Strategi Komunikasi dan Pengaruh ke atas Sokongan Sosial Terhadap Wanita Penghidap HIV (WHIV)
Abstract
Wanita yang menghidap Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) tidak dapat lari daripada konotasi negatif, label, stigma dan diskriminasi oleh anggota masyarakat serta ahli keluarga terdekat. Respon anggota masyarakat ini dianggap sebagai refleksi semula jadi kerana HIV sehingga kini masih kekal mendatangkan ketakutan kepada ramai pihak dan menjadi isu kesihatan global kerana kesannya bukan sahaja kepada penghidap, tetapi boleh juga tersebar kepada pihak lain. Disebabkan respon negatif juga menyebabkan ramai penghidap HIV positif wanita (WHIV) disingkir, dinafikan hak dan tidak diberikan peluang yang sepatutnya mereka dapat. Walaupun bergelar sebagai WHIV, mereka sebenarnya layak dan berhak mendapat peluang yang sama seperti individu sihat lain termasuk dalam konteks komunikasi dan sokongan sosial. Kedua-dua elemen ini penting kepada WHIV membina kembali kehidupan mereka. Oleh itu, strategi komunikasi dan pengaruh ke atas sokongan sosial kepada WHIV perlu diteliti lanjut untuk mengetahui sama ada benar dapat membantu WHIV membina kembali kehidupan ataupun tidak. Kajian ke atas 20 orang wanita positif HIV di Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia telah dilakukan menggunakan kaedah temu bual secara mendalam. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa, strategi komunikasi digunakan mempengaruhi sokongan sosial ke atas WHIV. Dua strategi komunikasi dikenal pasti digunakan oleh WHIV ialah (1) bersemuka/fizikal dan (2) teknologi komunikasi (telefon) iaitu dalam serta luar lingkungan keluarga. Sokongan sosial memberi kekuatan kepada WHIV untuk mendedahkan status, merasakan telah diterima, bersemangat dan bersedia mendapatkan rawatan di hospital/klinik untuk meneruskan kehidupan mereka. Namun begitu, kajian juga mendapati, tidak semua WHIV mendapat sokongan sosial kerana kehadiran mereka masih tidak diterima oleh anggota keluarga dan masyarakat.
Kata kunci: HIV positif, strategi komunikasi, sokongan sosial, wanita, kesejahteraan hidup.
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