[DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION STRATEGIES IN TRANSLATION OF MALAY CULTURE- SPECIFIC ITEMS INTO ARABIC: A STUDY OF LAT’S BUDAK KAMPUNG] STRATEGI DOMESTIKASI DAN FOREIGNISASI DALAM PENTERJEMAHAN UNSUR BUDAYA MELAYU KE BAHASA ARAB: SATU KAJIAN TERHADAP BUDAK KAMPUNG KARYA LAT
Abstract
Abstract
One of the most compelling challenges faced by Malay -Arabic literary translators lies in the rendering of culture-specific items (CSIs). This study investigates the application of domestication and foreignisation strategies which are pragmatic approaches that are still limited in the study of culturally based translation in Southeast Asian literary texts. Thus, it focuses on the comic text of Budak Kampung (1979) by Lat and Tiflu al-Qaryatt (2010), translated by the Arabic Language Unit, Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), published by the Malaysian Translation & Book Institute (ITBM). Through content analysis and frequency assessment methods, this study is theoretically grounded in Aixela’s (1996) cultural categories and Norhazlina’s (2015) framework for translation approach, which adapts modified Newmark’s (1988) procedures and framework of domestication and foreignisation translation strategies proposed by Venuti (1995) used to operationalise the approach. The data was obtained from both texts, and each identified cultural element was then mapped to its counterpart in the translated text, and this mapping produced pairs of cultural elements ready for analysis. This finding reveals that translators use arabicization, which falls under the foreignization strategy, in translating CSI into Arabic to introduce exotic textures, as well as generalization, which falls under the domestication strategy to provide understanding to the target text readers. This strategy reflects a careful balancing act that aims to reach a wide audience while maintaining cultural elements. Therefore, this study offers new insights that highlight the dynamic relationship between culture and language in literary translation, with a special focus on the Malay context.
Keywords: culture-specific items; Budak Kampung; domestication; foreignization; Malay-Arabic translation
Abstrak
Antara cabaran yang paling signifikan yang dihadapi oleh penterjemah sastera Melayu-Arab ialah menterjemah unsur budaya. Kajian ini meneliti strategi foreignisasi dan domestikasi yang merupakan pendekatan pragmatik yang masih amat terhad diaplikasikan dalam kajian terjemahan berunsur budaya dalam teks karya sastera Asia Tenggara. Justeru, kajian ini memilih teks komik Budak Kampung oleh Lat dan terjemahannya berbahasa Arab, Tiflu al-Qaryatt (2010), diterjemahkan oleh Unit Bahasa Arab, Akademi Pengajian Bahasa, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), terbitan Institut Terjemahan & Buku Malaysia (ITBM). Melalui kaedah analisis kandungan dan penilaian kekerapan, kajian ini memanfaatkan kategori budaya oleh Aixela (1996) serta kerangka pendekatan terjemahan oleh Norhazlina (2015) yang mengadaptasi prosedur Newmark (1988), berserta strategi domestikasi dan foreignisasi oleh Venuti (1995) sebagai asas kajian. Data kajian diperolehi daripada kedua-dua teks tersebut, dan setiap unsur budaya yang dikenal pasti kemudiannya dipetakan pada padanannya dalam teks terjemahan dan pemetaan ini menghasilkan pasangan unsur budaya yang sedia untuk dianalisis. Hasil analisis ini mendedahkan bahawa penterjemah menggunakan arabisasi yang terangkum di bawah strategi foreignisasi dalam penterjemahan unsur budaya bagi mengekalkan elemen eksotik serta generalisasi antara prosedur di bawah strategi domestikasi untuk memberi kefahaman kepada pembaca teks sasaran. Kajian ini membuktikan bahawa satu kompromi yang menggabungkan penggunaan pelbagai strategi merupakan cara yang terbaik untuk mengekalkan unsur budaya dalam teks asal tanpa meminggirkan pembaca teks terjemahan. Oleh itu, kajian ini menawarkan sudut pandang yang baru untuk menonjolkan hubungan dinamik antara budaya dan bahasa dalam terjemahan sastera, khususnya dalam konteks Melayu.
Kata kunci: unsur budaya; Budak Kampung; domestikasi; foreignisasi; terjemahan Melayu-Arab.
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