p < 0.05) and safety productivity and communication barriers (r = 0.507, p < 0.05). Significant but weak relationships were found between communication components and communication types (r = 0.316, p < 0.05) and safety productivity and communication components (r = 0.376, p < 0.05). This study contributes to understanding safety communication relationships in the construction industry context involving labor resources within cultural diversity. Keywords: Safety communication, Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), foreign workers, safety productivity, accident risks
Keperluan pendigitalan dalam Pengurusan Dokumen Digital (DDMS): Kajian strategi pelaksanaan di Wilayah Selatan Malaysia (The need for digitalisation in Digital Document Management Systems (DDMS): A study on implementation strategies in the Southern Region of Malaysia)
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti keperluan terhadap pendigitalan dalam Sistem Pengurusan Dokumen Digital (DDMS) serta strategi pelaksanaannya dalam organisasi berkaitan kerajaan (GLC) di Johor, Malaysia. Walaupun pelbagai kajian terdahulu membincangkan pelaksanaan DDMS dalam sektor awam dan swasta, kajian ini mengisi jurang pengetahuan dengan memberi tumpuan khusus kepada GLC yang beroperasi dalam konteks hibrid antara keperluan pematuhan dan tekanan daya saing korporat. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan melalui edaran soal selidik kepada 105 responden yang dipilih secara persampelan bertujuan daripada pelbagai jabatan berkaitan pelaksanaan DDMS. Analisis inferensi (ujian-t dan ANOVA) turut dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti perbezaan persepsi berdasarkan jantina, umur, tempoh berkhidmat, jawatan dan jabatan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa faktor pematuhan kawal selia merupakan pemacu utama keperluan pendigitalan, diikuti oleh kemajuan teknologi, pengurusan pengetahuan, serta kecekapan operasi. Lima strategi pelaksanaan utama dikenal pasti, iaitu perancangan dan penjajaran strategik, reka bentuk sistem mesra pengguna, penambahbaikan berterusan, keselamatan data, dan pengurusan perubahan. Kajian ini menyumbang secara empirikal terhadap literatur tempatan dengan menekankan peranan faktor organisasi dan budaya kerja dalam kejayaan sistem digital serta memberikan panduan strategik kepada GLC lain bagi memperkukuh pelaksanaan DDMS secara berstruktur dan lestari. Kata kunci: DDMS, GLC, keperluan teknologi, pendigitalan, pematuhan kawal selia, Pengurusan Dokumen Digital, persampelan bertujuan, strategi pelaksanaan This study aims to examine the need for digitalization in the Digital Document Management System (DDMS) and its implementation strategies within government-linked companies (GLCs) in Johor, Malaysia. While previous studies have discussed DDMS implementation in public and private sectors, this research fills a gap by focusing on GLCs operating in a hybrid context between regulatory compliance and corporate competitiveness. A quantitative approach was employed through a purposive sampling survey involving 105 respondents from departments directly engaged with DDMS operations. Inferential analyses (t-test and ANOVA) were conducted to identify differences in perceptions across gender, age, tenure, position and department. Findings indicate that regulatory compliance is the main driver of digitalization needs, followed by technological advancement, knowledge management and operational efficiency. Five key implementation strategies were identified: strategic planning and alignment, user-friendly system design, continuous improvement, data security and compliance and change management. This study contributes empirically to local literature by emphasizing the role of organizational and cultural factors in digital system success and provides strategic guidance for other GLCs to strengthen DDMS implementation in a structured and sustainable manner. Keywords: DDMS, GLC, technological needs, digitalisation, regulatory compliance, Digital Document Management, purposive sampling, implementation strategy
Tahap penggunaan dan kesediaan penggunaan teknologi digital dalam kalangan usahawan asnaf di Malaysia (Assessing the level of digital technology use and readiness among asnaf entrepreneurs in Malaysia)
Ledakan teknologi digital kini telah menjadikan keupayaan menggunakan teknologi digital dalam mengurus proses perniagaan dan pemasaran sebagai sesuatu yang penting untuk pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan perniagaan usahawan asnaf. Justeru usahawan asnaf perlu memiliki kesediaan menggunakan teknologi digital dalam operasi perniagaan yang semakin kompetitif dan dinamik. Objektif artikel ini adalah untuk menghurai tahap penggunaan teknologi digital dan tahap kesediaan penggunaan teknologi digital untuk mengurus perniagaan dalam kalangan usahawan asnaf berdasarkan kerangka Model Penerimaan Teknologi (TAM). Kajian menggunakan kaedah pengumpulan data jenis survei di mana soal selidik telah diedarkan kepada usahawan asnaf dalam kategori fakir dan miskin yang telah menerima bantuan modal perniagaan daripada Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Sembilan (MAINS) menerusi program keusahawanan asnaf. Analisis statistik deskriptif dan Ujian ANOVA Satu-Hala telah diaplikasi bagi menganalisis data kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati tahap penggunaan teknologi digital adalah pada tahap sederhana dan tahap kesediaan penggunan teknologi digital pada tahap yang tinggi. Keputusan ANOVA Satu-Hala menunjukkan kesediaan kemahiran dan kesediaan pemikiran mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan tahap penggunaan teknologi digital. Implikasinya adalah latihan bagi meningkatkan kompetensi penggunaan teknologi digital kepada usahawan asnaf adalah perlu supaya teknologi terkini dapat dimanafaatkan bagi perkembangan dan kelangsungan perniagaan mereka. Penemuan ini menyumbang kepada Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDG) yang pertama iaitu membasmi kemiskinan melalui pengoptimuman sumber zakat dalam bentuk agihan produktif dan teknologi terkini. Kata kunci: Asnaf, kecerdasan buatan (AI), Model Penerimaan Teknologi (TAM), teknologi digital, usahawan, zakat The rapid development of digital technology has made the ability to utilize digital tools in managing business and marketing processes increasingly critical for the growth and survival of asnaf entrepreneurs. Therefore, asnaf entrepreneurs must develop the readiness to adopt digital technology in their increasingly competitive and dynamic business operations. This study aims to explore the level of digital technology adoption and the readiness to use such technologies among asnaf entrepreneurs, guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework. This study employed a survey-based data collection method, whereby questionnaires were distributed to asnaf entrepreneurs classified under the poor and needy categories who had received business capital assistance from the Negeri Sembilan Islamic Religious Council (MAINS) through the Asnaf Entrepreneurship Programme. Descriptive statistical analysis and One-Way ANOVA were utilized to analyze the collected data. The findings indicate that both the usage of digital technology and the readiness to adopt it are at moderate levels. ANOVA analysis reveals that both skills readiness and cognitive readiness are significantly related to the level of digital technology usage. These results highlight the need for targeted training programs to enhance the digital competencies of asnaf entrepreneurs. Strengthening these capabilities will enable them to better leverage digital tools for business sustainability and expansion. The study also supports the first goal of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of poverty elimination through optimization of zakat resources in the form of productive distribution and recent technology. Keywords: Asnaf, artificial intelligence (AI), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), digital technology, entrepreneur, zakat
Integrasi GIS dan AHP dalam penilaian kesesuaian tapak perkuburan Islam (The integration of GIS and AHP in the evaluation of Islamic cemetery site suitability)
Kekurangan tanah perkuburan merupakan isu utama di kawasan berpenduduk padat dan menuntut penyelesaian perancangan yang sistematik. Pemilihan tapak perkuburan baharu adalah proses yang kompleks kerana perlu mematuhi garis panduan perancangan yang telah ditetapkan. Walaupun beberapa kajian antarabangsa telah dijalankan, kebanyakan daripadanya tidak merujuk kepada garis panduan rasmi, manakala kajian di Asia masih terhad dalam aspek penentuan lokasi perkuburan baharu. Kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti kawasan perkuburan baharu di Hulu Langat berpandukan Garis Panduan Perancangan Tempat Perkuburan Islam 2023. Sepuluh kriteria digunakan iaitu jarak dari kediaman, jarak dari punca air, jarak dari saliran, jenis tanah, kecerunan, ketinggian, serta bebas dari kawasan berisiko banjir, tanah runtuh, hakisan dan kawasan lombong. Kaedah proses hierarki analisis digunakan untuk mendapatkan pemberat bagi setiap kriteria, manakala pemprosesan dan hasil peta kesesuaian dilaksanakan dalam persekitaran GIS. Hasil analisis menunjukkan keluasan kawasan yang dikategorikan sebagai paling sesuai ialah 39.81 km2, sesuai (28.05 km2), kurang sesuai (290.33 km2) dan tidak sesuai (0.81 km2). Dengan ketepatan pemetaan kawasan berkategori paling sesuai, berpotensi menampung sehingga 4.5 juta jenazah, dengan ketepatan pemetaan kesesuaian sebanyak 93%. Kajian ini membuktikan bahawa integrasi AHP dan GIS yang merujuk garis panduan rasmi dapat meningkatkan ketepatan dan kebolehpercayaan dalam pemilihan tapak perkuburan. Walau bagaimanapun, penyelidikan lanjutan secara kuantitatif yang mengambil kira faktor komposisi kaum masih diperlukan. Pendekatan ini wajar diaplikasikan secara proaktif oleh pihak berkepentingan bagi menyokong perancangan guna tanah yang lebih sesuai, dengan memastikan kawasan perkuburan baharu ditempatkan di lokasi yang selamat daripada risiko banjir, tidak menjejaskan kawasan penempatan sedia ada serta mampu memenuhi keperluan jangka panjang komuniti secara seimbang dan lestari. Kata kunci: Garis panduan, GIS, Hulu Langat, JPBD, Proses hierarki analisis (AHP), tapak perkuburan The shortage of burial grounds has emerged as a critical issue in densely populated areas, necessitating systematic planning solutions. The selection of new cemetery sites is a complex process, as it must comply with established planning guidelines. Although several international studies have been conducted, most do not explicitly refer to official guidelines, while research in Asia remains limited in addressing the spatial determination of new burial sites. This study was conducted to identify suitable areas for new cemeteries in Hulu Langat with reference to the Islamic Cemetery Planning Guidelines 2023. Ten criteria were applied, namely distance from residential areas, distance from water sources, distance from drainage networks, soil type, slope, elevation, and avoidance of areas prone to flooding, landslides, erosion and mining activities. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to derive weighting factors for each criterion, while spatial data processing and suitability mapping were performed within a GIS environment. The analysis revealed that the land area classified as most suitable covered 39.81 km², suitable (28.05 km²), less suitable (290.33 km²) and not suitable (0.81 km²). The mapping of the most suitable category, demonstrated the potential capacity to accommodate up to 4.5 million burials, with an overall suitability mapping accuracy of 93%. This study provides evidence that the integration of AHP and GIS, when aligned with official planning guidelines, enhances accuracy and reliability in cemetery site selection. Nevertheless, further quantitative research that incorporates demographic factors, particularly ethnic composition, is still required. This approach should be proactively applied by stakeholders to support more appropriate land use planning, by ensuring that new cemeteries are placed in locations that are safe from flood risk, do not affect existing settlements and are able to meet the long-term needs of the community in a balanced and sustainable manner. Keywords: Guidelines, GIS, Hulu Langat, JPBD, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Site cemetery
Penggunaan kecerdasan buatan Chatgpt dalam kalangan Guru Geografi di sekolah menengah (The use of ChatGPT artificial intelligence in assisting teachers to improve student performance in Geography subjects in secondary schools)
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tahap pengetahuan, kemahiran dan amalan terhadap penggunaan kecerdasan buatan ChatGPT dalam kalangan guru Geografi di Negeri Kedah. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk soal selidik telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 200 orang guru Geografi di seluruh Negeri Kedah dengan menggunakan teknik pensampelan rawak mudah. Analisis inferensi (korelasi Pearson, Ujian-t) digunakan untuk menjawab setiap persoalan kajian. Analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan kemahiran penggunaan kecerdasan buatan ChatGPT r(200)= .875, p<.01. Namun hubungan negatif yang tidak signifikan antara pengetahuan dan amalan penggunaan kecerdasan buatan ChatGPT r(200)= 0.090, p<.01. Bagi kemahiran dan amalan penggunaan kecerdasan buatan ChatGPT hubungan yang sangat lemah dengan nilai korelasi r(200)= -0.005, p<.01. Keputusan ujian-t menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi pengetahuan antara jantina guru lelaki dan perempuan iaitu nilai (t=-0.541 df=198 p>.05). Bagi tahap kemahiran menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi nilai antara jantina lelaki dan perempuan kerana mendapat nilai (t=-0.383 df=198, p>.05). Akhir sekali, analisis ujian-t bagi tahap amalan menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi nilai antara jantina lelaki dan perempuan kerana mendapat nilai t=0.754, df=198 p>.05). Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa guru Geografi mempunyai tahap pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang tinggi terhadap penggunaan kecerdasan buatan ChatGPT namun masih mempunyai tahap yang sederhana terhadap amalan penggunaan kecerdasan buatan ChatGPT dalam konteks pengajaran mata pelajaran Geografi. Oleh itu, kemunculan ChatGPT memberikan banyak manfaat dalam merealisasikan aspirasi negara maju dan moden. Kata kunci: Amalan, guru Geografi, kemahiran, pengetahuan, penggunaan kecerdasan buatan ChatGPT This study aims to analyze the level of knowledge, skills, and practices in using ChatGPT artificial intelligence among Geography teachers in Kedah. A quantitative approach with a questionnaire design was employed in this study. The study sample consisted of 200 Geography teachers across the state of Kedah, selected using a simple random sampling technique. Inferential analysis (Pearson correlation, t-tests) was used to answer each research question. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a significant positive relationship between knowledge and skills in using ChatGPT artificial intelligence, r(200)= .875, p<.01. However, there was an insignificant negative relationship between knowledge and practices in using ChatGPT artificial intelligence, r(200)= 0.090, p<.01. The relationship between skills and practices in using ChatGPT artificial intelligence was very weak, with a correlation value of r(200)= -0.005, p<.01. The t-test results showed that there was no significant difference in knowledge between male and female teachers, with a value of (t=-0.541 df=198 p>.05). For skill levels, there was no significant difference between male and female teachers, as indicated by the value (t=-0.383 df=198, p>.05). Finally, the t-test analysis for practice levels showed no significant difference between male and female teachers, with a value of t=0.754, df=198 p>.05). In conclusion, this study indicates that Geography teachers have a high level of knowledge and skills in using ChatGPT artificial intelligence, but still have a moderate level of practice in using ChatGPT in the context of teaching Geography. Therefore, the emergence of ChatGPT offers many benefits in realizing the aspirations of a progressive and modern nation. Keywords: Practice, Geography teachers, skills, knowledge, use of ChatGPT Artificial Intelligence
Peranan umur dan tempoh perkhidmatan dalam menyederhanakan kesan nilai-nilai kerja terhadap prestasi kerja pekerja (The role of employee age and job tenure in moderating the effect of work values on job performance)
Kajian ini mengkaji peranan demografi pekerja seperti umur dan tempoh perkhidmatan sebagai penyederhana dalam hubungan antara nilai-nilai kerja dan prestasi kerja. Nilai kerja merupakan faktor utama yang boleh menyumbang kepada prestasi kerja pekerja, namun ianya juga mungkin bergantung kepada beberapa faktor lain seperti umur dan tempoh perkhidmatan pekerja dalam pekerjaan tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan data daripada 239 pekerja di Malaysia. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis pelbagai kumpulan (multi-group analysis) melibatkan perisian AMOS dari pemodelan persamaan struktur (structural equation modeling). Keputusan menunjukkan kesan signifikan penyederhana bagi umur dan tempoh perkhidmatan pekerja dalam hubungan antara nilai kerja dan prestasi kerja. Dapatan ini membayangkan bahawa demografi pekerja adalah isu kritikal yang mempunyai implikasi penting dalam penrekrutan pekerja yang menyumbang kepada peningkatan prestasi pekerja di tempat kerja. Kajian ini boleh dijadikan rujukan dan panduan kepada pembuat dasar, pihak kerajaan dan swasta dalam pembangunan dasar dan amalan terbaik sumber manusia termasuk penyemakan semula dasar umur persaraan wajib pekerja dan metod baru penrekrutan pekerja yang lebih berasaskan nilai. Dengan menggunakan dapatan kajian ini, perancangan tenaga kerja dan strategi pembangunan organisasi dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pembangunan sumber manusia yang lebih lestari. Kata kunci: Demografi pekerja, nilai-nilai kerja, prestasi kerja, tempoh perkhidmatan, umur pekerja Although work values are widely acknowledged as a critical determinant of job performance, research has largely overlooked how demographic factors condition this relationship. Addressing this gap, the present study investigates the moderating role of age and job tenure in the work values and performance linkage. Drawing on survey data from 239 Malaysian employees, multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS was employed to test these effects. The findings demonstrate that both age and tenure significantly influence the strength of this relationship, underscoring the dynamic interplay between individual characteristics and organizational value alignment. Theoretically, this study advances the literature by integrating demographic moderators into value congruence models, offering a more nuanced understanding of performance determinants across career stages. Practically, the results provide actionable insights for human resource management and public policy, including strategies for value-based recruitment, retention and workforce planning. These findings also inform policy debates on revising mandatory retirement age and designing culturally sensitive training programs to foster value alignment among younger employees. By leveraging these insights, organizations and policymakers can enhance engagement, reduce turnover and promote sustainable workforce development. Keywords: Employee demographics, work value, job performance, job tenure, employee age
Penilaian potensi penuaian air hujan bagi kelestarian kampus: Kajian kes Kolej Keris Mas, UKM (Assessment of rainwater harvesting potential for campus sustainability: Case study of Kolej Keris Mas, UKM)
Sumber air alternatif merupakan amalan dan kaedah yang penting pada masa ini kesan daripada fenomena perubahan iklim yang tidak menentu dan sukar diramal. Permintaan air terawat oleh pengguna di universiti yang semakin meningkat telah menjadikan penuaian hujan sebagai sumber air alternatif yang penting untuk diperluas dalam memastikan bekalan air mencukupi dan mampan. Penghasilan air kelabu (greywater) yang meningkat di dalam kawasan universiti khususnya di kolej kediaman menjadi punca kepada permintaan sumber air terawat yang tinggi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tren hujan bulanan serta potensi pelaksanaan penuaian hujan di Kolej Keris Mas, UKM Bangi. Analisis tren purata hujan bulanan menggunakan Microsoft Excel manakala aplikasi ArcGIS Pro digunakan untuk menganalisis jenis dan keluasan permukaan bumbung serta penggunaan Kaedah Rasional Terubahsuai untuk menganggarkan potensi tuaian hujan di Kolej Keris Mas. Hasil kajian mendapati tren peningkatan purata hujan bulanan dengan nilai R2 sebanyak 0.230. Seterusnya, hasil kajian mendapati sebahagian besar bumbung di kawasan kajian adalah daripada jenis genting simen dengan keluasan 10,758 m2 berbanding jenis dek logam iaitu dengan keluasan 3,043 m2. Dengan itu, hasil kajian menunjukkan purata tuaian hujan per bulan sebanyak 1,983.60 m3 dengan anggaran tuaian hujan tertinggi direkodkan pada bulan November iaitu sebanyak 3,250.30 m3 manakala anggaran tuaian hujan terendah dicatatkan pada bulan Mei iaitu sebanyak 1,995.32 m3. Oleh itu, kajian potensi penuaian hujan di Kolej Keris Mas amat penting untuk dilaksanakan bagi mengurangkan kebergantungan terhadap sumber air terawat. Kata kunci: Kaedah Rasional Terubahsuai, kelestarian, perubahan iklim, potensi tuaian, sistem penuaian air hujan, universiti Alternative water sources are an essential practice and method nowadays due to unstable and unpredictable climate change. The increasing demand for treated water by university users has made rainwater harvesting an important alternative water source that must be expanded to ensure a sufficient and sustainable water supply. The rising production of greywater within the university area, particularly in residential colleges, contributes to the high demand for treated water sources. This study aims to assess the monthly rainfall trend and the implementation potential of rainwater harvesting at Kolej Keris Mas, UKM Bangi. The analysis of average monthly rainfall trend was conducted using Microsoft Excel, while ArcGIS Pro was applied to analyze the types and areas of roof surfaces. The Modified Rational Method was used to estimate the rainwater harvesting potential at Kolej Keris Mas. The findings indicate an increasing trend in average monthly rainfall, with an R² value of 0.230. Furthermore, the study found that most roof type in the study area are made of cement tiles, covering an area of 10,758 m², compared to metal deck roofs, which cover 3,043 m². As a result, the study shows an average monthly rainwater harvested of 1,983.60 m³, with the highest estimated harvest recorded in November at 3,250.30 m³, while the lowest was recorded in May at 1,995.32 m³. Therefore, the study on the potential of rainwater harvesting at Kolej Keris Mas is crucial in reducing dependence on treated water sources. Keywords: Modified Rational Method, sustainability, climate change, harvest potential, rainwater harvesting system, university
Pembinaan kerangka baharu bagi meningkatkan perlindungan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerja asing di asrama pekerja dalam menghadapi krisis kesihatan awam (Developing a framework to enhance safety and health protection for foreign workers in dormitories during public health crises)
Melalui pengalaman negara memerangi pandemik COVID-19 pada tahun 2020-2021, usaha mengawal krisis kesihatan awam ini bukan sahaja perlu dilakukan terhadap masyarakat Malaysia sahaja malah ianya perlu meliputi golongan pekerja asing di dalam negara. Penularan pandemik dalam kalangan pekerja asing adalah berskala besar dan membahayakan negara. Keadaan ini memerlukan perancangan, strategi dan kerangka baharu dalam menghadapi krisis kesihatan awam pasca pandemik. Masalah utama yang dikaji dalam kajian ini adalah garis panduan dan akta sedia ada tidak dapat menjelaskan isu menangani masalah keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerja asing apabila berlaku penularan wabak penyakit berjangkit berskala besar seperti pandemik. Terdapat 3 objektif dalam kajian ini iaitu mengenalpasti keperluan utama pekerja asing di asrama pekerja, menganalisis punca penyebaran COVID-19 dalam kalangan pekerja asing di asrama pekerja dan mencadangkan satu kerangka baharu untuk dijadikan panduan perlindungan keselamatan dan kesihatan di asrama pekerja asing ketika menghadapi krisis kesihatan awam. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kaedah kualitatif iaitu temu bual elit dan temu bual kumpulan fokus (FGD). Hasil kajian mendapati penularan pandemik boleh mengancam keselamatan, kesihatan dan kesejahteraan negara. Sehubungan itu, majikan dan kerajaan perlu menjalin kerjasama yang lebih erat dalam memperkukuh sistem pengurusan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerja asing di asrama. Hal ini bagi memastikan persekitaran tempat tinggal lebih selamat dan teratur serta memperkukuh kesiapsiagaan negara dalam menghadapi sebarang krisis kesihatan awam pada masa hadapan melalui mekanisme tindak balas yang lebih tersusun dan berkesan. Kata kunci: Asrama pekerja, kerangka baharu, krisis kesihatan awam, pekerja asing, perlindungan keselamatan dan kesihatan Through Malaysia's experience in combating the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020–2021, efforts to control this public health crisis were required not only for the local community but also for foreign workers residing in the country. Transmission of the pandemic among foreign workers occurred on a large scale, posing significant risks to national health. This situation highlighted the need for new planning, strategies and frameworks to address post-pandemic public health emergencies. The main problem examined in this study is that existing guidelines and legislation do not adequately address the safety and health needs of foreign workers during large-scale infectious disease outbreaks. This study has three objectives: (1) to identify the primary needs of foreign workers in dormitories, (2) to analyze the causes of COVID-19 transmission among foreign workers in dormitories and (3) to propose a new framework to guide safety and health protection in foreign worker dormitories during public health crises. A qualitative approach was employed using elite interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). The findings indicate that pandemic transmission can threaten the safety, health and welfare of the nation. Accordingly, employers and the government must establish closer cooperation to strengthen the management of safety and health systems for foreign workers in dormitories. Such collaboration aims to ensure a safer and more organized living environment while enhancing national preparedness for future public health emergencies through more structured and effective response mechanisms. Keywords: Worker dormitories, new framework, public health crisis, foreign workers, safety and health protection