Tumbuhan dalam Hikayat Raja Banjar: Larangan, Manfaat, Akibat, Asal-Usul, dan Pertanda (Plants in Hikayat Raja Banjar: Prohibition, Benefits, Result, Origin and a Sign)

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Hikayat Raja Banjar adalah karya sastera Melayu klasik berbentuk prosa di Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. Hikayat ini selain berisi cerita tentang salasilah raja-raja Banjar dan Kota Waringin juga berisi cerita tentang tumbuhan yang memiliki larangan, manfaat, akibat, asal-usul, dan pertanda. Tumbuhan dalam Hikayat Raja Banjar yang mengandung larangan, manfaat, akibat, asal-usul, dan pertanda antara lain sahang atau lada (piper nigrum), bunga nagasari, bunga melati (Jasminum sambac) dan bunga merah, jerangau (Acorus calamus) dan pirawas, kayu gading, dan pohon rengas (glutta renghas). Lada dilarang ditanam terlalu banyak karena dapat mengakibatkan datangnya bencana bagi kerajaan. Lada boleh ditanam sedikit saja untuk keperluan rempah dapur tiap keluarga. Bunga nagasari berasal dari kesaktian Putri Junjung Buih sebagai pertanda kasih sayangnya kepada bawahannya. Bunga melati dan bunga merah sebagai pertanda Bangbang Sukmaraga dan Bangbang Patmaraga mati dibunuh. Jerangau berasal dari sepah kinangan Arya Malingkun dan Pirawas berasal dari sepah kinangan istri Arya Malingkun yang bermanfaat sebagai ubat bagi cucunya yang bernama Putri Huripan. Kayu gading merupakan dasar bagi Raja Bungsu memberi nama desa Ampelgading. Kayu gading bermanfaat untuk dijadikan tongkat. Pohon rengas memiliki pertanda kalau dahannya tiada angin maka patah sendiri, alamat ada para dipati mati, kalau ujungnya patah sendiri, alamat raja mati.

Kata kunci: Hikayat Raja Banjar; tumbuhan; larangan; manfaat; akibat; pertanda

ABSTRACT: Hikayat Raja Banjar is a classical Malay literature in prose in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This saga besides containing stories about the genealogy of the kings of Banjar and Kota Waringin also contains stories about herbs which have prohibition, benefits, consequences, the origin, and a sign. Plants in the Hikayat Raja Banjar which contain prohibition, benefits,consequences, the origin, and a sign among others are sahang or pepper (piper nigrum), nagasari flower, jasmine (Jasminum sambac) and red flowers, calamus (Acorus Calamus) and pirawas, ivory wood, and tree rengas (glutta renghas). Pepper is prohibited from being planted too much because it can lead to disaster for the kingdom. Some pepper may be planted to spice kitchen needs of each family. Interest on Nagasari flower is derived from the supernatural Puteri Junjung Buih as a sign of affection to her subordinates. Jasmine flowers and red flowers are signs of the death of Bangbang Sukmaraga and Bangbang Patmaraga. Jerangau is derived from kinangan Arya Malingkun junk and Pirawas junk is derived from kinangan Arya Malingkun’s wife wish was useful as a medicine for her grandson named Princess Huripan. Ivory wood is the basis for the youngest king in naming Ampelgading village. Ivory wood is useful as a walking stick, Rengas tree has the sign that if the is no wind branches break by themselves, it is a sign that a Dipati is dead, and if the tip of the branches breaks by itself it is a sign that the king dies.

Keywords: Hikayat Raja Banjar; plants; prohibition; benefits; as a result; the origin; and a sign