Perbandingan Pengalaman Antara Budaya Pelajar Antarabangsa di Universiti Malaysia Sabah dalam Satu Dekad 2006-2016
Abstract
Kejutan budaya, akulturasi serta adaptasi budaya adalah antara isu hubungan antara budaya yang sering melanda kehidupan kelompok penghijrah. Bertunjangkan isu-isu berkenaan, makalah ini diprakarsakan untuk mengkaji perbandingan pengalaman antara budaya pelajar antarabangsa, iaitu pelajar dari Republik Rakyat China (RRC) yang melanjutkan pengajian di Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Dengan mengaplikasikan Teori Akulturasi Berry dan Teori Adaptasi Budaya Kim serta teknik pengamatan, temu bual kumpulan fokus dan temu bual mendalam, kajian perbandingan bersifat kualitatif ini dianalisis berdasarkan dua penelitian yang dilaksanakan dalam horizon waktu berbeza, iaitu kajian pada 2006-2007 dan 2014-2016. Isu kejutan budaya pelajar RRC diwacanakan berdasarkan beberapa aspek, iaitu aspek bahasa: corak komunikasi dan hubungan sosial, aspek akademik: pengajaran dan pembelajaran, aspek praktikal: harga pasaran, kewangan serta gaya dan corak hidup serta aspek sosio-budaya: makanan, pakaian dan sebagainya. Akulturasi dan adaptasi budaya pula diklasifikasikan kepada beberapa tema, iaitu komunikasi lisan dan bukan lisan (kinesics) serta penguasaan bahasa, hubungan dengan masyarakat sebangsa (co-nationals) dan masyarakat tempatan, corak petempatan berkelompok dan khidmat orang tengah. Faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada perbandingan pengalaman antara budaya pula ialah keberadaan alumni, prosedur pengambilan pelajar, struktur kursus, peningkatan jumlah pelajar RRC dan masyarakat Cina serta pemerkasaan dan penaiktarafan servis atau khidmat. Dari perspektif teori, akulturasi dan adaptasi budaya para pelajar disifatkan sebagai gabungan antara strategi integrasi dan pemisahan.
Katakunci: Kejutan budaya, akulturasi, adaptasi budaya, penghijrah sementara, Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
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