Eksploitasi Maksim Grice Lambang Kehalusan Berbahasa Masyarakat Melayu: Analisis dalam Filem Dayang Senandong (1965) (Exploitation of Grice’s Maxims as A Symbol of Language Subtlety in A Malay Community: An Analysis in The Dayang Senandong Film (1965))

NORHIDAYU HASAN, ZAITUL AZMA ZAINON HAMZAH, NOR AZUWAN YAAKOB, FAZILAH HUSIN

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Eksploitasi adalah istilah yang digunakan oleh Grice (1975) untuk merujuk pelanggaran maksim perbualan yang dilakukan penutur. Dalam Prinsip Kerjasama yang diasaskan oleh Grice (1975), terdapat empat maksim yang perlu dipatuhi oleh penutur bagi membantu menghasilkan komunikasi yang jelas selain mengurangkan salah faham. Namun, maksim ini sering dieksploitasi oleh penutur untuk menghasilkan implikatur. Eksploitasi maksim sering terjadi dalam komunikasi masyarakat Melayu sebagai satu lambang kehalusan berbahasa masyarakat Melayu. Fokus utama kajian ini adalah menganalisis ujaran yang terhasil daripada eksploitasi maksim Grice dalam komunikasi masyarakat Melayu dengan menggunakan filem sebagai sumber data. Bagi tujuan ini, analisis dilakukan pada dialog filem Melayu bertajuk Dayang Senandong yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1965. Filem ini dipilih kerana ia merupakan filem yang mempunyai satu gambaran dan panduan yang kukuh terhadap budaya dan bahasa masyarakat Melayu zaman dahulu. Prinsip Kerjasama Grice (1975) dan Teori Relevans (1986) telah diterapkan dalam penganalisisan data yang terpilih. Berdasarkan data yang terkumpul terdapat 16 ujaran yang mengeksploitasi maksim Grice iaitu maksim kualiti, kuantiti, dan cara. Manakala, maksim hubungan tidak dieksploitasi dalam dialog filem tersebut. Eksploitasi maksim dalam komunikasi masyarakat Melayu melalui filem ini jelas membuktikan nilai kehalusan berbahasa masyarakat Melayu dengan penggunaan implikatur yang memerlukan pemahaman makna yang mendalam bagi menyampaikan sesuatu mesej dengan tepat.

Kata kunci: Eksploitasi; maksim Grice; masyarakat Melayu; teori relevans; filem

 

ABSTRACT: Exploitation (exploit) is a term used by Grice (1975) to explain the flouting of conversational maxims. In Cooperative Principles found by Grice, there are four maxims that speakers should follow in order to produce a clear communication hence to reduce any misunderstandings in communication. However, maxims are often exploited by the speakers thus producing an implicature. The study argued that Grice’s Maxim exploitation often occurs in the communication of the Malay societies. In this case, the Malay language is seen as a symbol of subtle image of the community. This study analyses the Malay movie dialogue, Dayang Senandong, filmed in 1965. This movie was selected due to its strong reflection of the Malay community at that particular time. The main objective of this study was to analyze the utterance generated from the exploitation of Grice’s maxims in the Malay community by using the dialog as a data source. The Cooperative Principles and Relevance Theory are applied to the analysis of selected data. The findings revealed 16 utterances that exploit Grice’s maxims identified as quality, quantity, and manners. Meanwhile, the maxim of relation is not exploited in the dialogue of the film. The study concludes that exploitation of Grice’s maxims in the Malay’s communication clearly demonstrates the value of Malay’s language subtlety with the use of implicature that require a deep understanding of the meaning for delivering a message accurately.

Keywords: Exploitation; Grice’s maxims; the Malay community; relevance theory, films


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