Pendekatan Analisa Morfologi Bandar: Satu Kajian Rintis Mengenai Perkembangan Kajian ke Arah Pemeliharaan Bandar Melayu (An Approach to Urban Morphological Analysis: A Development Review for The Conservation of The Malay Towns)
Abstract
ABSTRAK: Bandar-bandar tradisional di Malaysia mempunyai pelbagai khazanah warisan yang menjadikan bandar ini kelihatan unik dan menjadi identiti kepada negara. Sehubungan dengan itu, pendekatan morfologi bandar merupakan salah satu cara yang heuristik untuk mengenal pasti karakter dan menilai perubahan yang berlaku terhadap bentuk, pola ruang serta fungsi sesebuah bandar. Namun begitu, kewujudan pelbagai pendekatan analisa morfologi yang memfokuskan kepada subjek penilaian yang sama serta tiadanya integrasi antara pendekatan tersebut telah mempengaruhi keberkesanan daripada sudut aplikasinya. Pengabaian reka bentuk dan susun atur bandar tradisi yang menimbulkan kecelaruan terhadap kesinambungan fabrik bandar. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini bermatlamat untuk mengenal pasti aspek penting yang mendasari perkembangan dalam pendekatan morfologi bandar. Ini dapat dicapai dengan melihat perubahan dan pembaharuan terhadap teori, konsep dan model dalam kajian morfologi bandar. Kajian ini umumnya bersifat eksploratory dengan menggunakan kajian perpustakaan sebagai metodologi utama di mana kesemua aspek tersebut dirujuk sebagai pendekatan yang berpotensi untuk diaplikasikan ke arah pemeliharaan bandar Melayu. Dapatan daripada kajian ini dibincangkan dalam dua bahagian meliputi perincian perkembangan pendekatan yang ditelusuri melalui takrifan definisi morfologi bandar serta tabulasi elemen-elemen utama dalam pendekatan analisa morfologi bandar. Kajian ini dilihat penting dalam menyumbangkan pemahaman terhadap proses analisa morfologi yang diguna pakai untuk penghasilan inventori rupa bentuk bandar serta pemetaan pelan perancangan pemeliharaan bandar Melayu khasnya agar lebih efektif dan komprehensif selaras dengan tindakan yang termaktub dalam Rancangan Fizikal Negara Ketiga.
Kata kunci: Morfologi bandar; bentuk bandar; analisa morfologi; pemeliharaan bandar; bandar Melayu
ABSTRACT: The traditional towns in Malaysia with a rich of urban heritage displays a distinct and unique identity for the country. Approach to urban morphology is one of the heuristic measures to identify the character and evaluate the changes in the form, spatial pattern and function of the city. However, the existence of various morphological analysis approaches that focuses on the same subject of assessment and the lack of integration between these approaches has influenced the effectiveness of its application. Such a situation has resulted in the negligence of the design and layout of the traditional city henceforth contributed to the fragmentation of urban fabric. In view of this, the study aims to identify the key aspects that underpin the development in the morphological approaches of the city. This can be achieved by a closer look at the changes and reforms of the theories, concepts and models in urban morphology studies. This study is an exploratory review using library research as the main methodology in which all the aspects are referred to as approaches potential to be applied towards conserving the Malay towns. The findings are twofold first, the examination of the development of morphological approaches and second, the tabulation of similar key elements in urban morphological analysis approaches. This study is seen as important in contributing to the understanding of the morphological analysis process used for the creation of urban design inventories and mapping the principles of Malay urbanism towards a more effective and comprehensive in line with the actions stipulated in the Third National Physical Plan.
Keywords: Urban morphology; urban form; morphological analysis; urban conservation; Malay town
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