Realiti Pemilikan Tanah Komunal: Satu Analisis dari Perspektif Masyarakat Orang Asli

Nurul Amira Abdul Wahab, Azima Abdul Manaf

Abstract


Pemilikan tanah dinilai sebagai salah satu elemen penting kepada kesejahteraan dan kelestarian hidup komuniti, akan tetapi bagi Orang Asli ia menjadi satu cabaran dari segi mendapatkan jaminan pegangan pemilikan tanah yang selamat. Orang Asli merupakan penduduk awal yang menduduki Semenanjung Malaysia termaktub dalam Perlembagaan Akta Orang Asli 1954 (Akta 134). Mereka memiliki hak dan keistimewaan yang tersendiri dan telah menduduki kawasan yang telah diperuntukkan dalam Akta ini bagi pendudukan mereka. Namun di Semenanjung Malaysia terutama dalam konteks peruntukan akta, idea terhadap tanah komunal tidak dinilai sebagai satu elemen penentu dalam memperkasa komuniti Orang Asli ke arah pemilikan tanah yang selamat. Malah, isu ataupun konflik yang berkaitan pembangunan di tanah Orang Asli telah menjejaskan nilai tanah adat mereka. Situasi ini menggambarkan wujudnya keperluan pemilikan tanah secara komunal kepada Orang Asli  dari perspektif pihak kerajaan bagi tujuan melindungi kesejahteraan hidup komuniti terutamanya dalam jaminan keselamatan pemilikan tanah. Sehubungan itu, artikel ini meneroka keperluan pemberimilikan tanah komunal dari perspektif Orang Asli. Artikel ini telah menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif melalui pengedaran borang soal selidik kepada 150 orang responden yang terdiri daripada Orang Asli yang menetap di tujuh (7) perkampungan Orang Asli di negeri Selangor, Perak dan Pahang. Analisis dapatan artikel mendapati bahawa keperluan pemilikan tanah komunal dari perspektif orang Asi adalah tinggi. Ini jelas daripada dapatan artikel menunjukkan tahap penerimaan Orang Asli terhadap pemilikan tanah komunal didorong oleh faktor adat dan identiti, budaya, sosial, ekonomi dan pemerkasaan. Namun, aspek yang berkait dengan pemerkasaan dinilai kurang mempengaruhi kesepakatan Orang Asli berkenaan pemilikan tanah komunal.

 


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