Development – Led Marginalisation: A Historical Analysis of the Jahai in RPS Air Banun from the Early 1900s to the 1980s (Keterpinggiran Berasaskan Pembangunan Orang Jahai di RPS Air Banun: Satu Analisis Sejarah dari Awal 1900 hingga 1980-an)

RONZI MOHD YUSOFF, SHARINA ABDUL HALIM, MUSTAFFA OMAR, JOY JACQUELINE PEREIRA, HOOD SALLEH

Abstract


ABSTRACT: The Jahai from RPS Air Banun are amongst the indigenous ethnics found in Peninsular Malaysia who still grapple below the stated level of poverty. Various efforts have been initiated with intentions of extracting them from their traditional ways of life in order to live on par amongst the multicultural – multiracial Malaysian population. Even so, fast paced development and urbanization has caused them to be left far behind when compared with their non-indigenous Malaysian counterparts. Despite extensive planning and implementation, development programmes have shown little success in changing their socio-economic status for the better and they have only been further marginalized and threatened by these initiatives. The deterioration in socio-economic status of the Jahai from RPS Air Banun is found to be closely related to the history of this nation’s development especially after achieving independence. Rapid urbanization and economic growth during the post-communist period had vastly changed the country’s physical landscape, thus changing the lives of the indigenous minority whose livelihood was still greatly dependant on natural resources. By employing the historical perspective, this paper examines the socio-economic status of the Jahai in RPS Air Banun who still live below the poverty level even after three decades of involvement in the Orang Asli Resettlement Programme.

Keywords: Jahai; socio-economic; period of emergency; Resettlement Programme

 

ABSTRAK: Jahai di RPS Air Banun merupakan antara kelompok peribumi di Semenanjung Malaysia yang masih hidup di bawah paras kemiskinan. Tahap sosioekonomi mereka yang masih lagi rendah menjadikan mereka komuniti yang hidup dalam keadaan terancam. Sebagai warga minoriti, mereka sering dipersalahkan apabila usaha-usaha pembangunan yang dirancang tidak membuahkan kejayaan. Namun sejarah telah membuktikan bahawa kemerosotan hidup warga peribumi hampir di seluruh dunia adalah disebabkan oleh proses penjajahan itu sendiri yang menjadikan mereka terpinggir dan terpencil. Kemerosotan sosioekonomi Orang Jahai di RPS Air Banun juga didapati sangat berkait rapat dengan sejarah yang berlaku di masa lalu. Zaman darurat telah mencetus evolusi baru dalam kehidupan warga peribumi di Tanah Melayu. Pelbagai usaha dirancang dilaksanakan untuk membawa mereka keluar dari cara hidup tradisional dan berada seiring dengan masyarakat Malaysia yang majmuk dan berbilang kaum. Namun kebanyakan programprogram pembangunan yang dirancang dan dilaksanakan menyebabkan mereka semakin terpinggir dan terancam. Perbincangan dalam makalah ini akan menyorot kembali sejarah sosioekonomi Orang Jahai di RPS Air Banun yang sehingga kini masih hidup di bawah paras kemiskinan walau pun telah lebih tiga dekad terlibat dalam program Rancangan Pengumpulan Semula Orang Asli.

Kata kunci: Jahai; sosioekonomi; darurat; Rancangan Pengumpulan Semula


Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdul Ghani Abu, Muhammad Rafiq Abdul Rahman & NurAin Farhana Mohmad Nor. 2013. Senoi beq: Menjejak puncak. Dewan Budaya Mei: 10-28.

Aiken, S. R. and Leigh, C. H. 2011. Seeking redress in the courts: Indigenous land rights and judicial decisions in Malaysia. Modern Asian Studies 45(4): 825–875.

Amran Kasimin. 1991. Religion and social change among the indigenous people of the Malay Peninsula. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Arkib Negara. 2015. www.arkb.gov.my. Retrieved on [15th of Disember 2015].

Carey, I. 1976. Orang Asli: The aboriginal tribes of Peninsular Malaysia. London: Oxford University Press.

Dobree, P. G. J. 1994. Hujan Panas Bawa Bencana. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Endicott, K. M. 1979. Batek Negrito religion: The world-view and rituals of a hunting and gathering people of Peninsular Malaysia. USA: Oxford University Press.

Evans, I. H. N. 1968. The Negritos of Malaya. London: Frank Cass and Company Limited.

Hasan Ishak. 1998. Orang Asli dan cabaran masa kini: Usaha dan tindakan yang direncanakan oleh JHEOA. Dlm.

Hasan Mat Nor. Warga Peribumi Menghadapi Cabaran Pembangunan. Bangi: Jabatan Sosiologi dan Antropologi, UKM.

Hasan Mat Nor. 1996. Tanah dan Masyarakat Orang Asli: Kajian Kes di Empat Buah Kampung Orang Asli di Daerah Batang Padang, Perak. Bangi: Fakulti Sains Kemasyarakatan dan Kemanusiaan, UKM.

Hasan Mat Nor. 1998. Masyarakat Orang Asli dan Akta 134. Dlm. Hasan Mat Nor. Warga peribumi menghadapi cabaran pembangunan. Bangi: Jabatan Sosiologi dan Antropologi, UKM.

Hood Salleh. 1995. Dunia Peribumi dan alam sekitar: Langkah ke hadapan. Bangi: Penerbit UKM.

Itam Wali Nawan. 1993. Rancangan Pengumpulan Semula (RPS) Orang Jahai: Kajian kes mengenai perubahan sosial di RPS Air Banun. Bangi: Jabatan Antropologi dan Sosiologi, UKM.

Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli. 2005. Kehidupan, budaya & pantang larang Orang Asli. Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli, Kementerian Pembangunan Luar Bandar: Kuala Lumpur.

Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli. 2014. http://www.jakoa.gov.my/suku-kaum/bangsa. Retrieved on 15th of Disember 2015.

Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia. 2016. http://www.penerangan.gov.my. Retrieved on 27th of July 2016.

Johansen, B.E. 2003. Indigenous people and environmental issues: An Encyclopedia. USA: Greenwood Press.

Kamarudin, K. H. & Ngah, I. 2007. Pembangunan mampan Orang Asli. Skudai: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

Leary, D. J. 1995. Violence and the dream people: The Orang Asli in the Malayan Emergency, 1948-1960 (No. 95). Ohio University Press.

Lim Hin Fui. 2003. Economic advancement and poverty eradication among the aborigines in Malaysia. This is the original, unedited version of a paper submitted to the XII World Forestry Congress, Québec City, Canada. http://www.fao.org/docrep/article/wfc/xii/0175-a2.htm#P10_167. Retrieved on 20th of June 2013.

Mahani Musa. 2011. The socioeconomic history of the Orang Kanaq of Johor. Kajian Malaysia 29(1): 47-74.

Mohd Reduan Hj. Aslie. 2008. Pemberontakan bersenjata komunis di Malaysia. Edisi Kedua. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Mustaffa Omar. 2008. Rancangan Pengumpulan Semula (RPS) masyarakat Orang Asli: Pencapaian dan cabaran. Dlm. Ma’Rof Redzuan & Sarjit S. Gill. Orang Asli: Isu, transformasi dan cabaran. Serdang: Penerbit UPM.

Nicholas, C. 2000. The Orang Asli and the contest for resources: Indigenous, politics, development and identity in Peninsular Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Vinlin Press Sdn. Bhd.

Razha Rashid. 1995. Introduction: General issue – Identity, land and health. Dlm. Razha Rashid. Idigenous minorities of peninsular Malaysia: Selected issues and ethnographies.Kuala Lumpur: Intersocietal and Scientific Sdn. Bhd.

Schebesta P. P. & Blagden C. O. 1926. The jungle tribes of the Peninsular Malaysia in Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London 4(2): 269-278.

Schebesta, Paul. 1928 [1973]. Among the forest dwarfs of Malaya. London: Hutchinson (Reprinted 1973, with an introduction by Geoffrey Benjamin, Kuala Lumpur- Oxford University Press).

Skeat, W. W., & Blagden, C. O. 1906. Pagan races of the Malay Peninsula (Vol. 1). London: Macmillan and Company Limited.

United Nation, World City Report. 2016. http://wcr.unhabitat.org/main-report/. Retrieved on 28th of Jun 2016.

Van der Sluys, C. 1996. Use and trade of rattan by the Jahai in Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Akademika 48 (Januari): 63-83.

Van der Sluys, C. 1999. The Jahai of northern Peninsular Malaysia. The Cambridge encyclopedia of hunters and gatherers. UK: Cambridge University Press.

Wazir Jahan Karim dan Razha Rashid. 2016. Differential responses to development and modernity among the Kintak Bong and the Ma’Batise’ in Kirk Endicott (ed.) Malaysia original people: Past, present and future of the Orang Asli, 311-332. NUS press. Singapore.

Zaini Hasssan. 2010. Wajib kunjungi ekosistem Belum, Banding. Utusan Malaysia, 23 Februari. http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info. Retrieved on 23rd of Februari 2013.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 


ISSN 2289-1706 | e-ISSN : 2289-4268 

Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu (ATMA)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan
MALAYSIA

© Copyright UKM Press, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia