THE METHODOLOGY OF COMPARATIVE RELIGION STUDIES THROUGH TEXTUAL ANALYSIS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN IBN HAZM AND MAX MULLER [METODOLOGI KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN AGAMA SECARA TEKTUAL MENURUT IBN HAZM DAN MAX MULLER SATU PERBANDINGAN]

Nur Farhana Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Akmal Azim Mohamad Rais, Muhammad Isma Najmi Rosideen

Abstract


Abstrak

Kajian ini membandingkan metodologi perbandingan agama antara dua tokoh terkemuka, Ibn Hazm, seorang ulama Islam dari Andalusia abad ke-11, dan Max Muller, ahli falsafah serta orientalis Jerman dari abad ke-19. Latar belakang budaya dan agama yang berbeza mempengaruhi pendekatan kedua-dua tokoh ini dalam kajian agama. Ibn Hazm, yang berpegang kepada Mazhab Zahiri, menggunakan pendekatan literal dan apologetik, menekankan kajian kritikal terhadap teks-teks suci Yahudi dan Kristian untuk mempertahankan kebenaran Islam. Sebaliknya, Max Muller menggunakan pendekatan filologi dan linguistik, dengan fokus kepada analisis teks-teks suci agama Timur seperti Hindu dan Buddha, bertujuan untuk memahami evolusi agama secara saintifik dan objektif. Kajian ini juga meneliti proses pengumpulan dan analisis data kedua-dua tokoh. Ibn Hazm lebih cenderung untuk mencari percanggahan dalam teks-teks agama lain, manakala Muller menekankan kajian bahasa dan sejarah perkembangan agama. Meskipun metodologi mereka berbeza, terdapat persamaan dalam penggunaan teks agama sebagai sumber utama kajian. Artikel ini merumuskan bahawa matlamat akhir kajian Ibn Hazm adalah untuk memperkukuhkan kedudukan Islam dalam perdebatan agama, manakala Muller bertujuan untuk mewujudkan pemahaman universal terhadap agama melalui kajian rasional. Kedua-dua tokoh telah memberikan sumbangan penting kepada disiplin perbandingan agama, walaupun dengan pendekatan yang sangat berbeza.

Kata Kunci: Kajian Perbandingan Agama, Ibn Hazm, Max Muller, Kajian Tektual Agama


Abstract

This study compares the methodologies of comparative religion between two prominent figures, Ibn Hazm, an Islamic scholar from 11th century Andalusia, and Max Muller, a German philosopher and orientalist from the 19th century. The diverse cultural and religious backgrounds of these figures shaped their distinct approaches to religious studies. Ibn Hazm, a follower of the Zahiri school, employed a literal and apologetic approach, focusing on a critical examination of the sacred texts of Judaism and Christianity to defend the truth of Islam. In contrast, Max Muller utilized a philological and linguistic approach, analyzing the sacred texts of Eastern religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism, with the aim of understanding the evolution of religion from a scientific and objective perspective. This study also explores the data collection and analysis processes used by both scholars. Ibn Hazm was inclined to highlight contradictions in the texts of other religions, while Muller emphasized the study of language and the historical development of religious thought. Despite their methodological differences, both shared a reliance on religious texts as primary sources for their studies. The article concludes that Ibn Hazm’s ultimate goal was to strengthen the position of Islam in religious debates, whereas Muller aimed to establish a universal understanding of religion through rational inquiry. Both figures made significant contributions to the discipline of comparative religion, though with vastly different approaches.

Keywords: Comparative Religion Studies, Ibn Hazm, Max Muller, ReligiousTextual Analysis

 


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References


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