Challenges of Using the ChatGPT Application in Journalism Work

Solafah Farouq Alzubi

Abstract


Technology of artificial intelligence (AI) has constantly evolved and become more widely used in various fields. Journalism is one of the tasks that AI technologies can enter and change many of the practices and tasks performed by journalists in newsrooms. The ChatGPT application is considered one of the prime examples of AI applications that have gained widespread popularity and that have brought about many changes in various fields, such as journalism. The use of the ChatGPT application among journalists has started, and despite the benefits, such as saving time and effort, it raises many concerns and challenges that have contributed to limiting the use of this application among journalists. The current study aimed to identify the challenges of using the ChatGPT application among journalists in journalism work. Based on the diffusion of innovations theory, in-depth interviews were conducted with nine Jordanian journalists working in various media institutions in Jordan. The results revealed three main challenges faced by journalists in using the ChatGPT application in their work, which are inaccurate information, lack of responsibility and accountability, and ethical concerns. The study provides further discussions on the application and use of ChatGPT in work. The study recommends conducting more research to understand the impact of AI applications in journalism work.

 

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, journalism, journalistic practice, Jordan.

 

https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2024-4004-09


Full Text:

PDF

References


Aburayya, A., Al Marzouqi, A., Al Ayadeh, I., Albqaeen, A., & Mubarak, S. (2020). Evolving a hybrid appointment system for patient scheduling in primary healthcare centres in Dubai: Perceptions of patients and healthcare provider. International Journal on Emerging Technologies, 11(2), 251-260.

‏

Abdel Zahir, M. (2019, June 6). محمد عبدالظاهر : كيف تُغير صحافة الذكاء الاصطناعي العالم؟ (How does AI journalism change the world?). Berwaz. https://www.berwaz.com.kw/محمد-عبدالظاهر-كيف-تُغير-صحافة-الذكاء

Adami, M. (2023, October 16). ChatGPT is now online: here’s a look at how it browses and reports the latest news. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/news/chatgpt-now-online-heres-look-how-it-browses-and-reports-latest-news

Aleessawi, N. (2023). Scientific research methodology towards quality and excellence (1st ed.). Dar Ibsar.

Ali, S., Ravi, P., Williams, R., DiPaola, D., & Breazeal, C. (2024, March). Constructing dreams using generative AI. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 38(21), 23268-23275.

‏

Al-Kadaa, S. (2023, May 5). Is artificial intelligence taking over journalism in Jordan? Raseef22. https://raseef22.net/article/1093090-is-artificial-intelligence-taking-over-journalism-in-jordan

Almarzouqi, A., Aburayya, A., & Salloum, S. A. (2022). Determinants predicting the electronic medical record adoption in healthcare: A SEM-Artificial Neural Network approach. PloS One, 17(8), e0272735.‏ https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272735

Al-Zoubi, O. A., Ahmad, N., & Tahat, K. (2024a). Journalists' objectivity via social media: Jordan. The Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Humanities and Management Sciences, 25(1), 23-7.‏ https://doi.org/10.37575/h/edu/230027

Al-Zoubi, O., Ahmad, N., & Hamid, N. A. (2024b). Artificial intelligence in newsrooms: Ethical challenges facing journalists. Studies in Media and Communication, 12(1), 401-409.‏ https://doi.org/10.11114/smc.v12i1.6587

Alzubi, A. M. (2022). Impact of new digital media on conventional media and visual communication in Jordan. Journal of Engineering, Technology, and Applied Science (JETAS), 4(3), 105-113.‏ https://doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.jetas-0403.383

Appelgren, E. (2018). An illusion of interactivity: The paternalistic side of data journalism. Journalism Practice, 12(3), 308-325.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1299032

Azaria, A., Azoulay, R., & Reches, S. (2024). ChatGPT is a remarkable tool—for experts. Data Intelligence, 6(1), 240-296.‏ https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00235

Bdoor, S. Y., & Habes, M. (2024). Use chat GPT in media content production digital newsrooms perspective. In Al-Marzouqi, A., Salloum, S.A., Al-Saidat, M., Aburayya, A., & Gupta, B. (Eds), Artificial intelligence in education: The power and dangers of ChatGPT in the classroom (pp. 545-561). Springer.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52280-2_34

Beckett, C., & Yaseen, M. (2023). Generating change: A global survey of what news organisations are doing with AI. The London School of Economics and Political Science. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/64d60527c01ae7106f2646e9/t/656e400a1c23e22da0681e46/1701724190867/Generating+Change+_+The+Journalism+AI+report+_+English.pdf

Bertomeu, J., Lin, Y., Liu, Y., & Ni, Z. (2023). Capital market consequences of generative AI: Early evidence from the ban of ChatGPT in Italy. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4452670

Biswal, S. K., & Gouda, N. K. (2020). Artificial intelligence in journalism: A Boon or Bane? In Kulkarni, A., & Satapathy, S. (Eds.), Optimization in machine learning and applications (pp. 155-167). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0994-0_10

Bodó, B. (2021). Selling news to audiences–A qualitative inquiry into the emerging logics of algorithmic news personalization in European quality news media. In Thurman, N., Lewis, S. C., & Kunert, J. (Eds.), Algorithms, automation, and news (pp. 75-96). Routledge.‏ https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003099260-5

Broussard, M., Diakopoulos, N., Guzman, A. L., Abebe, R., Dupagne, M., & Chuan, C. H. (2019). Artificial intelligence and journalism. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 96(3), 673-695.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699019859901

Caramancion, K. M. (2023). News verifiers showdown: A comparative performance evaluation of ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4.0, Bing AI, and bard in news fact-checking. ArXiv Preprint. https://doi.org/10.1109/FNWF58287.2023.10520446

Chan-Olmsted, S. M. (2019). A review of artificial intelligence adoptions in the media industry. International Journal on Media Management, 21(3-4), 193-215.‏ https://doi.org/gqw7f2

Chavanayarn, S. (2023). Navigating ethical complexities through epistemological analysis of ChatGPT. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 43(3-4), 105-114.‏ https://doi.org/ntqt

Cheron, C., Salvagni, J., & Colomby, R. K. (2022). The qualitative approach interview in administration: A guide for researchers. Journal of Contemporary Administration, 26, e210011.‏ https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2022210011.en

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. (4th ed). SAGE Publishing.

Dalal, K. (2019, March 14). MBC most capable to lead Arab Media’s AI revolution. Jordan Times. http://www.jordantimes.com/opinion/khalid-dalal/mbc-most-capable-lead-arab-medias-ai-revolution

Devi, K. V., Manjula, V., & Pattewar, T. (2023). ChatGPT: Comprehensive study on generative AI tool. Academic Guru Publishing House.

‏

Esmaeil, A. A. A., Maakip, I., Mantaluk, O. O., & Marshall, S. (2023). Understanding student perception regarding the use of ChatGPT in their argumentative writing: A qualitative inquiry. Jurnal komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 39(4), 150-165. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2023-3904-08

Filippo, C., Vito, G., Irene, S., Simone, B., & Gualtiero, F. (2024). Future applications of generative large language models: A data-driven case study on ChatGPT. Technovation, 133, 103002.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2024.103002

Flores Vivar, J. M. (2019). Artificial intelligence and journalism: Diluting the impact of disinformation and fake news through bots. Doxa Comunicación. Revista Interdisciplinar De Estudios De Comunicación Y Ciencias Sociales, 29, 197-212. https://doi.org/grtwh2

Gondwe, G. (2023). CHATGPT and the Global South: How are journalists in sub-Saharan Africa engaging with generative AI? Online Media and Global Communication, 2(2), 228-249.‏ https://doi.org/10.1515/omgc-2023-0023

Guanah, J., & Ijeoma, O. B. I. (2020). Artificial intelligence and its reportage in select Nigerian newspapers: A content analysis. International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, 2(2), 45-61.‏ https://www.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v2i2.298

Haoyu, L. (2024). The possibility and optimization path of ChatGPT promoting the generation and dissemination of fake news. Media and Communication Research, 5(2), 80-86.‏ https://doi.org/10.23977/mediacr.2024.050212

Hare, K. (2021, October 5). The Associated Press wants to help local newsrooms with AI and automation. Poynter. https://www.poynter.org/business-work/2021/the-associated-press-wants-to-help-local-newsrooms-with-ai-and-automation/

Hochstein, M. C. (2023, February 3). The benefits and pitfalls of ChatGPT for journalists. IJ Net: International Journalists’ Network. https://ijnet.org/en/story/benefits-and-pitfalls-chatgpt-journalists

Hunter, M. G. (2012). Creating qualitative interview protocols. International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development (IJSKD), 4(3), 1-16.‏ https://doi.org/ntqw

Jamil, S. (2022, August 7). Stepping towards technological innovation in journalism: Barriers for the use of artificial intelligence and automation in developing newsrooms. Open Journal for Sociological Studies, 6(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojss.0601.03027j

Jones, J. (2023, September 11). How to use ChatGPT to summarize a book, article, or research paper. ZDNET. https://www.zdnet.com/article/how-to-use-chatgpt-to-summarize-a-book-article-or-research-paper/

Kabir, S., Udo-Imeh, D. N., Kou, B., & Zhang, T. (2024, May). Is stack overflow obsolete? An empirical study of the characteristics of ChatGPT answers to stack overflow questions. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-17).‏ https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642596

Kothari, A., & Cruikshank, A. (2022) Artificial intelligence and journalism: An agenda for journalism research in Africa. African Journalism Studies, 43(1), 17-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743670.2021.1999840

Kunova, M. (2023, May 5). Eight tasks ChatGPT can do for journalists. Media News. https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/how-can-journalists-use-chatgpt-/s2/a1005273/

Marconi, F. (2020). Newsmakers: Artificial intelligence and the future of journalism. Columbia University Press.‏ https://doi.org/10.7312/marc19136

Marconi, F., & Siegman, A. (2017). The future of augmented journalism: A guide for newsrooms in the age of smart machines. New York: Associated Press.

Meyer, M., & Mayrhofer, W. (2022). Selecting a sample. In U. Flick (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research design (pp. 273-289).‏ SAGE. https://doi.org/ntrd

Mhlanga, D. (2023). The value of open AI and chat GPT for the current learning environments and the potential future uses. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4439267

Naghiyev, K. (2024). ChatGPT from a data protection perspective. Baku State University Law Review.‏ https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4818860

Nofal, K., & Al-Jayyar, S. (2022, January 15). Recent trends of the researches about the impact of the artificial intelligence on the journalism and television. A second-level analytical study. ARID International Journal of Media Studies and Communication Sciences, 3, 2709–2062. https://doi.org/10.36772/arid.aijmscs.2022.351

Nyimbili, F., & Nyimbili, L. (2024). Types of purposive sampling techniques with their examples and application in qualitative research studies. British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies, 5(1), 90-99.‏ https://doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0419

Pavlik, J. V. (2023). Collaborating with ChatGPT: Considering the implications of generative artificial intelligence for journalism and media education. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 78(1), 84-93.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/10776958221149577

Peiser, J. (2019, February 5). The rise of the robot reporter. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/05/business/media/artificial-intelligence-journalism-robots.html

Peña-Fernández, S. (2023, Sept 19). The impact of artificial intelligence on media, journalists, and audiences. Frontiers. https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/60151/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-media-journalists-and-audiences

Ray, P. P. (2023). ChatGPT: A comprehensive review on background, applications, key challenges, bias, ethics, limitations and future scope. Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems, 3, 121-154.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2023.04.003

Reyes, L. N. E., & Villaverde, D. B. (2024). Management of Industry 4.0: ChatGPT as digital marketing tool. In Cortés-Robles, G., Roldán-Reyes, E., & Aguirre-y-Hernández, F. (Eds.), Management engineering in emerging economies (pp. 209-232). Springer International Publishing.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54485-9_9

Roe, J., & Perkins, M. (2023). ‘What they’re not telling you about ChatGPT’: Exploring the discourse of AI in UK news media headlines. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1-9.‏ https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02282-w

Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed). Free Press.

Sallam, M., Salim, N. A., Barakat, M., & Ala'a, B. (2023). ChatGPT applications in medical, dental, pharmacy, and public health education: A descriptive study highlighting the advantages and limitations. Narra J, 3(1).‏ https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v3i1.103

Saurini, E. (2023). Creativity in art and academia: Analyzing the effects of AI technology through the lens of ChatGPT [Thesis 1102, Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection), United States]. https://epublications.regis.edu/theses/1102

Schmelzer, R. (2019, August 23). AI making waves in news and journalism. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2019/08/23/ai-making-waves-in-news-and-journalism/

Serdouk, A., & Bessam, A. C. (2023). Bots in newsrooms: What future for human journalists? Media Watch, 14(1), 100-115.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/09760911221130816

Sharadga, T. M. A., Tahat, Z., & Safori, A. O. (2022). Journalists’ perceptions towards employing artificial intelligence techniques in Jordan TV’s newsrooms. Studies in Media and Communication, 10(2), 239-248.‏ https://doi.org/10.11114/smc.%20v10i2.5749

Sharma, G. (2017). Pros and cons of different sampling techniques. International Journal of Applied Research, 3(7), 749-752.‏

Tang, Y., Dananjayan, S., Hou, C., Guo, Q., Luo, S., & He, Y. (2021). A survey on the 5G network and its impact on agriculture: Challenges and opportunities. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 180, 105895.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105895

Thurman, N., Lewis, S. C., & Kunert, J. (2019). Algorithms, automation, and news. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 980-992.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1685395

Tweissi, B. (2021). 4. Jordan: Media’s sustainability during hard times. In C. Richter & C. Kozman (Eds.), Arab media systems (pp. 55-72).‏ OpenBook Publishers. https://doi.org/ntrm

Underwood, C. (2019, November 17). Automated journalism – AI applications at New York Times, Reuters, and other media giants. Emerj. https://emerj.com/ai-sector-overviews/automated-journalism-applications/

Valentin C, D. (2022). Systematic review writing by artificial intelligence: Can artificial intelligence replace humans? Journal of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Treatment, 8, 112. https://doi.org/10.23937/2572-3243.1510112

Watson, A. (2023, June 6). Journalists and ChatGPT use worldwide 2023. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1388492/journalists-using-chatgpt-in-newsrooms-worldwide/#:~:text=According%20to%20a%20global%20survey,tools%20on%20a%20weekly%20basis

Zagorulko, D. I. (2023). ChatGPT in newsrooms: Adherence of AI-generated content to journalism standards and prospects for its implementation in digital media. Scientific Notes of Vernadsky Taurida National University Series Philology Journalism, 2(1), 319–325. https://doi.org/10.32782/2710-4656/2023.1.2/50

Zakraoui, J., Saleh, M., Al-Maadeed, S., & Alja’am, J. M. (2021). Arabic machine translation: A survey with challenges and future directions. IEEE Access, 9, 161445-161468.‏ https://www.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3132488

Zhuo, T. Y., Huang, Y., Chen, C., & Xing, Z. (2023). Red teaming ChatGPT via jailbreaking: Bias, robustness, reliability and toxicity. ArXiv Preprint. https://doi.org/ntrn


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


e-ISSN: 2289-1528