Dialek Melayu di Perak: Analisis Geolinguistik (Malay Dialect in Perak: A Geolinguistic Analysis)

Abstract

ABSTRAK:Dialek Melayu telah lama dikaji namun kebelakangan ini agak kurang aktif. Baru-baru ini kajian dialek dirancakkan semula dengan menggunakan pendekatan multidisiplin. Dialek telah digandingkan dengan maklumat geografi yang dikenali sebagai geolinguistik. Selain maklumat topografi, kajian geolinguistik juga mengambil kira faktor bukan linguistik lain seperti migrasi, sejarah dan sosiobudaya dalam menjelaskan taburan dialek. Kajian telah mengaplikasikan perisian Geographic Information System (GIS) dalam melakarkan taburan dialek dan isoglos dengan tepat dan sistematik. Seramai 1500 responden terlibat dari seluruh negeri Perak dengan mengambil golongan tua, dewasa dan remaja sebagai responden. Hasil kajian mendapati wujud pelbagai varian sebutan bagi leksikal kata ganti nama, air dan bantal. Selain daripada varian dialek Perak sendiri, kita temui varian dialek Melayu Patani dan dialek Kedah dituturkan di Perak. Kesan daripada faktor sejarah dan migrasi, kita temui juga bahasa Banjar, Jawa dan Minang yang memperkayakan bahasa di Perak. Dapatan kedua membuktikan walaupun Kuala Kangsar dan Perak Tengah adalah pusat bagi dialek Perak asli, namun penggunaan dialek di Perak mula menampakkan unsur-unsur kepudaran dalam kalangan generasi muda. Ini telah pun berlaku pada bahasa Banjar, Minang dan Jawa. Pengaruh daripada media massa, pendidikan, dan proses asimilasi telah menjadi faktor penyumbang kepada kehilangan bahasa dan dialek ini di Perak.

Kata kunci: Dialek; isoglos; GIS; geolinguistik; Perak

ABSTRACT: Research on Malay dialect has been done years ago and becomes inactive for a while. Recently, the research on dialect has improved with a multidiscipline approach. Dialect works closely with geography and now it is known as geo-linguistic. Besides the topographic information, the geo-linguistic approach takes into account the non-linguistics factors such as migration, history and socio-cultural background in describing the dialect distributions. This study has applied the Geographic Information System (GIS) software in producing the delineation of dialect distribution and isogloss accurately and systematically. A number of 1500 respondents from the whole of Perak have involved that comprises of the old, adult and teenagers. The findings show that there are various variants of pronunciation for the lexicon of personal pronouns, water and pillow. Apart from Perak dialect, we discovered Malay Patani and Malay Kedah as well spoken in Perak. In addition, based on the historical and migration factors, we found Banjar, Java and Minang language that enriches language in Perak. Second finding proves that even though Kuala Kangsar and Perak Tengah are considered as the original part of Perak dialect, nevertheless the use of Perak dialect has a tendency to weaken especially among the teenagers. This has happened to Banjar, Minang and Jawa languages in Perak especially among teenagers. The influence of mass media, education and assimilation process further contribute gradually to the disappearance of these languages and dialects in Perak.

Keywords: Dialect; isogloss; GIS; geo-linguistic; Perak