The Economic and Cultural Impacts of OTT Platforms on the Film Industry: A Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
This review examines the economic and cultural impact of streaming platforms (OTT) on the global film industry through a comprehensive analysis of 23 carefully selected academic and industry documents, with a particular focus on how these platforms are reshaping audience engagement, content distribution models, and production strategies. The study is based on an in-depth analysis of the operational models of major OTT service providers, including well-known platforms such as Netflix, Disney+ Hotstar, and Amazon Prime Video. The findings reveal that OTT platforms have disrupted traditional cinema models by offering alternative direct-to-consumer distribution channels. These channels have the potential to reshape the economic model of film production. To remain competitive, platforms have significantly increased their investment in original content, thereby altering the financing, production, and consumption of films. The report also explores the cultural consequences of this shift, with a particular focus on the trend toward content globalization, where narratives with international market potential are prioritized over those rooted in local traditions or perspectives. This trend has raised concerns about the marginalization of local film industries and the loss of cultural diversity. In many cases, local filmmakers face challenges in gaining exposure and financial support in markets dominated by global streaming services. The cases examined in this report highlight the multifaceted impact of OTT platforms, showcasing their potential to enhance content accessibility and foster innovation while also revealing the potential risks these platforms may pose to traditional value chains and local creative ecosystems.
Keywords: Economic impact, cultural impact, OTT platforms, film industry, SLR.
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