Perlombongan Dasar Laut Dalam dan Kesannya Terhadap Persekitaran Marin (Deep Seabed Mining and the Impact to the Marine Environment)

Wan Siti Adibah Wan Dahalan, Norfatin Azera Norhisham, Intan Nadia Ghulam Khan, Salawati Mat Basir

Abstract


The mineral mining industry has grown rapidly and there has been an increase in the demand for these resources. There is a need to find new mineral resources especially from the deep sea to replace the depleting land-based mineral resources. Deep sea minerals have a high concentration of metals compared to land-based minerals. To date, many countries have begun exploring and exploiting mineral resources from deep seabed mining activities. Like landbased mining, the marine environment also being affected by the deep seabed mining activities such as environmental destruction There is a need to review the existing law to conserve the marine environment from being affected by deep seabed mining activities. Malaysia as one of the members of United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982) needs to begin exploration of deep seabed mining in order to gain economic and technological benefits. However, Malaysia still does not have a set of laws, policies and regulations in line with the provisions of the convention to govern deep-sea mining activities, including the protection of the marine environment. This study, therefore, aims to identify the availability of Malaysia to engage in deep-sea mining and to examine the impact of this activity towards the environment.

 

Abstrak

Industri perlombongan mineral telah berkembang dengan pesat dan berlakunya peningkatan permintaan terhadap sumber ini. Terdapatnya keperluan untuk mencari sumber mineral baru terutamanya dari laut dalam bagi menggantikan sumber mineral berasaskan tanah yang semakin berkurang. Mineral laut dalam mempunyai kepekatan logam yang tinggi berbanding dengan mineral berasaskan tanah. Sehingga kini, terdapat banyak negara yang mula menerokai dan mengeksploitasi sumber mineral daripada aktiviti perlombongan dasar laut dalam. Sepertimana perlombongan berasaskan tanah, persekitaran laut turut menerima kesannya seperti kemusnahan alam sekitar disebabkan aktiviti perlombongan dasar laut dalam. Terdapatnya keperluan untuk menyemak semula undang-undang yang sedia ada bagi memulihara persekitaran laut daripada menerima kesan daripada aktiviti perlombongan dasar laut dalam. Malaysia sebagai salah satu negara di bawah Konvensyen Undang-Undang Laut Antarabangsa 1982 (KUULA 1982) perlu untuk memulakan penerokaan perlombongan dasar laut dalam untuk memperoleh faedah dari segi ekonomi dan teknologi. Malaysia masih tidak mempunyai satu set undang-undang, dasar dan peraturan yang seiring dengan peruntukan konvensyen tersebut bagi mentadbir aktiviti perlombongan dasar laut dalam termasuk perlindungan terhadap persekitaran laut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti ketersediaan negara Malaysia untuk terlibat dalam perlombongan dasar laut dalam dan mengkaji kesan aktitiviti ini terhadap alam sekitar.

Kata kunci: Perlombongan; dasar laut dalam; Konvensyen Undang-Undang Laut Antarabangsa 1982 (KUULA 1982); persekitaran laut


Keywords


Mining; deep seabed; United Nation Convention of Law of The Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982); marine environment

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