Quantitative Description of Urban Landscape by Analyzing Topography in “Openness” Index A Case Study in Tokyo Yamanote Region (Penerangan Kuantitatif Berkaitan Landskap Bandar dengan Menganalisis Topografi Index “Keterbukaan” Satu Kajian Kes di Rantau Yamanote Tokyo )
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Although land use in megacity is changing rapidly, topography condition is relatively stable. To understand the characteristics of topography and its effect to the formation of urban landscape, it is important to discuss not only about natural environment sustainability, but also socio-cultural identity in the area. The topography of Tokyo is generally clarified as two zones, the west side called “Yamanote” which is the highland eroded by small rivers and valleys, and the east side called “Shitamachi” which is the alluvial land. There are some differences in urban landscape and socio-economical phenomena between these two areas which are influenced by topographical characteristics. Especially Yamanote area, labyrinthine street networks are formed by narrow and curved valleys, green spaces are preserved in steep land, while each place has unique landscape. Usually, these characteristics are discussed in fuzzy and qualitative sense, but in this paper, we present these characteristics by quantitative methods and indexes. We specifically analyzed such topographical characteristics in Tokyo Yamanote area by “Openness” index where slope can be described in broader scale. Furthermore, we described two characteristics of built environment by Space Syntax theory for street network pattern and GIS data for land use property included green area. By layering these three characteristics, the uniquely of areas could be identified. This method might be important to be applied in actual planning.
Keywords: Topography analysis; openness; space syntax; Tokyo
ABSTRAK: Walaupun guna tanah di bandar raya berubah dengan sangat cepat, keadaan topografi dalam keadaan stabil. Untuk memahami karektaristik dan kesan pembentukan landskap bandar, adalah sangat penting untuk membincangkan identiti sosiobudaya di kawasan itu serta kelestarian alam semula jadi. Topografi di Tokyo secara umum terbahagi kepada dua zon. Bahagian barat dinamakan “Yamanote” yang mana tanah tinggi yang terhakis oleh sungai-sungai kecil dan lembah, dan sebelah timur dipanggil “Shitamachi” yang merupakan tanah lanar. Terdapat beberapa perbezaan dalam landskap bandar dan fenomena sosioekonomi antara kedua-dua kawasan yang dipengaruhi oleh ciri-ciri topografi. Terutama kawasan Yamanote, rangkaian jalan labirin terbentuk oleh lembah sempit dan melengkung, kawasan hijau dipelihara di tanah curam, manakala setiap tempat mempunyai landskap yang unik. Biasanya, ciri-ciri ini akan dibincangkan dalam erti kabur dan kualitatif, tetapi dalam kertas kerja ini, kami membentangkan ciri-ciri ini dengan kaedah kuantitatif dan indeks. Kami secara khusus menganalisis ciri-ciri topografi seperti di kawasan Tokyo Yamanote oleh “Keterbukaan” indeks di mana cerun boleh digambarkan dalam skala yang lebih luas. Tambahan pula, kami diterangkan dua ciri-ciri persekitaran yang dibina oleh teori Space Syntax untuk corak dan GIS data rangkaian jalan untuk kegunaan tanah harta termasuk kawasan hijau. Oleh itu lapisan ketiga-tiga ciriciri yang unik kawasan dapat dikenal pasti. Kaedah ini mungkin penting untuk diaplikasikan dalam perancangan sebenar.
Kata kunci: Analisis topografi; keterbukaan; space syntax; Tokyo
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Google Earth. 2012. Tokyo Terrain for Google Earth. http://www.gridscape.net/. Access on: 12 February 2012.
Hillier, B. 2003. A Theory of the City as Object. Proceedings of 4th International Space Syntax Symposium.
Hillier, B., Hanson, J. 2009. The Social Logic of Space, Cambridge University Press.
Maki, H., Wakatsuki, Y., Ono, H., Takatani, T. 1980. Miegakuresuru-Toshi,Kajima-Publishing.
Space Syntax Network. http://www.spacesyntax.net/. Access on: 12 February 2012.
Yokoyama, R., Sirakawa, M., Kikuchi, Y. 1984. Representation of topographical features by openness. Journal of the Japan Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 38(4): 26-33.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN 2289-1706 | e-ISSN : 2289-4268
Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu (ATMA)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan
MALAYSIA
© Copyright UKM Press, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia