Kesan Pembinaan Pemecah Ombak terhadap Sosio-Ekonomi Masyarakat dan Alam Sekitar: Kajian Kes di Pelabuhan Perikanan Chendering (The Impact of Breakwater Construction on the Socio-Economic Society and the Environment: A Case Study in Chendering Fishing Port)

NURUL AISYAH AWANIS A RAHIM, SITI NURAIN MUHMAD, SITI NASUHA MUHMAD

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Pembangunan mapan adalah sangat penting bagi memastikan setiap perancangan memberi impak positif terhadap sosioekonomi dan alam sekitar kepada komuniti setempat. Pembinaan pemecah ombak dianggap perlu untuk sesetengah pelabuhan bagi menjalankan aktiviti pendaratan ikan dengan lebih efisien. Pemecah ombak telah dibina di Pelabuhan Perikanan Chendering (PPC) untuk memudahkan bot-bot perikanan berlabuh dan menjadi pusat perusahaan perikanan terbesar di negeri Terengganu yang memberi manfaat yang besar kepada komuniti nelayan setempat. Walau bagaimanapun, setelah sekian lama ia beroperasi, terdapat beberapa masalah yang dihadapi oleh komuniti nelayan apabila sukar untuk melabuhkan bot mereka disebabkan mendapan pasir yang semakin serius di kawasan tersebut. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesan pembinaan pemecah ombak terhadap sosioekonomi masyarakat dan alam sekitar. Data yang digunakan untuk kajian kes ini melibatkan dua kaedah iaitu data primer dan sekunder. Data primer untuk kajian kes ini tidak melibatkan borang soal kaji selidik dan ia diperoleh dengan melakukan kaedah temu bual separa berstruktur dengan pihak yang terlibat secara langsung. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan rekod pendaratan ikan semakin menurun dan hakisan pantai semakin meningkat. Kajian ini membuktikan pembinaan pemecah ombak telah menyebabkan hakisan pantai dan ia menjadi semakin teruk apabila pengumpulan sedimen telah menyebabkan kecetekan berlaku di kawasan PPC yang menyebabkan pendaratan ikan semakin berkurang. Ini selari dengan dapatan data primer yang telah dijalankan secara temu bual daripada nelayan dan pihak agensi yang berkaitan dimana nelayan mengakui bahawa keluasan ‘harbour basin’ yang makin berkurang dan cetek menyebabkan kekurangan tempat untuk melabuhkan bot. Tambahan lagi, mendapan pasir yang berlaku adalah disebabkan bentuk pemecah ombak yang tidak sesuai dengan keadaan di kawasan PPC.

Kata kunci: Pemecah ombak; komuniti nelayan; pembangunan mapan; sosio-ekonomi; alam sekitar

 

ABSTRACT: Sustainable development is very important to ensure that every plan has a positive socio-economic and environmental impact on the local community. The construction of breakwaters is considered necessary for some ports to carry out fish landing activities more efficiently. A breakwater has been built at Chendering Fishing Port (PPC) to facilitate the docking of fishing boats and become the center of the largest fishing enterprise in the state of Terengganu which greatly benefits the local fishing community. However, after it has been operating for a long time, there are some problems faced by the fishing community when it is difficult to anchor their boats due to the increasingly serious sand deposits in the area. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the impact of the construction of breakwaters on the socioeconomics of the community and the environment. The data used for this case study involves two methods, namely primary and secondary data. The primary data for this case study does not involve a survey form and it is obtained by conducting a semi-structured interview method with the directly involved parties. The findings of this study show that fish landing records are decreasing, and coastal erosion is increasing. This study proves that the construction of breakwaters has caused beach erosion, and it has become worse when the accumulation of sediments has caused printing to occur in the PPC area which causes fish landings to decrease. This is in line with the findings of primary data that have been conducted through interviews from fishermen and related agencies where fishermen admit that the area of the ‘harbor basin’ which is decreasing and shallow causes a lack of places to moor boats. Furthermore, the sand deposits that occur are due to the shape of the breakwater which does not suit the conditions in the PPC area. 

Keywords: Breakwater; fisherman community; sustainable development; socio-economic; environment


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