Komunikasi Antarabudaya Pelarian Rohingya di Malaysia: Peranan Pekerjaan dan Pendidikan dalam Akulturasi dan Integrasi
Abstract
Adaptasi antarabudaya merupakan proses penyesuaian yang melibatkan komunikasi di antara individu dan persekitaran tuan rumah. Proses ini berlaku selagi adanya “interaksi” dengan persekitaran tuan rumah. Di Malaysia, pelarian Rohingya merupakan populasi pelarian terbesar setakat Mei 2023. Populasi ini merupakan populasi yang berhijrah secara paksa dan turut mengalami adaptasi antarabudaya setibanya mereka di Malaysia. Malaysia bukanlah negara parti kepada Konvensyen Pelarian 1951 atau Protokol 1967. Pada masa yang sama, Malaysia juga tidak mempunyai rangka kerja perundangan atau pentadbiran yang khusus untuk meregulasi status dan hak pelarian di negara ini. Hal ini menyukarkan mereka mendapat peluang pekerjaan dan akses kepada pendidikan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyelami pengalaman adaptasi antarabudaya pelarian Rohingya di Malaysia dalam aspek pekerjaan dan pendidikan; serta melihat aplikasi kerangka konseptual integrasi Ager dan Strang (2008). Seramai 15 orang pelarian Rohingya lelaki yang menetap di sekitar Lembah Klang telah ditemu bual. Analisis data mendapati pengalaman pelarian Rohingya di Malaysia dalam aspek pekerjaan dan pendidikan sememangnya mencabar. Sungguhpun mereka mempunyai kekangan dalam mencari pekerjaan, mereka dapat menyara diri, keluarga, serta menghantar wang kepada ahli keluarga di luar negara. Selain itu, pekerjaan juga menjadi platform untuk mereka mempelajari Bahasa Melayu dengan wujudnya komunikasi di tempat kerja. Dalam aspek pendidikan pula, sungguhpun pelarian Rohingya di Malaysia berhadapan cabaran untuk mengakses pendidikan, mereka tetap berharap anak-anak mereka akan mendapat pendidikan yang sewajarnya. Kajian ini turut mendapati bahawa pekerjaan dan pendidikan merupakan aspek penting yang menyokong komunikasi antarabudaya terutamanya berkaitan akulturasi dan integrasi pelarian Rohingya di Malaysia.
Kata kunci: Pelarian Rohingya, pekerjaan, pendidikan, akulturasi, integrasi.
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