Reflection on Compassion in Islam and Malay Sufi Identity1 (Refleksi Terhadap Konsep Rahman dan Identiti Melayu-Sufi)
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Malays constitute around 300 million people in the Southeast Asian region. Historically many Malay Muslim scholar had practiced Sufism or tasawwuf in the past resulting in a rich heritage of writings on aspects of Sufism where many are still in Manuscript form. The lutfiyya (grace) of God or God’s breath (nafas al-rahman) is a constant feature in the worldview of the Sufis. God is seen to be an active principle in the world and human beings journey in this terrestrial world is in constant contact with God. Early formulation of Malay identity is forged with this in mind i.e. the everyday contact with God with the aim of reaching close to him. With the onslaught of colonialism such an identity is deviated from its original path. Instead various new needs are imposed upon that identity including the needs of the nation state. This has led to various results and growth of that identity. For better or for worse this paper argues that a return and an evolution to that early Sufi/inner-based identity with emphasis on compassion (al-rahman) is required for positive growth and development in the region.
Keywords: Malay world; compassion; Sufism, nation-state; identity
ABSTRAK: Melayu berjumlah sebanyak lebih kurang 300 juta di Asia Tenggara. Menurut sejarah kebanyakan ulamak Melayu dahulu mengamalkan Tasawwuf atau Sufisme yang telah menghasilkan khazanah penulisan yang kaya dengan aspek Sufisme yang kebanyakannya masih di dalam bentuk manuskrip. Konsep lutf Tuhan atau nafas al-Rahman adalah suatu yang terbiasa didalam pandangan alam jagat Sufi. Tuhan itu dilihat sebagai aktif di alam dan perjalanan spiritual manusia di alam ini adalah sentiasa dibawah naunganNya. Pembentukan identity Melayu awal, adalah dilakukan dengan berpandangan sedemikian iaitu dengan tujuan untuk mendekatkan diri kepadaNya. Cabaran kolonisasi telah mempengaruhi identity ini dan mengakibatkan ia bertukar arah. Sebaliknya pelbagai kehendak baharu telah diletakkan padanya termasuklah kehendak sesebuah negara-bangsa. Ini telah mengakibatkan pelbagai hasil dan pengembangan identity yang baharu tersebut. Baik atau buruk, makalah ini berhujah kea rah pengembalian dan pengembangan identiti Sufi(aspek spiritual) yang awal dengan penekanan ke atas konsep al-rahman di dalamnya adalah diperlukan untuk pembangunan dan perkembangan yang positif bagi rantau ini.
Kata kunci: Alam Melayu; Rahman; tasawwuf; negara-bangsa; identiti
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