Masalah Alam Sekitar Berkaitan Perhutanan di Provinsi Riau, Indonesia
Abstract
ABSTRAK: Hutan yang merupakan sebahagian daripada persekitaran fizikal mempunyai banyak kegunaan sama ada dalam interaksinya dengan komponen-komponen fizikal yang lain seperti atmosfera, litosfera dan hidrosfera, ataupun manusia serta hidup-hidupan yang lain. Pada peringkat awal kewujudan manusia hutan serta hasilnya termasuk haiwan telah digunakan sebagai pembekal bahan makanan. Pertambahan populasi manusia dengan keperluan mereka yang lebih pelbagai terutamanya apabila mereka sudah tidak lagi berpindah-randah disertai dengan kemajuan teknologi telah menyebabkan hutan menjadi bukan hanya pembekal bahan makanan, tetapi juga pembekal bahan untuk binaan dan sebagainya. Perkara yang serupa berlaku pada hutan di Provinsi Riau di mana pada mulanya penerokaan hutan tidak seberapa, tetapi demi menampung keperluan hidup penduduk yang bertambah dan pelbagai bentuk pembangunan penyahhutanan telah berlaku dengan banyaknya. Pembalakan dan pembukaan kawasan hutan untuk tujuan perladangan dan pertanian serta banyak lagi aktiviti lain telah sama ada secara langsung ataupun secara tidak langsung menimbulkan masalah kepada kesemua komponen utama alam sekitar iaitu biosfera, litosfera, hidrosfera dan atmosfera. Sejak beberapa dekad yang lalu pelbagai masalah alam sekitar telah muncul terutamanya berkaitan dengan ancaman terhadap kepupusan biodiversiti, hakisan tanih, sumber air, pencemaran air sungai, banjir, kemarau, pencemaran udara dan kemungkinan perubahan iklim.
Kata kunci: penyahhutanan, alam sekitar, sumber air, banjir, pencemaran air, pencemaran udara, sinki karbon
ABSTRACT Forest which forms a part of the physical environment has numerous uses either in its interaction with other physical components such as atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere, or human beings and other living things. At the early stage of human existence forest and its products inclusive of animals have been exploited as source of food supply. Increase in human population with their more varied needs especially when they started settling down and coupled with improved technology has caused forest not to be just a supplier of food, but also became supplier of building materials. Such changes also occurred in Riau Province where initially the exploitation of forest was minimal. However, when the need to support the growing population and various forms of development, deforestation was carried out intensively. Logging and the opening up of forest for plantation and agriculture together with numerous other activities have either directly or indirectly created problems to all the major components of the physical environment namely the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. Since a few decades ago a number of problems have surfaced especially in relation to an eminent threat to biodiversity extinction, soil erosion, water sources, river water pollution, flood, drought, air pollution and possibility of climate change.
Key words: deforestation, environment, water sources, flood, water pollution, air pollution, carbon sink
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