Kedah di Kancah Peperangan Konbaung dan Chakri (Kedah in the Middle War between Konbaung and Chakri)

MOHD HERMAN ROSLAN

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Kejatuhan Ayutthaya pada tahun 1767 yang diakibatkan oleh serangan Konbaung telah menyebabkan negeri-negeri yang terletak di bahagian selatan dan berada di bawah kerajaan ini berjaya membebaskan diri. Antara negeri yang dimaksudkan termasuklah negeri Kedah yang dianggap sebagai sebuah negeri naungan Siam. Sepanjang tempoh tersebut, satu hubungan bilateral antara masyarakat Myanmar dengan masyarakat Melayu Kedah telahpun wujud. Perhubungan ini dikatakan berakhir apabila kerajaan Konbaung dan Ava dikalahkan oleh British pada tahun 1824. Namun begitu, setakat ini, belum ada lagi kajian di Malaysia yang dapat menjelaskan hubungan yang jelas di antara kerajaan lama di Myanmar dengan Kedah secara mendalam. Kajian sedia ada hanya bertumpu kepada peperangan yang melibatkan Ligor-Bangkok dari tahun 1821 hingga 1840. Sedangkan ketika Siam dan Burma berada di kemuncak kuasa, Kedah dikatakan berada di tengah-tengah dan terpaksa memilih sama ada untuk bernaung di bawah salah satu kerajaan tersebut. Beberapa siri serangan dan bukti hubungan yang menjelaskan hubungan Siam dan Kedah menawarkan beberapa dapatan yang mencungkil bukti bahawa Kedah pernah mempunyai hubungan dengan kerajaan tradisi Myanmar terutamanya daripada sudut perdagangan dan pelayaran.

Keyword: Konbaung; Kedah; Chakri; bunga emas; perang

 

ABSTRACT: The fall of Ayutthaya in 1767 as a result of the conquest of Konbaung has caused the southern states and under this government to break free. Among the states is Kedah which is considered to be under the Siamese rules. Over the years, there was bilateral relations between the people of Myanmar with the Kedah Malay community. Nevertheless, this relationship is said to have ended when the Konbaung and Ava governments were defeated by the British in 1824. However, no local study has been able to explain the clear relationship between the old governments in Myanmar and Kedah. The present study is commonly found to focus on the wars involving Ligor-Bangkok from 1821 to 1840. While Siam and Burma were at the height of power, Kedah was said to be in the middle and had to choose whether to remain under either government. A series of attacks and evidence of relations that explain the Siamese and Kedah relations offer some conclusions that prove Kedah has had links with the Myanmar traditional government especially in terms of trade and cruise.

Keyword: Konbaung; Kedah; Chakri; golden and silver flower; war


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