Orang Asli di Kawasan Lindungan: Kedudukannya dari Segi Perundangan di Malaysia (Orang Asli in Protected Areas: Its Position under the Malaysian Legislation)
Abstract
In Malaysia, most of the tropical rainforest has been gazetted as a protected area. This protected areas known as forest reserves, widlife protection reserves, national parks and state parks are rich in various species of flora and fauna. Orang Asli who inhabit part of the protected areas are highly dependent on the sustainability of the forest resources. This article analyses the position of Orang Asli in the protected area provided under the legislation as well as the emerging issues involving Orang Asli in the area. The research methodology used is doctrinal legal research and text analysis by examining relevant legislation and previous studies on the position and rights of Orang Asli in protected areas.It was found that there are actually legislation enacted which derived the rights for them to consume and use the nature resources in the protected areas because of the high dependability of the communities onto these resources. However, most of the legislation enacted does not explicitly recognise the position of the Orang Asli communities within the protected area. The provision also limits and reduces their rights without suggesting any other alternative in order to help these communities. There is also possibility in which the legislation were enacted without taking into account the views of these communities as the major stakeholder at the protected areas. Weaknesses in recognizing the position and rights of Orang Asli communities in protected areas in fact could contribute to the failure of biodiversity conservation and preservation systems. This is because the process of preservation and conservation of the nature must inevitably involved the Orang Asli community.
Abstrak
Litupan hutan hujan tropika di Malaysia kebanyakannya telah diwartakan sebagai kawasan lindungan. Kawasan lindungan yang dimaksudkan adalah seperti rizab hutan simpan, rizab lindungan hidupan liar, taman negara dan taman negeri yang sangat kaya dengan pelbagai spesis flora dan fauna. Orang Asli yang menghuni sebahagian dari kawasan lindungan ini amat bergantung kepada kelangsungan sumber hutan. Artikel ini menganalisis kedudukan Orang Asli di dalam kawasan lindungan dari segi perundangan serta mengkaji isu-isu berbangkit yang melibatkan Orang Asli di kawasan lindungan di Malaysia. Metodologi yang digunapakai bagi tujuan penulisan ini adalah kaedah doktrinal undang-undang dan kajian teks iaitu dengan meneliti undang-undang statut berkaitan serta kajian-kajian terdahulu berkenaan kedudukan dan hak Orang Asli di dalam kawasan lindungan.Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat perundangan yang digubal memperuntukkan hak kepenggunaan masyarakat Orang Asli terhadap alam semulajadi di kawasan itu disebabkan oleh kebergantungan masyarakat ini terhadap sumber semulajadi dari kawasan lindungan. Namun begitu, kebanyakan perundangan yang digubal tidak mengiktiraf secara eksplisit akan kedudukan masyarakat Orang Asli di dalam kawasan lindungan tersebut. Peruntukan ini juga bahkan mengehadkan dan mengurangkan hak penggunaan masyarakat tersebut tanpa mencadangkan atau mendatangkan satu alternatif yang lain bagi membantu mereka. Terdapat juga kemungkinan perundangan tersebut dibuat tanpa mengambil kira pandangan dari pihak yang berkepentingan. Kelemahan dalam mengiktiraf kedudukan dan hak masyarakat Orang Asli di kawasan lindungan hakikatnya menyumbang kepada kegagalan sistem pemuliharaan dan pemeliharaan biodiversiti. Hal ini kerana proses pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan alam semulajadi tidak dapat tidak harus melibatkan masyarakat Orang Asli.
Kata kunci: Kawasan lindungan; Orang Asli; pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan; sumber alam semulajadi; perundangan
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