FRAMEWORK OF CLASSICAL AND MODERN ISLAMIC GOVERNANCE IN SUSTAINING THE GOVERNANCE AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UMMAH INSTITUTIONS IN MALAYSIA] KERANGKA TADBIR URUS ISLAM KLASIK DAN MODEN DALAM MELESTARIKAN TADBIR URUS DAN SOSIOEKONOMI INSTITUSI UMMAH DI MALAYSIA

Abstract

Abstrak

Tadbir urus Islam pada asasnya berpaksikan kepada prinsip al-Quran dan al-Sunnah yang menekankan keadilan, amanah, syura, dan integriti. Terdapat banyak pemikiran klasik seperti al-Mawardi dan Ibn Khaldun serta aplikasinya yang boleh memperkasakan institusi pembangunan ummah di Malaysia. Namun bertitik tolak daripada cabaran ketelusan, akauntabiliti, birokrasi dan ketidakcekapan dalam institusi agama seperti Majlis Agama Islam Negeri (MAIN) akan menjejaskan keberkesanan pengurusan zakat, wakaf dan baitulmal. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk merangka satu model tadbir urus Islam kontemporari yang bersepadu dengan pembangunan sosioekonomi. Kajian ini menggunakan metod kualitatif melalui analisis kandungan sumber primer dan sekunder serta sokongan kaedah perbincangan kumpulan berfokus. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa prinsip tadbir urus Islam seperti syura, amanah, integriti, keadilan dan maslahah mampu digabungkan dengan keperluan tadbir urus moden melalui kerangka Islamic Governant Contemporary (i-GC) yang menekankan elemen prinsip, struktur dan instrumen. MAIN ditentukan sebagai institusi teras bagi mengaplikasikan model ini kerana kedudukannya yang kukuh dari segi perundangan dan fungsinya yang holistik dalam pembangunan ummah. Implikasi kajian mendapati bahawa i-GC berpotensi memperkukuh legitimasi institusi agama, meningkatkan keberkesanan pembangunan sosioekonomi umat, serta menyumbang secara langsung kepada pengukuhan agenda Malaysia Madani melalui tadbir urus yang berintegriti, berdaya saing dan mampan.

Kata Kunci: Tadbir Urus, Islam, Lestari, Institusi Ummah, Majlis Agama Islam Negeri

Abstract

Islamic governance is fundamentally rooted in the principles of the Qur’an and al-Sunnah, which emphasise justice, trustworthiness, consultation (syura), and integrity. Classical intellectual traditions, particularly those of al-Mawardi and Ibn Khaldun, offer conceptual frameworks that can strengthen the role of ummah development institutions in Malaysia. However, persistent challenges related to transparency, accountability, bureaucracy, and administrative inefficiency within religious institutions such as the State Islamic Religious Councils (MAIN) continue to undermine the effective management of zakat, waqf, and baitulmal. The purpose of this study is to develop a contemporary Islamic governance model that is integrated with socio-economic development. This study employs a qualitative methodology through content analysis of primary and secondary sources, supported by focus group discussions. The findings reveal that Islamic governance principles such as syura, trustworthiness, integrity, justice, and maslahah can be harmonised with modern governance requirements through the proposed Islamic Governance Contemporary (i-GC) framework, which emphasises the elements of principles, structure, and instruments. MAIN is identified as the central institution for applying this model due to its strong legal foundation and its comprehensive functions in ummah development. The study’s implications indicate that the i-GC framework has the potential to enhance the legitimacy of religious institutions, improve the effectiveness of socio-economic development for the Muslim community, and directly contribute to strengthening the Malaysia Madani agenda through governance that is ethical, competitive, and sustainable.

Keywords: Governance, Islam, Sustainability, Ummah Institutions, State Islamic Religious Council.