THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE 16TH CENTURY [SISTEM PENDIDIKAN KERAJAAN ‘UTHMANIYYAH PADA ABAD KE-16M]
Abstract
Kerajaan cUthmāniyyah memberikan perhatian terhadap perkembangan intelektual dan pendidikan melalui pelbagai inisiatif. Institusi ilmiye menjadi sangat signifikan pada abad ke-16M. Ini kerana ia merupakan salah satu organisasi yang membantu melancarkan pentadbiran khususnya dalam aspek pendidikan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis transformasi sistem pendidikan Kerajaan ‘Uthmaniyyah sehingga abad ke-16M iaitu era yang dikenali sebagai zaman klasik. Selain itu, artikel ini mengenalpasti kelestarian antara institusi ilmiye dan sistem pendidikan kerajaan pada waktu itu. Selanjutnya, artikel ini bertujuan mengetengahkan pencapaian dan kesinambungan yang berlaku dalam sistem pendidikan Kerajaan ‘Uthmaniyyah dalam tempoh tersebut. Kajian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan mengaplikasi analisis dokumen. Penulisan ini mendapati bahawa kemuncak kegemilangan pemerintahan kerajaan Uthmāniyyah pada abad-16M tersebut turut melonjakan sistem pendidikan dan gerakan intelektualime pada satu tahap yang cemerlang hingga menyaksikan beberapa orang ulama terkenal muncul seperti Ebussuûd Efendi. Namun begitu pada separuh kedua abad ke-16M, berlaku kepincangan dalam birokrasi memberikan impak tidak sedikit terhadap kualiti sistem pendidikan Kerajaan ‘Uthmaniyyah yang cemerlang itu.
Kata kunci: Kerajaan ‘Uthmaniyyah, sistem pendidikan, institusi ilmiye, intelektualisme, Ebussuûd Efendi
The Ottoman Empire concentrated on the intellectual and educational development through various initiatives. Ilmiye institutions became very significant in the 16th century as one of the organizations that helped the administrative structure to run smoothly especially in the education aspect. This research is conducted by using a qualitative approach and applying a document analysis. This article aims to analyze the transformation of the education system in the Ottoman Empire until 16th century, the era known as the classical era. Besides, this study identifies the continuity between the ilmiye institutions and the education system of this empire. Furthermore, this article purposes to highlight the achievement and changes in the education system of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. This study finds that the glorious era of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century also brought its education system and intellectual movement to an excellent level, even a competent scholar named Ebussuûd Efendi emerged. However, in the second half of the 16th century, the malfeasance of bureaucratic system had an impact on the quality of the Ottoman Empire's education system.
Keyword: Ottoman Empire, education system, Ilmiye Institution, intellectualism, Ebussuûd Efendi
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